श्राद्ध विधि (संक्षिप्त)
30px yah lekh pauranik granthoan athava manyataoan par adharit hai at: isamean varnit samagri ke vaijnanik praman hone ka ashvasan nahian diya ja sakata. vistar mean dekhean asvikaran |
shraddh vidhi (sankshipt)
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any nam | pitri paksh |
anuyayi | sabhi hindoo dharmavalambi |
uddeshy | shraddh poorvajoan ke prati sachchi shraddha ka pratik haian. pitaroan ke nimitt vidhipoorvak jo karm shraddha se kiya jata hai, usi ko 'shraddh' kahate haian. |
prarambh | vaidik-pauranik |
tithi | bhadrapad shukl paksh ki poornima se sarvapitri amavasya arthat ashvin krishna paksh amavasya tak |
anushthan | shraddh-karm mean pake hue chaval, doodh aur til ko mishrit karake 'pind' banate haian, use 'sapindikaran' kahate haian. pind ka arth hai sharir. yah ek paranparik vishvas hai ki har pidhi ke bhitar matrikul tatha pitrikul donoan mean pahale ki pidhiyoan ke samanvit 'gunasootr' upasthit hote haian. yah pratikatmak anushthan jin jin logoan ke gunasootr (jins) shraddh karane vale ki apani deh mean haian, unaki tripti ke lie hota hai. |
sanbandhit lekh | pitri paksh, shraddh ke niyam, anvashtaka krity, ashtaka krity, anvahary shraddh, shraddh visarjan, pitri visarjan amavasya, tarpan, madhyavarsh krity, matamah shraddh, pitar, shraddh aur grahan, shraddh karane ka sthan, shraddh ki ahuti, shraddh ki kotiyaan, shraddh ki mahatta, shraddh prapautr dvara, shraddh phalasoochi, shraddh varjana, shraddh vidhi, pindadan, gaya, nasik, adity devata aur rudr devata |
any janakari | brahm puran ke anusar shraddh ki paribhasha- 'jo kuchh uchit kal, patr evan sthan ke anusar uchit (shastranumodit) vidhi dvara pitaroan ko lakshy karake shraddhapoorvak brahmanoan ko diya jata hai', shraddh kahalata hai. |
shraddh divas se poorv divas ko buddhiman purush shrotriy adi se vihit brahmanoan ko 'pitri-shraddh' tatha 'vaishv-dev-shraddh' ke lie nimantrit karean. pitri-shraddh ke lie samarthyanusar ayugm tatha vaishv-dev-shraddh ke lie yugm brahmanoan ko nimantrit karana chahie. nimantrit tatha nimantrak krodh, strigaman tatha parishram adi se door rahe. shraddh-divas par nimn prakriya ka palan nimantrit tatha nimantrak ko karana vihit hai-
kramaank | vidhi |
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1 | sarvapratham brahman ka pair dhokar satkar karean. |
2 | hath dhokar unhean achaman karane ke bad saf asan pradan karean. |
3 | devapaksh ke brahmanoan ko poorvabhimukh tatha pitri-paksh v matamah-paksh ke brahmanoan ko uttarabhimukh bithakar bhojan karaean. |
4 | shraddh vidhi ka jnata purush yav-mishrit jal se devataoan ko ardhy dan kar vidhi-poorvak dhoop, dip, gandh, mala nivedit karean. |
5 | isake bad pitri-paksh ke lie apasavy bhav se yajnopavit ko daean kandhe par rakhakar nivedan karean, phir brahmanoan ki anumati se do bhagoan mean bante hue kushaoan ka dan karake mantrochcharan-poorvak pitri-gan ka ahvan karean tatha apasavy bhav se tilosak se ardhyadi dean. |
6 | yadi koee animantrit tapasvi brahman ya koee bhookha pathik atithi roop mean a jae to nimantrit brahmanoan ki ajna se use yathechchha bhojan nivedit karean. |
7 | nimantrit brahmanoan ki ajna se shak tatha lavanahin ann se shraddh-karta yajaman nimn mantroan se agni mean tin bar ahuti dean-
pratham ahutiah- “agnaye kavyavahanay svaha” |
8 | ahutiyoan se shesh ann ko brahmanoan ke patroan mean paros dean. |
9 | isake bad ruchi ke anusar ann parosean aur ati vinamrata se kahean ki ‘ap bhojam grahan kijie”. |
10 | brahmanoan ko bhi tadchit aur maun hokar prasann mukh se sukhapoorvak bhojan karana chahie tatha yajaman ko krodh aur utavalepan ko chho dakar bhakti-poorvak parosate rahana chahie. |
11 | phir rrigvedokt ‘rakshoghn mantr’ Om apahata asura rakshaansi vedishad ityadi rricha ka path kar shraddh-bhoomi par til chhi dakean tatha apane pitri-rup se un brahmanoan ka hi chiantan kare tatha nivedan karean ki ‘in brahmanoan ke sharir mean sthit mere pita, pitamah aur prapitamah adi aj tripti labh karean. [1] |
prachin pratha
pratit hota hai ki shraddh dvara pooja-archana prachin pratha hai aur punarjanm evan karmavipak ke siddhant apekshakrit pashchatkalin haian aur hindoo dharm ne, jo ki vyapak hai (arthath apane mean sabhi ko samet leta hai) punarjanm adi ke siddhant grahan karate hue bhi shraddhoan ki parampara ko jyoan ka tyoan rakh liya hai. isase vyakti apane un poorvajoan ka smaran kar leta hai jo jivitavastha mean apane priy the. aryasamaj shraddh pratha ka virodh karata hai aur rrigved mean ullikhit pitaroan ko vanaprasthashram mean rahane vale jivit logoan ke arth mean leta hai. yah jnatavy hai ki vaidik uktiyaan donoan siddhantoan ka palan karati hai. shatapath brahman ne spasht roop se kaha hai ki yajnakarta ke pita ko diya gaya bhojan in shabdoan mean kaha jata hai–'yah tumhare liye hai'. vishnu puran[2] mean aya hai–'vah, jisaka pita mrit ho gaya ho, apane pita ke lie pind rakh sakata hai.' manu smriti[3] ne kaha hai ki pita vasu, pitamah rudr evan adity kahe gaye haian. yajnavalkyasmriti[4] ne yah vyavastha di hai ki vasu, rudr evan adity pit haian aur shraddh ke adhishthata devata haian. is antim kathan ka uddeshy hai ki pitaroan ka dhyan vasu, rudr evan adity ke roop mean karana chahie. thumb|left|pindadan karate shraddhalu
granthoan ke anusar
pitaroan ki kalpit, kalyanakari evan haniprad shakti par hi adim avastha ke logoan mean poorvaj-pooja ki pratha mahatta ko prapt huee. aisa samajha jata tha ki pitar log jivit logoan ko labh evan hani donoan de sakate haian. arambhik kal mean poorvajoan ko prasann karane ke lie jo ahutiyaan di jati thian athava jo utsav kiye jate the, ve kalantar mean shraddha evan smaran ke chihnoan ke roop mean prachalit ho gaye haian. prakh-vaidik sahity mean pitaroan ke vishay mean katipay vishvas prakat kiye gaye haian.[5] baudhayan dharmasootr[6] ne ek brahman granth se nishkarsh nikala hai ki pitar log pakshiyoan ke roop mean vicharan karate haian. yahi bat aushanasasmriti evan deval (kalpataru) ne bhi kahi hai. vayu puran[7] mean aisa kaha gaya hai ki shraddh ke samay pitar log (amantrit) brahmanoan mean vayu roop mean pravisht ho jate haian aur jab yogy brahman vastroan, annoan, pradanoan, bhakshyoan, peyoan, gayoan, ashvoan, gramoan adi se sampoojit hote haian to ve prasann hote haian.[8] manu[9] evan aushanas-smriti is sthapana ka anumodan karate haian ki pitar log amantrit brahmanoan mean pravesh karate haian. matsyapuran[10] ne vyavastha di hai ki mrityu ke uparant ko pitar ko 12 dinoan tak pind dene chahie, kyoanki ve usaki yatra mean bhojan ka kary karate haian aur use santosh dete haian. at: atma mrityu ke uparant 12 dinoan tak apane avas ko nahian tyagati. at: 10 dinoan tak doodh (aur jal) oopar taang dena chahie. jisase sabhi yatanaean (mrit ke kasht) door ho sakean aur yatra ki thakan mit sake (mritatma ko nishchit avas svarg ya yam ke lok mean jana p data hai). vishnu dharmasootr[11] mean aya hai–"mritatma shraddh mean 'svadha' ke sath pradatt bhojan ka pitrilok mean rasasvadan karata hai; chahe mritatma (svarg mean) dev ke roop mean ho, ya narak mean ho (yatanaoan ke lok mean ho), ya nimn pashuoan ki yoni mean ho, ya manav roop mean ho, sambandhiyoan ke dvara shraddh mean pradatt bhojan usake pas pahuanchata hai; jab shraddh sampadit hota hai to mritatma evan shraddhakarta donoan ko tez ya sampatti ya samriddhi prapt hoti hai.[12]
paanch bhag
brahm puran[13] ke mat se shraddh ka varnan paanch bhagoan mean kiya jana chahie. kaise, kahaan, kab, kisake dvara evan kin samagriyoan dvara. kintu in paanch prakaroan ke vishay mean likhane ke poorv mean hamean 'pitar' shabd ki antarnihit adakalin vicharadhara par prakash dal lena chahie. hamean yah dekhana hai ki atyant prachin kal mean (jahaan tak hamean sahity prakash mil pata hai) is shabd ke vishay mean kya drishtikon tha aur isaki kya mahatta thi.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ vaidik jagat d aaut k aaum (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 2 aktoobar, 2010.
- ↑ vishnu puran (75|4
- ↑ manu smriti(3|284
- ↑ yajnavalkyasmriti (1|269
- ↑
vayasa pindan dadyath. vayasaan hi pitar: pratimaya charantiti vijnayate. baudhayan dharmasootr (2|8|14);
n ch pashyat kakadinh pakshinastu n varayeth. tadroopa pitarastatr samayanti bubhutsav:..
aushanas; n chatr shyenakakadinh pakshin: pratishedhayeth. tadroopa pitarastatr samayantiti vaidikamh..
deval (kalpataru, shraddh, prishth 17). - ↑ baudhayan dharmasootr (2|8|14
- ↑ vayu puran (75|13-15=uttarardh 13|13-15
- ↑
shraddhakale tu satatan vayubhoota: pitamaha:. avishanti dvijanh drishtava tasmadetadh bravimi te..
vastrairannai: pradanaistairbhakshyapeyaistathaiv ch. gobhirashvaistatha gramai: poojayitva dvijottaman..
bhavanti pitar: prita: poojiteshu dvijatishu. tasmadannen vidhivath poojayedh dvijasattamanh.. vayri. (75|13-15);
brahmanaanste samayanti pitaro hyantarikshaga:. vayubhootashch vishthanti bhuktva yanti paraan gatimh.. aushanasasmriti. - ↑ manu (3219
- ↑ matsyapuran (18|5-7
- ↑ vishnu dharmasootr (20|34-36
- ↑
pitrilokagatashchannan shraddhe bhuankte svadhasamamh. pitrilokagatasyasy prayachchhat..
devatve yatanasthane tiryagyoni tathaiv ch. manushye ch tathapnoti shraddhan dattan svabandh:..
pretasy shraddhakartushch pushti: shraddhe krite dhruvamh. tasmachchhaddhan sada kary shokan tyaktava nirarthakamh..
vishnudharmasootr (20|34-36) aur dekhie markandeyapuran (23|49-51). - ↑ brahm puran (220|2