शैवाल

shaival pray: parnaharit yukt, sanvahan ootak rahit, atmaposhi tatha selyooloj bhitti vale paudhe hote haian. inaka sharir sookay ke saman hota hai, arthath j d, tana evan pattiyoan mean vibhakt nahian hota hai. shaival ek jaliy paudha hai, jo samudr mean ugata hai. kuchh shaival any paudhoan ki j doan mean bhi rahate haian, jaise- saikas ki j doan mean 'enabina' tatha enthosiros mean 'nost aauk' vas karate haian. kuchh shaival kavakoan ke sath milakar sahavas karate haian, jinhean laiken kaha jata hai. shaivaloan ke adhyayan ko 'faikol aauji' kahate haian. shaivaloan ka prayog aj lagabhag har kshetr mean hone laga hai. inaka prayog bhojan ke roop mean, aushadhi nirman mean, vibhinn prakar ke vyavasayik karyoan adi mean kiya jata hai. jahaan kuchh shaival manav ke liye labhadayak haian, vahian kuchh shaival manav tatha doosare jivoan ke lie hanikarak bhi hote haian.

vibhajan

shaivaloan ko tin vargoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

1. rodophaita ya lal shaival - yah ek samudri shaival hai. ye apani bhitti par kailshiyam ka srav tatha sanchay karate haian. isaka lal rang phaikoesthirin tatha phaikosayarin (phaikovayalin) varnakoan ke karan hota hai.
2. phiyophaita ya bhoora shaival - ye shaival adhikaanshat: samudr mean pae jate haian. bhoore shaival mean phyookojainathin tatha klorophil namak varnak upasthit hote haian. is prakar ke shaival se ayodin prapt kiya jata hai.
3. klorophaita ya hara shaival - hare shaival vibhinn map tatha akar ke hote haian. kuchh hare shaival ekakoshikiy tatha sookshmadarshi hote haian. hare shaival mean klorophil ‘e’ tatha klorophil ‘bi’ aur kuchh vairotinaid paya jata hai.

avas

shaival taze jal, samudri jal, garm jal ke jharanoan, kich d mean tatha nadi, talaboan adi mean vas karate haian. kuchh jaliy shaival, jaise- odogoniyam, spairogaira, kara adi haian. barf par paye jane vale shaival ko 'kriptophaits' kahate haian. kuchh shaivaloan mean gati karane ke lie 'phlejel' pae jate haian.

prajanan

shaivaloan mean tin tarah ki prajanan kriya hoti hai-

1. kayik prajanan - khandan dvara, harmogon dvara, protonima dvara, ekainit dvara kayik prajanan hota hai.
2. alaiangik prajanan - chalabijanu dvara, achalabijanu dvara, hipnospor dvara alaiangik prajanan hota hai.
3. laiangik prajanan - laiangik prajanan nimn prakar ka hota hai-
   

(i) samayugmak

(ii) vishamayugmak

arthik mahatv

shaival nimnalikhit karanoan se manushyoan ke lie upayogi siddh hote haian-

bhojan ke roop mean

bhojan ke roop mean shaival nimnalikhit roop se mahattvapoorn haian-

• shaivaloan mean karbohaidret, akarbanik padarth tatha vitamin A.C.D.E. adi prachur matra mean paye jate hai.
• poraphaira ko japan mean mukhy roop se khane ke lie prayog kiya jata hai.
• alva ko pray: samudri salad bhi kaha jata hai.
• rodomeriya palmeta sk aautalaind mean tambakoo ki bhaanti prayog kiya jata hai.
• nostok chin mean khaya jane vala pramukh shaival hai.
• ambalikas bharat tatha any nikatavarti deshoan mean khaya jata hai.

vibhinn vyavasayoan mean prayog

vibhinn udyogoan aur vyavasayoan ke lie shaival ka mahatv nimnalikhit karanoan se hai-

• ‘elijan’ namak padarth shaivaloan se prapt kiya jata hai, jo valkenaijeshan, taiparaitaroan ke rolaroan tatha ajvalanashil filmoan ke nirman mean mahattvapoorn hai.
• saragasam namak shaival se japan mean kritrim oon ka nirman kiya jata hai.
• kairadras namak shaival se ‘shrileshmik kerogenin’ namak padarth taiyar kiya jata hai, jo prasadhanoan (Cosmetic) shaimpoo, jootoan ki p aaulish adi banane mean kam mean ata hai.
• lemineriya, phyookas adi shaivaloan ka prayog ayodin, bromin aml, aisiton adi banane mean kiya jata hai.
• ‘agar-agar’ (Agar-Agar) namak padarth lal shaivaloan se prapt kiya jata hai, jo prayogashalaoan mean paudhoan ke sanvardhan, tana jail, aisakrim adi mean prayukt hota hai. yah padarth taparodhak, dhvanirodhak, kritrim reshe, cham da, soop, chatani adi banane mean prayog kiya jata hai. yah padarth graisileriya tatha jelediyam namak shaivaloan se prapt kiya jata hai.

krishi ke lie upayogi

krishi ke kshetr mean shaival nimnalikhit roop se upayogi hote haian-

• n aaustok, enabina adi shaival vayumandal ki naitrojan ka sthirikaran karate haian. is prakriya mean jivanu bhi bhag lete haian.
• kuchh shaivaloan ka prayog khad ke roop mean bhi kiya jata hai.
• nili hari shaival ((Blue Green Algae)) ka upayog oosar bhoomi ko upajaoo bhoomi banane mean kiya jata hai. jaise- n aaust aauk.

aushadhi ke roop mean prayog

aushadhi nirman ke kshetr mean bhi shaival atyant upayogi haian. inaka prayog nimnalikhit roopoan mean kiya jata hai-

• ‘klorelin’ namak pratijaivik klorela namak shaival se taiyar ki jati hai. yah kristaliy hota hai. yah gram-pajitiv tatha gram nigetiv (gram-positive & gram-negative) donoan prakar ke jivanuoan se raksha karati hai.
• kara tatha naitela shaival maleriya unmoolan mean sahayak haian.

hanikarak shaival

1. kuchh shaival jalashayoan mean pradooshan badhate haian, jisase pani prayog ke yogy nahian rah jata hai. ye shaival zahar paida karate haian, jisase machhaliyaan mar jati haian aur nadiyoan adi ka prakritik santulan big d jata hai. is tarah ki shaivaloan mean maikrosistis, krokokas tatha ossilleriya adi vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian.
2. siphelyooros namak shaival ki jatiyaan chay par ‘lal kitt rog’ (Red rust of Tea) utpann karati haian, jisase chay udyog ko bhari hani pahuanchati hai.
3. barasat ke dinoan mean zamin hare rang ki dikhane lagati hai aur phisalanadar ho jati hai. is zamin mean harit-nile shaival ug ate haian, jisake karan aisa hota hai.

kuchh any visheshataean

1. traikodesmiyam irithiyam namak hari-nili shaival lal sagar mean jal ke oopar tairati hai aur yah sagar ko lal rang pradan karati hai. isi karan se sagar ko lal sagar (Red sea) kahate hai.
2. esitabuleriya sabase chhota ekakoshikiy shaival hai, jisaki lambaee 6 se 10 semi. hoti hai.
3. maikrosistis sabase b da shaival hai. isaki lambaee lagabhag 50 mitar hoti hai. isi karan se ise ‘daityakar samudri ghas’ kaha jata hai.
4. naitrojan sthirikaran karane vale shaival samany roop se dhan ke khetoan mean paye jate haian.
5. sabase chhota kromosom (gunasootr) shaival ka hota hai.
6. chattanoan par ugane vale shaivaloan ko ‘lithophaits’ kahate haian.

shaivalikaran

jaiv urvarak ke roop mean vyapak star par 'nili hari shaival' (Blue Green Algae) ke sanvarddhan ki prakriya shaivalikaran kahalati hai. is shabd ka pahali bar prayog bharat mean 1961 mean chanh‍drashekhar veankataraman ke dvara kiya gaya tha. is takanik ka vikas karane ka shrey japan ko prapt hai. 1960 mean bharat sarakar ke jaiv praudyogiki vibhag dvara shaivalikaran hetu uttar pradesh, pashchim bangal, tamilanadu tatha nee dilli mean ek vishesh karyakram kriyanvit kiya gaya. shaivaloan ka prayog jaiv urvarakoan ke roop mean kiya jata hai. inake prayog se dhan ki oopaj mean 12 kviantal prati hekteyar ki vriddhi dekhi gee hai.

aantariksh yatra mean upayogi

aantariksh yan mean lambi u dan ke samay kebin mean aisi vyavastha rahani chahie, jisase yatri ko aauksijan v bhojan prapt ho sakean tatha karban dai-aauksaid (CO2) tatha any bekar padarth bahar nikal sakean. klorela namak shaival ko kebin ke hauz mean ugakar aantariksh yatri ko protinayukt bhojan, jal aur aauksijan sabhi prapt ho sakate haian. ye shaival shighrata se prajanan karate haian tatha karban dai-aauksaid ka prayog karake bhojan banate haian. CO2 lene ke uparant shuddh aauksijan chho date haian. protin sanshleshan ke lie naitrojan ke srot ke roop mean ye shaival mootr tatha mal se utpann padarthoan ka upayog kar lete haian.

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