संस्कृति का निर्माण

bharatiy sanskriti vishv ki sarvadhik prachin evan samriddh sanskriti hai. any deshoan ki sanskritiyaan to samay ki dhara ke sath-sath nasht hoti rahi haian, kintu bharat ki sanskriti adi kal se hi apane paramparagat astitv ke sath ajar-amar bani huee hai. isaki udarata tatha samanyavadi gunoan ne any sanskritiyoan ko samahit to kiya hai, kintu apane astitv ke mool ko surakshit rakha hai. tabhi to pashchaty vidvan apane desh ki sanskriti ko samajhane hetu bharatiy sanskriti ko pahale samajhane ka paramarsh dete haian.

sanskriti ke nirmanak tattv

sanskriti ka nirman jin chhoti-b di bahut-si ikaiyoan se hota hai, unhian ko sanskriti ke nirmanak tattv ya upadan kaha jata hai. in tattvoan ka vivechan nimnalikhit hai-

sanskriti tattv -

hobel se anusar, ‘ek sanskriti tattv vyavahar ka roop ya is vyavahar se utpann ek bhautik vastu hai, jise saanskritik vyavahar ki sabase chhoti ikaee mana jata hai.’ sanskriti tattv ke mahatv ko batate hue thobenk ne likha hai, ‘sanskriti tattv un eetoan ke saman haian, jinake dvara sampoorn samaj ki sanskriti ka nirman hota hai.’ is prakar yah kaha ja sakata hai ki bhautik abhautik kshetr mean sanskriti tattv un sabhi vastuoan, jisaka karyatmak drishtikon se aur adhik vibhajan nahian kiya ja sakata. sanskriti tattv mean parivartan tatha gatishilata bhi paee jati hai. lekin keval akela sanskriti tattv manushy ki kisi avashyakata ki poorti karane mean saksham nahian hota. jab anek sanskriti tattv paraspar uddeshyapoorn tarike se sanyukt ho jate haian, tab hi ve manushy ki kisi vishesh avashyakata ki poorti kar pate haian.

sanskriti samagr -

• jab anek sanskriti tattv vyavasthit roop se sanyukt hokar manushy ki kinhian avashyakataoan ki poorti karate haian, tab sanskriti tattvoan ke sanyukt roop ko sanskriti samagr kaha jata hai.
• hobel ke anusar, ‘sanskriti samagr paraspar ghanishth roop se sambandhit sanskriti tattvoan ka ek jal hai.’
• sadaralaind evan vudavard ke anusar, ‘sanskriti samagr anek sanskriti tattvoan ki vah sampoornata hai, jo arthapoorn sambandhoan dvara paraspar samaveshtit rahate haian.’

is prakar sanskriti samagr sanskriti tattvoan ka ek puanj hoti hai, jo ki anek saanskritik niyamoan ke anusar vyavasthit hoti hai aur isaka nirman karane vale sabhi paraspar sambandhit hote haian.

sanskriti pratiman-

• harsakovits ke anusar, ‘sanskriti shabdoan ka vah roop, jo ek samaj ke sadasyoan ke vyavahar pratimanoan ke madhyam se vyakt hota hua jivan ki vidhi ko ekaroopata, nirantarata aur vishisht roop deta hai, sanskriti pratiman kahalata hai.’
• rooth benedikt ke anusar, ‘sanskriti ke anek upavibhagoan se banane vale mahattvapoorn aangoan ko hi sanskriti pratiman kahate haian.’
• isi prakar sadaralaind tatha vudavard ne likha hai ki, ‘jab anek sanskriti samagr paraspar sambandhit hokar ek vishesh sanskriti ka samany chitr prastut karane lagate haian, tab isi sambaddhata ko ham sanskriti pratiman kahate haian. is prakar spasht hota hai ki sanskriti pratiman anek sanskriti samagroan ka ek vyavasthit sangathan hai. udaharan ke lie - bharatiy sanskriti mean jati pratha, sanyukt parivar, vivah sanskar, karm siddhant jaise kuchh vishesh sanskriti pratiman haian, jo ek b di sima tak bharatiy sanskriti ka ek samany chitr prastut kar dete haian.’

sanskriti kshetr-

klark visalar ke anusar, ‘sanskriti kshetr ka ashay us bhaugolik pradesh se hai, jisamean anek jan-jatiyaan tulanatmak roop se saman saanskritik visheshataoan ke sath svatantr roop se nivas karati haian.’ doosare shabdoan mean, pratyek sanskriti se sambandhit sanskriti samagroan tatha sanskriti pratimanoan ka ek nishchit kshetr hota hai tatha isi kshetr se usaka prasar ek vishesh bhaugolik kshetr mean ho jata hai. jis bhaugolik kshetr mean lagabhag saman saanskritik visheshataean vidyaman hoti haian, usako ham ek sanskriti kshetr kahakar sambodhit karate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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