श्राद्ध संस्कार
maranottar (shraddh sanskar) jivan ka ek abadh pravah hai. kaya ki samapti ke bad bhi jiv yatra rukati nahian hai. age ka kram bhi bhaliprakar sahi disha mean chalata rahe, is hetu maranottar sanskar kiya jata hai. sookshm vidyut tarangoan ke madhyam se vaijnanik doorasth upakaran ka sanchalan (rimot aaupareshan) kar lete haian. shraddha usase bhi adhik sashakt tarangean preshit kar sakati hai. usake madhyam se pitaroan-ko snehi parijanoan ki jiv chetana ko disha aur shakti tushti pradan ki ja sakati hai. maranottar sanskar dvara apani isi kshamata ke prayog se pitaroan ki sadgati dene aur unake ashirvad pane ka kram chalaya jata hai. bharatiy sanskriti ne yah tathy ghoshit kiya hai ki mrityu ke sath jivan samapt nahian hota, anant jivan shrriankhala ki ek k di mrityu bhi hai, isalie sanskaroan ke kram mean jiv ki us sthiti ko bhi baandha gaya hai. jab vah ek janm poora karake agale jivan ki or unmukh hota hai, kamana ki jati hai ki sambandhit jivatma ka agala jivan pichhale ki apeksha adhik susanskaravanh bane. is nimitt jo karmakand kiye jate haian, unaka labh jivatma ko kriya-karm karane valoan ki shraddha ke madhyam se hi milata hai. isalie maranottar sanskar ko shraddhakarm bhi kaha jata hai. yoan shraddhakarm ka prarambh asthi visarjan ke bad se hi prarambh ho jata hai. kuchh log nity pratah tarpan evan sayankal mritak dvara sharir ke tyag ke sthan par ya pipal ke pe d ke niche dipak jalane ka kram chalate rahate haian. maranottar sanskar antyeshti sanskar ke terahavean din kiya jata hai. jis din antyeshti (dah kriya) hoti hai, vah din bhi gin liya jata hai. kahian-kahian barahavean din ki bhi paripati hoti hai. bahut se kshetroan mean dasavean din shuddhi divas manaya jata hai, us din mritak ke nikat sambandhi kshaur karm karate haian, ghar ki vyapak saphaee-putaee shuddhi tak poorn kar lete haian, jahaan terahavian hi manayi jati hai, vahaan yah sab karm shraddh sanskar ke poorv kar liye jate haian.
antyeshti ke 13vean din maranottar sanskar kiya jata hai. yah shok-moh ki poornahuti ka vidhivath ayojan hai. mrityu ke karan ghar mean shok-viyog ka vatavaran rahata hai, bahar ke log bhi sanvedana-sahanubhooti prakat karane ate haian-yah kram terah din mean poora ho jana chahie, taki bhavukatavash shok ka vatavaran lambi avadhi tak n khianchata jae. karttavyoan ki or punah dhyan dena arambh kar diya jae. mritak ke sharir se ashuddh kitanu nikalate haian. isalie mrityu ke uparant ghar ki saphaee karani chahie. divaroan ki putaee, zamin ki dhulaee-lipaee, vastroan ki garam jal se dhulaee, vastuoan ki ghisaee, rangaee adi ka aisa kram banana p data hai ki koee chhoot ka aansh n rahe. yah kary das se 13 din ki avadhi mean poora ho jana chahie. terahavean din maranottar sanskar ki vaisi hi vyavastha ki jae, jaisi any sanskaroan ki hoti hai.
aangan mean yajn vedi banakar poojan tatha havan ke sare upakaran ikatthe kiye jaean. mandap banane ya sajavat karane ki avashyakata nahian hai. jis vyakti ne dah sanskar kiya ho, vahi is sanskar ka bhi mukhy karyakartta, yajaman banega aur vahi divangat atma ki shanti-sadgati ke lie nirdharit karmakand karaega. shraddh sanskar maranottar ke atirikt pitripaksh mean athava dehavasan divas par kiye jane vale shraddh ke roop mean karaya jata hai. jivatmaoan ki shanti ke lie tirthoan mean bhi shraddh karm karane ka vidhan hai. shraddh sanskar ke lie samany yajn dev poojan ki samagri ke atirikt vyavastha bana leni chahie.- tarpan ke lie patr ooanche kinare ki thali, parat, pital ya stil ki tainiyaan (tasale, taga di ke akar ke patr) jaise upayukt rahate haian. ek patr jisamean tarpan kiya jae, doosara patr jisamean jal arpit karate rahean. tarpan patr mean jal poorti karate rahane ke lie kalash adi pas hi rahe. isake atirikt kush, patrivi, chaval, jau, til tho di-tho di matra mean rakhean. - pind dan ke lie lagabhag ek pav guantha hua jau ka ata. jau ka ata n mil sake, to gehooan ke ate mean jau, til milakar gooanth liya jae. pind sthapan ke lie pattalean, kele ke patte adi. pindadan sianchit karane ke lie doodh-dahi, madhu tho da-tho da rahe.
panchabali evan naivedy ke lie bhojy padarth. samany bhojy padarth ke sath urd ki dal ki tikiya (b de) tatha dahi isake lie vishesh roop se rakhane ki paripati hai. panchabali arpit karane ke lie hare patte ya pattal lean.
poojan vedi par chitr, kalash evan dipak ke sath ek chhoti dheri chaval ki yam tatha til ki pitri avahan ke lie bana deni chahie.
visarjan ke poorv do thaliyoan mean bhojan sajakar rakhean. inamean devoan aur pitaroan ke lie naivedy arpit kiya jae. pitri naivedy ki thali mean kisi many vayovriddh athava purohit ko bhojan kara dean aur dev naivedy kisi kanya ko jimaya jae. virsajan karane ke pashchath panchabali ke bhag yathasthan pahuanchane ki vyavastha karean. pind nadi mean visarjit karane ya gauoan ko khilane ki paripati hai. isake bad nirdharit kram se parijanoan, kanya, brahman adi ko bhojan karaean. ratri mean sanskar sthal par dipak rakhean.
poojan ki vedi par chavaloan ki ek dheri yam ke pratik roop mean rakhean tatha mantr ke sath usaka poojan karean. yadi samay ki kami n ho, to kee log milakar yam-stotr ka path bhi karean. stuti karane ka arth hai- unake gunoan ka smaran tatha apani shraddha ki abhivyakti karana. hath mean yav-akshat-pushp lekar jivan-mrityu chakr ka anushasan banaye rakhane vale tantr ke adhishthata ka avahan karean-poojan karean. bhavana karean ki yam ka anushasan ham sabake lie kalyanakari bane.
Om yamay tva makhay tva, sooyarsy tva tapase .
devastva savita madhvanakt, prithivyaah s sprishaspahi .
achirrasi shochirasi tapoasi॥-37.11
Om yamay namah . avahayami, sthapayami, dhyayami . tato namaskaran karomi॥
yam stotr
Om niyamasthah svayan yashch, kuruteanyanniyantritanh .
praharine mayardanaan, shamanay tasmai namah॥1॥
yasy smritya vijanati, bhanguratvan nijan narah .
pramadalasyarahito, bodhakay namoastu te॥2॥
vidhay dhoolishayanan, yenahan maninaan khalu .
mahataan choonirto gavarh, tasmai namoantakay ch॥3॥
yasy prachandadandasy, vidhanen hi trasitaah .
hahakaran prakuvarnti, dushtaah tasmai namo namah॥4॥
kripadrishtirananta ch, yasy satkamarkarishu .
purusheshu namastasmai, yamay pitrisvamine॥5॥
kamarnaan phaladanan hi, kayarmev yathochitamh .
pakshapato n kasyapi, namo yasy yamay ch॥6॥
yasy dandabhayadruddhah, dushpravrittikukamarkrith .
kritantay namastasmai, pradatte chetanaan sada॥7॥
pradhanyan yen nyayasy, mahattvan kamarnaan sada .
mayardarakshanan katrerh, namastasmai yamay ch॥8॥
nyayatharh yasy saverh tu, gachchhanti maranottaramh .
shubhashubhan phalan praptan, namastasmhau yamay ch॥9॥
sianhasanadhiroodhoatr, balavanapi papakrit .
yasyagre kampate trasath, tasmai namoantakay ch॥10॥
isake pashchath is sanskar ke vishesh krity arambh kiye jaean. kalash ki pradhan vedi par til ki ek chhoti dheri lagaean, usake oopar dipak rakhean. is dipak ke as-pas pushpoan ka ghera, guladasta adi se sajaean. chhote-chhote ate ke bane oopar ki or batti vale ghritadip bhi kinaroan par sima rekha ki tarah laga dean. upasthit log hath mean akshat lekar mritatma ke avahan ki bhavana karean aur pradhan dipak ki lau mean use prakashit hua dekhean. is avahan ka mantr Om vishve devas.. hai. samoohik mantrochchar ke bad hathoan mean rakhe chaval sthapana ki chauki par chho d diye jaean. avahit pitri ka svagat-samman shodashopachar ya panchopachar poojan dvara kiya jae.
avahan, poojan, namaskar ke uparant tarpan kiya jata hai. jal mean doodh, jau, chaval, chandan dal kar tarpan kary mean prayukt karate haian. mil sake, to ganga jal bhi dal dena chahie. tripti ke lie tarpan kiya jata hai. svagarsth atmaoan ki tripti kisi padarth se, khane-pahanane adi ki vastu se nahian hoti, kyoanki sthool sharir ke lie hi bhautik upakaranoan ki avashyakata p dati hai. marane ke bad sthool sharir samapt hokar, keval sookshm sharir hi rah jata hai. sookshm sharir ko bhookh-pyas, sardi-garmi adi ki avashyakata nahian rahati, usaki tripti ka vishay koee, khady padarth ya ha d-maans vale sharir ke lie upayukt upakaran nahian ho sakate. sookshm sharir mean vicharana, chetana aur bhavana ki pradhanata rahati hai, isalie usamean utkrisht bhavanaoan se bana antahkaran ya vatavaran hi shantidayak hota hai. is drishy sansar mean sthool sharir vale ko jis prakar indriy bhog, vasana, trishna evan ahankar ki poorti mean sukh milata hai, usi prakar pitaroan ka sookshm sharir shubh karm se utpann sugandh ka rasasvadan karate hue tripti ka anubhav karata hai. usaki prasannata tatha akaanksha ka kendr bindu shraddha hai. shraddha bhare vatavaran ke sannidhy mean pitar apani ashanti khokar anand ka anubhav karate haian, shraddha hi inaki bhookh hai, isi se unhean tripti hoti hai. isalie pitaroan ki prasannata ke lie shraddha evan tarpan kiye jate haian. in kriyaoan ka vidhi-vidhan itana saral evan itane kam kharch ka hai ki nidharn se nidharn vyakti bhi use asani se sampann kar sakata hai. tarpan mean pradhanataya jal ka hi prayog hota hai. use tho da sugandhit evan paripusht banane ke lie jau, til, chaval, doodh, phool jaisi do-char maangalik vastuean dali jati haian. kushaoan ke sahare jau ki chhoti-si aanjali mantrochcharapoovark dalane matr se pitar tript ho jate haian, kintu is kriya ke sath avashyak shraddha, kritajnata, sadbhavana, prem, shubhakamana ka samanvay avashy hona chahie. yadi shraddhajanli in bhavanaoan ke sath ki gayi hai, to tarpan ka uddeshy poora ho jayega, pitaroan ko avashyak tripti milegi, kintu yadi is prakar ki koee shraddha bhavana tarpan karane vale ke man mean nahian hoti aur keval lakir pitane ke matr pani idhar-udhar phailaya jata hai, to itane bhar se koee vishesh prayojan poorn n hoga, isalie in pitri-karmo ke karane vale yah dhyan rakhean ki in chhote-chhote kriya-krityoan ko karane ke sath-sath divangat atmaoan ke upakaroan ka smaran karean, unake sadgunoan tatha satkarmo ke prati shraddha vyakt karean.
kritajnata tatha samman ki bhavana unake prati rakhean aur yah anubhav karean ki yah jalaanjali jaise akianchan upakaranoan ke sath, apani shraddha ki abhivyakti karate hue svagiry atmaoan ke charanoan par apani sadbhavana ke pushp chadha raha hooan. is prakar ki bhavanaean jitani hi prabal hoangi, pitaroan ko utani hi adhik tripti milegi.
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