शर्की वंश

sharki vansh ki sthapana khvaja jahan ne ki thi, jo ki mahamood ke darabar mean vazir ke pad par niyukt tha. banaras ke uttar pashchim mean sthit jaunapur rajy ki nianv firozashah tugalaq ke dvara dali gee thi. sambhavatah is rajy ko firoj ne apane bhaee 'jauna khaan' ya 'joona khaan' (muhammad bin tugalaq) ki smriti mean basaya tha. yah nagar gomati nadi ke kinare sthapit kiya gaya tha. 1394 ee. mean firoj tugalaq ke putr sultan mahamood ne apane vazir 'khvaja jahan' ko ‘malik-us-shark’ (poorv ka svami) ki upadhi pradan ki. usane dilli par hue taimoor ke akraman ke karan vyapt asthirata ka labh uthakar svatantr 'sharki vansh' ki nianv dali.

itihas

ganga ki ghati mean sabase pahale svatantrata ghoshit karane valoan mean firoz tugalak ke samay se hi ek pramukh saradar malik saravar tha. malik saravar kuchh samay tak vazir raha tha aur phir use 'malik-us-shark' ki upadhi dekar poorvi prantoan ka shasak bana diya gaya tha. usaki upaghi ke karan usake uttaradhikari sharki kahalaye. sharki sultanoan ne jaunapur, poorvi uttar pradesh mean sthit, ko apani rajadhani banaya aur nagar ko anek bhavy mahaloan, masjidoan aur maqabaroan se sundar banaya. isamean se kuchh masjidean aur maqabare hi bache haian. inase pratit hota hai ki sharki sultanoan ne dilli ki sthapaty shaili ka hi anusaran nahian kiya. unhoanne vishal daravazoan aur maharaboan vali apani shaili ka nirman bhi kiya.

astitv

sharki saltanat ka astitv lagabhag 75 varsh tak hi bana raha. apani unnati ke kal mean is saltanat ki pashchimi uttar pradesh ke aligadh se uttari bihar ke darabhanga tak aur uttar nepal ki sima se dakshin mean buandelakhand tak thi. sharki sultan dilli ko bhi jitana chahate the, kintu isamean ve saphal nahian hue. pandrahavian shatabdi ke madhy mean dilli mean lodiyoan ke sthapit ho jane ke bad sharki nirantar bachav mean lage rahe. pashchimi uttar pradesh ka adhikaansh hissa unhoanne kho diya aur apani sari shakti dilli jitane ki tivr, lekin asaphal abhiyanoan mean vyarth kar di. antatah dilli ke sultan bahalol lodi ne jaunapur ko jit liya aur sharki saltanat ko dilli saltanat mean mila liya. sharki shasak kuchh samay tak pravasi ke roop mean chunar mean raha aur phir apane rajy ko phir se prapt karane ke kee prayatnoan mean asaphal hokar nirasha ki sthiti mean mar gaya.

dilli saltanat ke patan ke pashchath sharki sultanoan ne ek b de bhookhand par qanoon aur vyavastha ko banay rakha. unhoanne bangal ke sultanoan ke poorvi uttar pradesh par adhipaty ke prayatnoan ko saphal nahian hone diya. isase bhi adhik unhoanne ek saanskritik parampara qayam ki, jo unaka raj samapt hone ke bad bhi kafi samay tak jivit rahi.

sthapaty kala

sharki sultan khvaja jahan ne kabhi sultan ki upadhi dharan nahian ki. 1399 ee. mean usaki mrityu ho gee. usake rajy ki simaean 'kol', 'sambhal' tatha 'rapari' tak phaili huee thian. usane 'tirahut' tatha 'doab' ke sath-sath bihar par bhi prabhutv sthapit kiya tha. sharki vansh ke lagabhag sau varsh ke shasan kal mean jaunapur mean bahut-si imaratoan jaise- mahal, masjid, maqabaroan adi ka nirman kiya gaya. sharki sultanoan dvara nirmit imaratoan mean hindoo-muslim sthapaty kala ka sundar mishran dikhaee p data hai. sharki sultanoan ke nirman kary apani b di-b di dhaluvaan evan tirachhi divaroan, vargakar stambhoan, chhoti gailariyoan evan kothariyoan ke karan kafi prasiddh haian.

sharki sultan jnan aur kalaoan ke b de sanrakshak the. kavi, vidvan aur sant jaunapur mean nivas karake usaki shobha badhate the. dhire-dhire jaunapur 'poorv ka shiraj' mana jane laga. hindi ka prasiddh kavi aur 'padmavat' ka rachayita malik muhammad jayasi yahian rahata tha.

nirman kary

d aau. eeshvari prasad ne sharki shasakoan ke nirman karyoan ki prashansa karate hue likha hai ki, "sharki sultan jaunapur ki samrat kala aur vidya ke mahanh sanrakshak the, jin bhavanoan ka nirman in shasakoan ne karaya hai, ve unaki sthapaty kala ki abhiruchi ke praman haian, ye bhavan sudridh, prabhavayukt tatha sundar haian. inamean hindoo-muslim nirman kala shaili ke vicharoan ka vastavik evan prarambhik samanvay hai." sharki sultanoan ke kuchh mahattvapoorn nirman kary nimnalikhit haian-

1. atala masjid
2. jami masjid jaunapur
3. jhanjhiri masjid
4. lal daravaza masjid

spasht hai ki, sharki shasakoan ki sthapaty kala mean hindoo aur islami shailiyoan ka achchha samanvay hai. vishal dhalava divaroan, vargakar stanbh, chhote baramade aur chhayadar raste hindoo karigaroan dvara nirmit hone ke karan spashtatah hindoo visheshataean haian. minaroan ka abhav is kala ki mukhy visheshata hai. ye masjidean dhvast hindoo sthaloan par banayi gayi haian. inaki rachana shaili muhammad bin tugalaq dvara banavayi gayi 'begamapuri masjid' (jama masjid) se bahut adhik prabhavit hai.

shasak

sharki vansh mean jo raja hue, unake nam is prakar se hai-

1. malik karanaphool mubarakashah (1399 - 1402 ee.)
2. ibrahimashah sharki (1402 - 1440 ee.)
3. mahamoodashah sharki (1440 - 1457 ee.)
4. muhammadashah sharki (1457 - 1458 ee.)
5. husainashah sharki (1458 - 1485 ee.)

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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