शैव मत

shaiv mat / shaiv sanpraday

• bharat ke dharmik sampradayoan mean shaivamat pramukh haian. vaishnav, shakt adi sampradayoan ke anuyayiyoan se isake manane valoan ki sakhya adhik hai. shiv trimoorti mean se tisare haian jinaka vishisht kary sanhar karana hai shaiv vah dharmik sampraday haian jo shiv ko hi eeshvar manakar aradhana karata hai. shiv ka shabdik arth hai 'shubh', 'kalyan', 'mangal', shreyaskar' adi, yadyapi shiv ka kary sanhar karana hai.
• shaivamat ka moolaroop rrigved mean rudr ki kalpana mean milata hai. rudr ke bhayankar roop ki abhivyakti varsha ke poorv jhanjhavat ke roop mean hoti thi. rudr ke upasakoan ne anubhav kiya ki jhanjhavat ke pashchath jagat ko jivan pradan karane vala shital jal barasata hai aur usake pashchath ek gambhir shanti aur anand ka vatavaran nirmit ho jata hai. atah rudr ka hi doosara saumy roop shiv janamanas mean sthir ho gaya.
• hianduoan ke devataoan ki trimoorti- brahma, vishnu aur mahesh mean shiv vidyaman haian aur unhean vinash ka devata bhi mana jata hai.
• shiv ke tin nam shambhu, shankar aur shiv prasiddh hue. inhian namoan se unaki prarthana hone lagi.
• yajurved ke shatarudriy adhyay, taittiriy aranyak aur shvetashvatar upanishad mean shiv ko eeshvar mana gaya hai. unake pashupati roop ka sanket sabase pahale atharvashiras upanishad mean paya jata hai, jisamean pashu, pash, pashupati adi paribhashik shabdoan ka prayog hua hai. isase lagata hai ki us samay se pashupat sampraday banane ki prakriya prarambh ho gayi thi.
• ramayan-mahabharat ke samay tak shaivamat shaiv athava maheshvar nam se prasiddh ho chuka tha.
• mahabharat mean maheshvaroan ke char sampraday batalaye gaye haian -

1. shaiv
2. pashupat
3. kaladaman aur
4. kapalik.

• vaishnav achary yamunachary ne kaladaman ko hi 'kalamukh' kaha hai. inamean se antim do nam shiv ko rudr tatha bhanyakar roop mean soochit karate haian, jab pratham do shiv ke saumy roop ko svikar karate haian. inake dharmik sahity ko shaivamat kaha jata hai. inamean se kuchh vaidik aur shesh avaidik haian. sampraday ke roop mean pashupat mat ka sanghatan bahut pahale prarambh ho gaya tha. isake sansthapak achary lakulish the. inahoanne lakul (lakut) dhari shiv ki upasana ka prachar kiya, jisamean shiv ka rudr roop abhi vartaman tha. isaki pratikriya mean advait darshan ke adhar par samayachari vaidik shaiv mat ka sanghatan sampraday ke roop mean hua. isaki pooja padhdati mean shiv ke saumy roop ki pradhanata thi. kintu is advait shaiv sampraday ki bhi pratikriya huee. gyarahavian shatabdi mean virashaiv athava 'liangayat sampraday' ka uday hua, jisaka darshanik adhar shaktivishisht advaitavad tha.
• kapalikoan ne bhi apana sampradayik sanghatan kiya. inake sampradayik chihn inaki chhah mudrikaean thian, jo is prakar haian-

1. kanthahar
2. abhooshan
3. karnabhooshan
4. choo damani
5. bhasm aur
6. yajnopavit.

inake achar shiv ke ghor roop ke anusar b de vibhats the, jaise kapalapatr mean bhojan, shav ke bhasm ko sharir par lagana, bhasmabhakshan, yashtidharan, madirapatr rakhana, madirapatr ka asan banakar pooja ka anushthankarana adi. kalamukh sahity mean kaha gaya hai ki is prakar ke acharan se laukik aur paralaukik sabhi kamanaoan ki poorti hoti hai. isamean sandeh nahian ki kapalika kriyayan shudhd shaivamat se bahut door chali gayian aur inaka mel vamamargi shaktoan se adhik ho gaya.

• pahale shaivamat ke mukhyatah do hi sampraday the-

1. pashupat aur
2. agamik.

• phir inhian se kee upasampraday hue, jinaki soochi nimnaankit hai -
• pashupat shaiv mat

1. pashupat,
2. laghulish pashupat,
3. kapalik,
4. nath sampraday,
5. gorakh panth,
6. rangeshvar.

• agamik shaiv mat

1. shaiv sidhdant,
2. tamil shaiv
3. kashmir shaiv,
4. vir shaiv.

• pashupat sampraday ka adharagranth maheshvar dvara rachit 'pashupatasutr' hai. isake oopar kaundinyarachit 'pancharthibhashy' hai. isake anusar padarthoan ki sankhya paanch hai-

1. kary
2. karan
3. yog
4. vidhi aur
5. duahkhanth.

• jiv (jivatma) aur jad (jagat) ko kary kaha jata hai. paramatma (shiv) inaka karan hai, jisako pati kaha jata hai. jiv pashu aur jad pash kahalata hai. manasik kriyaoan ke dvara pashu aur pati ke sanyog ko yog kahate haian. jis marg se pati ki prapti hoti hai use vidhi ki sanjna di gayi hai. poojavidhi mean nimnaankit kriyaean avashyak hai-

1. hansana
2. gana
3. nachana
4. huankarana aur
5. namaskar.

• sansar mean dukhoan se atyantik nivritti hi duahkhant athava moksh hai.
• agamik shaivoan ke shaiv sidhdant ke granth sanskrit aur tamil donoan mean haian. inake pati, pashu aur pash in tin mool tatvoan ka gambhir vivechan paya jata hai. inake anusar jiv pashu hai jo ajn aur anu haian. jiv pashu char prakar ke pashoan se badhd haian. yatha –mal, karm, maya aur rodh shakti. sadhana ke dvara jab pashu par pati ka shaktipat (anugrah) hota hai tab vah pash se mukt ho jata hai. isi ko moksh kahate haian.
• kashmir shaiv mat darshanik drishti se advaitavadi hai. advait vedant aur kashmir shaiv mat mean sampradayik antar itana hai ki advaitavad ka brahm nishkriy hai kintu kashmir shaivamat ka brahm (parameshvar) kartritvasampann hai. advaitavad mean jnan ki pradhanata hai, usake sath bhakti ka samanjasy poora nahian baithata; kashmir shaivamat mean jnan aur bhakti ka sundar samavany hai. advaitavad vedant mean jagat brahm ka vivart (bhram) hai. kashmir shaivamat mean jagat brahm ka svatantry athava abhas hai. kashmir shaiv ki do pramukh shakhaaian haian–

1. spand shastr aur
2. pratyabhijna shastr. pahali shakha ke mukhy granth ‘shiv drishti’ (somanand krit), ‘eeshvarapratyabhijnakarika’ (utpalachary krit), eeshvaraprtyabhijnakarikavimarshini’ aur (abhinavagupt rachit) ‘tantralok’ haian. donoan shakhaoan mean koee tattvik bhed nahian hai; keval marg ka bhed hai. spand shastr mean eeshvaradvayki anubhooti ka marg eeshvaradarshan aur usake dvara malanivaran hai. pratyabhijnashastr mean eeshvar ke roop mean apani pratyabhijna (punaranubhooti) hi vah marg hai. in donoan shakhaoan ke darshan ko ‘trikadarshan’ athava eeshvaradvayavad’ kaha jata hai.

• shaivamat ke pradhanataya char sampraday mane jate haian-

1. pashupat
2. shaivasiddhant
3. kashmir shaivamat
4. vir shaivamat

pahale ka kendr gujarat aur rajapootana, doosare ka tamil pradesh, tisare ka kashmir aur chauthe ka karnatak hai.

• vir shaiv mat ke sansthapak mahatma vasav the. is sampraday ke mukhy granth brahm sootr par ‘shrikarabhashy’ aur ‘sidhdant-shikhamani’ haian. inake anusar antim tattv advait nahian, apitu vishishtadvait hai. yah sampraday manata hai ki param tattv shiv poorn svatantryarup hai. sthul chidachichchhakti vishisht jiv aur sookshm chidachichchhakti vishisht shiv ka advait hai. vir shaiv mat ko liangayat bhi kahate haian, kyoanki isake anuyayi barabar shivaliang gale mean dharan karate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• prophesar mahavir saran jain ka alekh - bhagavan shiv evan shaiv darshan

sanbandhit lekh

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