श्यामा प्रसाद मुखर्जी
shyama prasad mukharji
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| poora nam | shyama prasad mukharji |
| janm | 6 julaee, 1901 |
| janm bhoomi | kolakata |
| mrityu | 23 joon, 1953 |
| mrityu sthan | jammoo-kashmir |
| abhibhavak | ashutosh mukharji (pita), jogamaya devi mukharji (mata) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | bharatiy janasangh ke sansthapak |
| parti | 'bharatiy janasangh' |
| shiksha | em.e. (1923), bi.el. (1924) |
| vidyalay | kalakatta vishvavidyalay, 'liankans in' (ianglaiand) |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| any janakari | d aau. mukharji 33 varsh ki ayu mean 'kalakatta vishvavidyalay' mean vishv ke sabase kam umr ke kulapati banaye ge the. |
shyama prasad mukharji (aangrezi: Syama Prasad Mookerjee, janm- 6 julaee, 1901, kolakata; mrityu- 23 joon, 1953) ek mahanh shikshavid aur chintak hone ke sath-sath bharatiy janasangh ke sansthapak bhi the. unhean aj bhi ek prakhar rashtravadi aur kattar deshabhakt ke roop mean yad kiya jata hai. d aau. shyama prasad mukharji sachche arthoan mean manavata ke upasak aur siddhaantoan ke pakke iansan the. sansad mean unhoanne sadaiv rashtriy ekata ki sthapana ko hi apana pratham lakshy rakha tha. sansad mean die apane bhashan mean unhoanne purajor shabdoan mean kaha tha ki "rashtriy ekata ke dharatal par hi sunahare bhavishy ki nianv rakhi ja sakati hai." bharatiy itihas mean unaki chhavi ek karmath aur jujharoo vyaktitv vale aise iansan ki hai, jo apani mrityu ke itane varshoan bad bhi anek bharatavasiyoan ke adarsh aur pathapradarshak haian.
janm tatha shiksha
d aau. mukharji ka janm 6 julaee, 1901 ko ek prasiddh bangali parivar mean hua tha. unaki mata ka nam jogamaya devi mukharji tha aur pita ashutosh mukharji bangal ke ek jane-mane vyakti aur kushal vakil the. d aau. mukharji ne kalakatta vishvavidyalay se snatak ki digri pratham shreni mean 1921 mean prapt ki thi. isake bad unhoanne 1923 mean em.e. aur 1924 mean bi.el. kiya. ve 1923 mean hi sinet ke sadasy ban gaye the. unhoanne apane pita ki mrityu ke bad kalakata uchch nyayalay mean edavoket ke roop mean apana nam darj karaya. bad mean ve san 1926 mean 'liankans in' mean adhyayan karane ke lie ianglaiand chale ge aur 1927 mean bairistar ban ge.
kulapati ka pad
d aau. mukharji taiantis varsh ki ayu mean kalakatta vishvavidyalay mean vishv ke sabase kam umr ke kulapati banaye ge the. is pad ko unake pita bhi sushobhit kar chuke the. 1938 tak d aau. mukharji is pad ko gauravanvit karate rahe. unhoanne apane karyakal ke dauran anek rachanatmak sudhar kary kie tatha 'kalakatta eshiyatik sosayati' mean sakriy roop se hissa liya. ve 'iandiyan ianstitayoot aauf saians', bangalaur ki parishad evan kort ke sadasy aur iantar-yoonivarsiti aauf bord ke cheyaramain bhi rahe.
rajaniti mean pravesh
kalakatta vishvavidyalay ka pratinidhitv karate hue shyama prasad mukharji kaangres ummidavar ke roop mean bangal vidhan parishad ke sadasy chune ge the, kiantu unhoanne agale varsh is pad se us samay tyagapatr de diya, jab kaangres ne vidhan mandal ka bahishkar kar diya. bad mean unhoanne svatantr roop se chunav l da aur nirvachit hue. varsh 1937-1941 mean 'krishak praja parti' aur muslim lig ka gathabandhan satta mean aya. is samay d aau. mukharji virodhi paksh ke neta ban ge. ve phazalul haq ke netritv mean pragatishil gathabandhan mantralay mean vittamantri ke roop mean shamil hue, lekin unhoanne ek varsh se kam samay mean hi is pad se tyagapatr de diya. ve hinduoan ke pravakta ke roop mean ubhare aur shighr hi 'hindoo mahasabha' mean shamil ho ge. san 1944 mean ve isake adhyaksh niyukt kiye ge the.
hindoo mahasabha ka netritv
rashtriy ekatmata evan akhandata ke prati agadh shraddha ne hi d aau. mukharji ko rajaniti ke samar mean jhoank diya. aangrezoan ki 'phoot dalo v raj karo' ki niti ne 'muslim lig' ko sthapit kiya tha. d aau. mukharji ne 'hindoo mahasabha' ka netritv grahan kar is niti ko lalakara. rashtrapita mahatma gaandhi ne unake hindoo mahasabha mean shamil hone ka svagat kiya, kyoanki unaka mat tha ki hindoo mahasabha mean madan mohan malaviy ji ke bad kisi yogy vyakti ke margadarshan ki zaroorat thi. kaangres yadi unaki salah ko manati to hindoo mahasabha kaangres ki takat banati tatha muslim lig ki bharat vibhajan ki manokamana poorn nahian hoti.
bharatiy janasangh ki sthapana
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
mahatma gaandhi ki hatya ke bad d aau. mukharji chahate the ki hindoo mahasabha ko keval hinduoan tak hi simit n rakha jae athava yah janata ki seva ke lie ek gair-rajanitik nikay ke roop mean hi kary n kare. ve 23 navambar, 1948 ko is mudde par isase alag ho ge. pandit javaharalal neharoo ne unhean aantarim sarakar mean udyog evan apoorti mantri ke roop mean sammilit kiya tha. d aau. mukharji ne liyakat ali khan ke sath dilli samajhaute ke mudde par 6 aprail, 1950 ko mantrimandal se tyagapatr de diya. mukharji ji ne rashtriy svayansevak sangh ke sanghachalak guru golavalakar ji se paramarsh karane ke bad 21 aktoobar, 1951 ko dilli mean 'bharatiy janasangh' ki nianv rakhi aur isake pahale adhyaksh bane. san 1952 ke chunavoan mean bharatiy janasangh ne sansad ki tin sitoan par vijay prapt ki, jinamean se ek sit par d aau. mukharji jitakar ae. unhoanne sansad ke bhitar 'rashtriy janataantrik parti' banayi, jisamean 32 sadasy lok sabha tatha 10 sadasy rajy sabha se the, halaanki adhyaksh dvara ek vipakshi parti ke roop mean ise manyata nahian mili.
bharat vibhajan ke virodhi
jis samay aangrez adhikariyoan aur kaangres ke bich desh ki svatantrata ke prashn par vartaean chal rahi thian aur muslim lig desh ke vibhajan ki apani jid par a di huee thi, shyama prasad mukharji ne is vibhajan ka b da hi k da virodh kiya. kuchh logoan ki manyata hai ki adhe panjab aur adhe bangal ke bharat mean bane rahane ke pichhe d aau. mukharji ke prayatnoan ka hi sabase b da hath hai.
sankalp
us samay jammoo-kashmir ka alag jhanda aur alag sanvidhan tha. vahaan ka mukhyamantri bhi pradhanamantri kaha jata tha. lekin d aau. mukharji jammoo-kashmir ko bharat ka poorn aur abhinn aang banana chahate the. isake lie unhoanne joradar nara bhi diya ki- ek desh mean do nishan, ek desh mean do pradhan, ek desh mean do vidhan nahian chaleange, nahian chaleange. agast, 1952 mean jammoo ki vishal raili mean unhoanne apana sankalp vyakt kiya tha ki "ya to maian apako bharatiy sanvidhan prapt karaooanga ya phir is uddeshy ki poorti ke lie apana jivan balidan kar dooanga."
nidhan
[[chitr:Shyama-Prasad-Mukhopadhyaya-Stamp.jpg|thumb|250px|shyama prasad mukharji ke samman mean dak tikat]] jammoo-kashmir mean pravesh karane par d aau. mukharji ko 11 mee, 1953 mean shekh abdulla ke netritv vali sarakar ne hirasat mean le liya, kyoanki un dinoan kashmir mean pravesh karane ke lie bharatiyoan ko ek prakar se pasaport ke saman ek paramit lena padata tha aur d aau. mukharji bina paramit lie jammoo-kashmir chale ge the, jahaan unhean giraphtar kar najaraband kar liya gaya. vahaan giraphtar hone ke kuchh din bad hi 23 joon, 1953 ko rahasyamay paristhitiyoan mean unaki mrityu ho gee. unaki mrityu ka khulasa aj tak nahian ho saka hai. bharat ki akhandata ke lie azad bharat mean yah pahala balidan tha. isaka parinam yah hua ki shekh abdulla hata diye ge aur alag sanvidhan, alag pradhan evan alag jhande ka pravadhan nirast ho gaya. 'dhara 370' ke bavajood kashmir aj bharat ka abhinn aang bana hua hai. isaka sarvadhik shrey d aau. mukharji ko hi diya jata hai.
netritv kshamata
d aau. mukharji ko desh ke prakhar netaoan mean gina jata tha. sansad mean 'bharatiy janasangh' ek chhota dal avashy tha, kiantu unaki netritv kshamata mean sansad mean 'rashtriy lokataantrik dal' ka gathan hua tha, jisamean ganatantr parishad, akali dal, hindoo mahasabha evan anek nirdaliy saansad shamil the. jab sansad mean javaharalal neharoo ne bharatiy janasangh ko kuchalane ki bat kahi, tab d aau. mukharji ne kaha- "ham desh ki rajaniti se is kuchalane vali manovritti ko kuchal deange." d aau. mukharji ki shahadat par shok vyakt karate hue tatkalin lok sabha ke adhyaksh shri ji.vi. mavalankar ne kaha- "ve hamare mahanh deshabhaktoan mean se ek the aur rashtr ke lie unaki sevaean bhi utani hi mahanh thian. jis sthiti mean unaka nidhan hua, vah sthiti b di hi duahkhadayi hai. yahi eeshvar ki ichchha thi. isamean koee kya kar sakata tha? unaki yogyata, unaki nishpakshata, apane karyabhar ko kaushalyapoorn nibhane ki dakshata, unaki vakpatuta aur sabase adhik unaki deshabhakti evan apane deshavasiyoan ke prati unake lagav ne unhean hamare samman ka patr bana diya."
vishleshan
d aau. mukharji bharat ke lie shahid hue aur bharat ne ek aisa vyaktitv kho diya, jo rajaniti ko ek nee disha pradan kar sakata tha. d aau mukharji is dharana ke prabal samarthak the ki saanskritik drishti se hi sab ek haian, isalie dharm ke adhar par kisi bhi tarah ke vibhajan ke ve khilaf the. unaka manana tha ki adharabhoot saty yah hai ki ham sab ek haian. hamamean koee aantar nahian hai. hamari bhasha aur sanskriti ek hai. yahi hamari amooly virasat hai. unake in vicharoan aur unaki manshaoan ko any rajanitik daloan ke tatkalik netaoan ne anyatha roop se pracharit-prasarit kiya. lekin isake bavajood logoan ke diloan mean unake prati athah pyar aur samarthan badhata gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh