संयुक्त राष्ट्र
sanyukt rashtr
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| vivaran | 'sanyukt rashtr' ek aantararashtriy sangathan hai. isake chartar par 26 joon, 1945 ko sen phraansisko mean hastakshar hue, jo 24 aktoobar, 1945 ko lagoo hua. sanyukt rashtr ke pratik chinh mean jaitoon ki do shakhaean oopar ki or khuli haian aur unake bich halki nili prishtabhoomi mean vishv ka manachitr hai. |
| sthapana | 24 aktoobar, 1945 |
| mukhyalay | nyooy aaurk |
| adhikari bhashaean | arabi, chini, aangrezi, fraansisi, roosi, speni. |
| sadasy desh | 193 |
| adhyaksh | mahasachiv ban ki moon |
| mukhy uddeshy | sanyukt rashtr ka mukhy uddeshy vishv mean yuddh rokana, manav adhikaroan ki raksha karana, aantararashtriy kanoon ko nibhane ki prakriya jutana, samajik aur arthik vikas ubharana, jivan star sudharana aur bimariyoan se l dana hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | sanyukt rashtr mahasabha, sanyukt rashtr suraksha parishad |
| any janakari | dvitiy vishvayuddh ke vijeta deshoan ne milakar sanyukt rashtr ko antarrashtriy sangharsh mean hastakshep karane ke uddeshy se sthapit kiya tha. ve chahate the ki bhavishy me phir kabhi dvitiy vishvayuddh ki tarah ke yuddh n ubhar ae. |
sanyukt rashtr (aangrezi: United Nations) ek aantararashtriy sangathan hai, jisake uddeshy mean ullekh hai ki yah aantararashtriy qanoon ko suvidhajanak banane ke sahayog, antarrashtriy suraksha, arthik vikas, samajik pragati, manav adhikar aur vishv shaanti ke lie karyarat hai. sanyukt rashtr ki sthapana 24 aktoobar, 1945 ko sanyukt rashtr adhikar patr par 50 deshoan ke hastakshar hone ke sath huee. aj vishv ke har desh ek-doosare par adhikar jamane ke lie kh de rahate haian. kee deshoan mean aantarik kalah itana adhik ho chuka hai ki vahaan manaviy moolyoan ki ahuti di ja rahi hai. kee deshoan mean tanashahoan ka atank hai to atankavadi ae din logoan ki jiandagi se khel rahe haian. in sabako niyantran mean karane ke lie har desh apane star par to kam karate hi haian sath hi in sabake oopar najar rahati haian duniya ke sabase b di sangh ki. sanyukt rashtr sangh ke nam se mashahoor yah aantararashtriy sansthan jati, dharm aur desh se oopar uthakar poore sansar ke kalyan ke lie kam karata hai.
sthapana
pratham vishvayuddh ke bad 1929 mean rashtr sangh ka gathan kiya gaya tha. rashtr sangh kafi had tak prabhavahin tha aur sanyukt rashtr ka usaki jagah hone ka yah bahut b da phayada hai ki sanyukt rashtr apane sadasy deshoan ki senaoan ko shaanti ke lie tainat kar sakata hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh se poorv, pahale vishv yuddh ke bad rashtr sangh (lig aauf neshans) ki sthapana ki gee thi. isaka uddeshy kisi sanbhavit doosare vishv yudd ko rokana tha, lekin rashtr sangh 1930 ke dashak mean duniya ke yuddh ki taraf badhav ko rokane mean viphal raha aur 1946 mean ise bhang kar diya gaya. rashtr sangh ke dhaanche aur uddeshyoan ko 'sanyukt rashtr sangh' ne apanaya. 1944 mean amarika, briten, roos aur chin ne vashiangatan mean baithak ki aur ek vishv sanstha banane ki rooparekha par sahamat ho ge. is rooparekha ko adhar bana kar 1945 mean pachas deshoan ke pratinidhiyoan ke bich batachit huee. phir 24 aktoobar, 1945 ko ghoshana-patr ki shartoan ke anusar 'sanyukt rashtr sangh' ki sthapana huee. sanyukt rashtr sangh mean 193 sadasy haian. rashtroan ke svatantr hone ke sath hi poorv soviyat sangh ke vighatan ke bad isake sadasyoan ki sankhya mean lagatar badhottari huee. sanyukt rashtr sangh ko chalane ke lie sadasy desh yogadan karate haian. kisi desh ki kshamata ke adhar par yogadan tay kiya jata hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh mean amarika ka yogadan sabase adhik hai. sanyukt rashtr ki kee svatantr sansthaean bhi haian jo har mudde ko alag alag star par sulajhati haian- jaise khady evan krishi sangathan, aantararashtriy shram sangh, vishv baiank, yoonesko, vishv svasthy sangathan, adi.[1]
uddeshy
sanyukt rashtr ka mukhy uddeshy vishv mean yuddh rokana, manav adhikaroan ki raksha karana, aantararashtriy kanoon ko nibhane ki prakriya jutana, samajik aur arthik vikas ubharana, jivan star sudharana aur bimariyoan se l dana hai. is sangathan ne duniya bhar mean kee aham maukoan par manav jivan ki seva kar ek adarsh prastut kiya hai. vartaman vishv mean kee desh haian jo doosare deshoan par prabhutv jatane aur unhean h dapane ko taiyar rahate haian par sanyukt rashtr ki k di najar ki vajah se vah kuchh bhi nahian kar pate. chahe vishv mean shiksha ko badhava dena ho ya phir eds jaisi bimari ke prati jagarukata phailani ho ya takanik ko age badhana ho yah hamesha age rahata hai.[1]
| kr.san. | abhikaran |
|---|---|
| 1. | khady aur krishi sangathan |
| 2. | antarashtriy shram sangathan |
| 3. | vishv svasthy sangathan |
| 4. | shiksha, vijnan aur sanskriti sanbandhi sangathan -yoonesko |
| 5. | punarnirman aur vikas ke lie antarashtriy baiank-vishv baiank |
| 6. | antarashtriy mudra kosh |
| 7. | antarashtriy vitt nigam |
| 8. | antarashtriy doorasanchar sangh |
| 9. | antarashtriy doorasanchar uddayan sangathan |
| 10. | vishv mausam vijnan sangh |
| 11. | antarashtriy bal sankat kosh |
| 12. | antarashtriy samudr-paramarsh sangathan |
| 13. | antarashtriy paramanu oorja abhikaran |
| 14. | vishv dak sangh |
| 15. | sanyukt rashtr sharanarthi-uchchayukt |
pramukh aang
- mahasabha
- suraksha parishad
- arthik aur samajik parishad
- pranyas parishad
- antarashtriy nyayalay
- sachivalay
sanyukt rashtr mahasabha
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
mahasabha sanyukt rashtr ka sabase aham hissa hai. mahasabha kisi bhi mudde par bahas ke lie sanyukt rashtr sangh ka pramukh manch hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh mean yah ek akeli sanstha hai jisamean sabhi deshoan ke pratinidhi shamil hote haian. pratyek sadasy ka ek vot hota hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh mean sadasy desh aantararashtriy suraksha se lekar sanyukt rashtr sangh ke bajat tak kisi bhi mudde par vichar vimarsh kar sakate haian. mahasabha vichar-vimarsh ke bad apani sifarishean jari kar sakati hai lekin vo kisi desh ko in sifarishoan ko manane ke lie badhy nahian kar sakati. mahasabha, sadasy deshoan ke bich b di chiantaoan ko ghoshana ke roop apana sakati hai.
sanyukt rashtr suraksha parishad
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
suraksha parishad ko vishv shaanti aur suraksha banae rakhane ki zimmedari sauanpi gee hai. amarika, roos, chin, fraans aur briten isake paanch sthaee sadasy hai. suraksha parishad ke paanchoan sthaee sadasyoan ke pas kee aham adhikar hote haian isalie isako lekar kee bar vivad paida hote haian. 1945 mean sanyukt rashtr ki sthapana ke vakt usake sadasyoan ki sankhya 50 thi, jo aj badhakar 193 ho gee hai. in paiansath saloan ke dauran duniya bhi har lihaj se badal gee hai, lekin suraksha parishad mean duniya ke rashtroan ka pratinidhitv jas ka tas bana hua hai.[1]
- yoonesko
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yadi sanyukt rashtr ki koee aisi sanstha hai jisaki karyapranali par sabako yakin hai aur jisane sabase achchha kam kiya hai to vah yoonesko hi hai. is sanstha ka uddeshy shiksha, vijnan sanskriti aur sanchar ke madhyam se shaanti aur vikas ka prasar karana hai.
| kr.san. | sansthaean |
|---|---|
| 1. | antarashtriy vikas sangh |
| 2. | sanyukt rashtr audyogik vikas sanstha |
| 3. | vyapar tatha vikas hetoo sanyukt rashtr sammalen |
| 4. | vyapar tatha sima shulk par samany samajhauta |
| 5. | antarashtriy krishi vikas kosh |
| 6. | vishv bauddhik sanpatti sanstha |
| 7. | sanyukt rashtr paryavaran karyakram |
| 8. | antarashtriy doorasanchar upagrah sangh |
| 9. | sanyukt rashtr janasankhya gatividhiyoan se sambaddh kosh |
rochak tathy
- 73 deshoan ke 90 miliyan logoan ko sanyukt rashtr bhojan (khady padarth) muhaiya karata hai.
- sanyukt rashtr 100 se jyada deshoan mean jalavayu parivartan v oorja bachat ke lie karyakram chala raha hai.
- 36 miliyan sharanarthiyoan ko sahayata upalabdh kara raha hai.
- vishv ke 58 pratishat bhag mean tikakaran karyakram chala raha hai, jisase prativarsh 2.5 miliyan bachchoan ki jan bachaee ja rahi hai.
- 1,20,000 shaantidootoan aur 16 aaupareshan ke madhyam se sanyukt rashtr 4 mahadvipoan mean shaanti kayam rakhane ke lie karyakram chala raha hai.
- pichhale 30 saloan mean 370 miliyan gramin gariboan ki sthiti ko sanyukt rashtr ne behatar banaya hai.
- prativarsh 30 miliyan garbhavati mahilaoan ki jan bachane ka kary karata hai.
- sanyukt rashtr ne 80 se jyada deshoan ko svatantr karane mean mahatvapoorn bhoomika ada ki hai.[3]
sanyukt rashtr ki viphalataean
jab bhi ham sanyukt rashtr ki viphalataoan ke bare mean sochate haian ki akhir kyooan ek sanstha jo sabhi deshoan aur sabhi sarakaroan se ooanchi hai vah viphal ho jati hai. kahian isaka karan amerika to nahian? yah sab janate haian aj agar kisi ka sanyukt rashtr par sabase adhik asar hai to vah hai amerika. irak aur afaganistan mean jo kuchh hua kya use sanyukt rashtr dekh nahian paya. akhir kyooan kaango aur libiya jaise deshoan mean narasanhar hone diya gaya. aj irak, eeran aur afaganistan matr qabristan banakar rah ge haian jahaan log apane gharoan se nikalane mean bhi darate haian. akhir kyooan band haian is sanstha ki aankhean. afaganistan ko to khandahar bana diya gaya hai aur eeran mean aj bhi am janata samany jivan nahian ji pa rahi hai. amerika ka is sanstha par saph dabav dekha ja sakata hai. aisa nahian hai ki is sanstha ke sath sirph viphalataean hi ju di haian balki kee bar sathi deshoan ki jasoosi aur uchch adhikariyoan par yaun shoshan jaise arop bhi lage haian. viphalataoan ke bad agar saphalataoan par najar dalean to pata chalata hai ki sanyukt rashtr ne kee kshetroan mean achchha kam bhi kiya hai. yoonesko, yoonisef jaise sangathanoan ne am adami ke jivan ko asan banane mean khas yogadan diya hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh ne kuchh aise vishayoan par sarakaroan aur janata ka dhyan akarshit kiya hai, jo isake abhav mean achhoote v upekshit hi rah jate.[1]
sanyukt rashtr aur bharat
bharat ke sath sanyukt rashtr ka vyavahar hamesha samany hi raha. halaanki kuchhek maukoan par bharat ko is sanstha se nirasha hath lagi. varsh 1948 mean jammoo-kashmir samasya, varsh 1971 ka poorvi pakistan ka sankat aur vartaman atankavad ke mudde par jis tarah se sanyukt rashtr ne bharat ke sath vyavahar kiya usase am janata ka is par se tho da bharosa kam hua hai. sanyukt rashtr suraksha parishad mean bharat sthayi sadasyata ki davedari kar raha hai par use abhi tak yah darja hasil nahian hua hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 sanyukt rashtr sangh: saphalata ke 66 sal (hindi) (html) jagaran jankshan. abhigaman tithi: 14 joon, 2016.
- ↑ sanyukt rashtr sangh (hiandi) sanyukt-rashtra-sangh.blogspot.in. abhigaman tithi: 04 aktoobar, 2016.
- ↑ duniya ka sabase b da sangathan sanyukt rashtr (hiandi) livehindustan.com. abhigaman tithi: 04 aktoobar, 2016.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh