सर्वेश्वर दयाल सक्सेना
sarveshvar dayal saksena
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| poora nam | sarveshvar dayal saksena |
| janm | 15 sitambar, 1927 |
| janm bhoomi | zila basti, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 23 sitambar, 1983 |
| mrityu sthan | nee dilli |
| abhibhavak | vishveshvar dayal |
| pati/patni | vimala devi |
| karm bhoomi | ilahabad, varanasi, dilli |
| karm-kshetr | kavi, lekhak, patrakar, natakakar |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'khooantiyoan par tange log' (kavy sangrah), 'pagal kuttoan ka masiha' (laghu upanyas), 'bakari' (natak), 'batoota ka joota' (bal sahity) adi. |
| bhasha | hiandi |
| vidyalay | kvians k aaulej, varanasi |
| shiksha | em.e. |
| puraskar-upadhi | sahity akadami puraskar (1983) |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | ‘kuchh rang kuchh gandh’ shirshak se inaka ek yatra-vrittaant bhi prakashit hua. isake sath-sath inhoanne ‘shamasher’ aur ‘nepali kavitaean’ namak kritiyoan ka sanpadan bhi kiya. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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sarveshvar dayal saksena (aangrezi: Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena, janm: 15 sitambar, 1927; mrityu: 23 sitambar, 1983) prasiddh kavi evan sahityakar the. sarveshvar dayal saksena 'tisare saptak' ke mahatvapoorn kaviyoan mean se ek the. kavita ke atirikt unhoanne kahani, natak aur bal sahity bhi racha. unaki rachanaoan ka anek bhashaoan mean anuvad bhi hua. akashavani mean sahayak nirmata; dinaman ke upasanpadak tatha parag ke sanpadak rahe. yadyapi sarveshvar dayal saksena ka sahityik jivan kavy se praranbh hua tathapi ‘charache aur charakhe’ stambh mean dinaman mean chhape apake lekh vishesh lokapriy rahe. san 1983 mean kavita sangrah ‘khooantiyoan par tange log’ ke lie sarveshvar dayal saksena ko sahity akadami puraskar se navaja gaya.[1]
jivan parichay
sarveshvar dayal saksena ka janm 15 sitanbar, 1927 ko vishveshvar dayal ke ghar hua. phalatah sarveshvar ji ki aranbhik shiksha-diksha bhi zila basti, uttar pradesh mean hi huee. bachapan se hi ve vidrohi prakriti ke the. unaki rachana tatha patrakarita mean unaka lekhan isaki banagi pesh karata hai. isi karan jab ve basti ke rajakiy haeeskool mean navian kaksha mean padh rahe the, rajanitik chuhalabaji ke karan unhean k aaulej se nikal diya gaya. phir sarveshvar ko eanglo sanskrit haeeskool, basti ke pradhanachary shri chakravarchi ne sharan di. isi vidyalay se sarveshvar ji ne 1941 mean haeeskool ki pariksha uttirn ki. is sabake bich basti ka gramy parivesh, aanchalikata, shahar ke kinare bahane vali kuano nadi, bhujainiya ka pokhara adi pratik sarveshvar ke bhole man ko prabhavit karate rahe. mati ki yah mahak tatha jivan ke santrasoan ko ve tazindagi nahian bhoole.
shiksha ke sath naukari
sarveshvar ji ke pita vishveshvar dayal ji ne b di mehanat se malaviy rod sthit anathalay ke pas ek chhota sa ghar banava liya. isi ne ghar mean sarveshvar ke chhote bhaee evan chhoti bahan ka janm hua. is dauran sarveshvar ji ki maan ka tabadala basti se baansagaanv, gorakhapur aur phir varanasi ho gaya. sarveshvar bhi adhyayan ke lie apani maan ke sath varanasi chale ge. 1943 mean unhoanne varanasi ke kvians k aaulej se intaramidiyat ki pariksha uttirn ki. san 1944-45 mean arthik vipannata aur bahan ki shadi hetu paisa ekatr karane hetu sarveshvar ne padhaee chho d di. vastav mean sarveshvar ji ke parivar ki arthik dasha kabhi achchhi n rahi.
sarveshvar ne basti ke khair indastriyal intar k aaulej mean naukari bhi ki. yahaan unhean 60 rupe pratimah vetan prapt ho raha tha. ve isake bad jyada dinoan tak basti n rah pae. unaki dili tamanna kuchh kar dikhane ki thi. isi abhilasha ko hriday mean sanjoe ve basti se prayag (ilahabad) pahuanch ge. ilahabad se unhoanne bi.e. aur sanh 1949 mean em.e. ki pariksha uttirn ki. 1949 ka yah sal patrakar sarveshvar ke marmantak pi da dene vala sabit hua aur unaki pyari maan apane svasthy evan arthik vipannata ko jhelate hue unase hamesha ke lie bichhu d gee. us varsh ghor duahkh evan vipannata ko sahate hue sarveshvar kisi prakar lagabhag char mah apane pita ke sath basti rahe. yahian unhoanne prakhyat urdoo shayar tarashankar ‘nashad’ ke sath ‘parimal’ (sahityik sanstha) ki sthapana ki.[2]
patrakarita
sarveshvar ji ko e.ji. aauphis, ilahabad ke sekretari, jo svayan sahityik ruchi ke the, tar dekar prayag bulaya. sarveshvar ji prayag pahuanche aur unhean e.ji. aauphis mean pramukh dispaichar ke pad par kary mil gaya. aauphis ke pramukh adhikari sarveshvar ji ki sahityik ruchiyoan se khase prabhavit the, isake chalate unhean vahaan kam mean bahut svatantrata mili. is prakar sarveshvar ke lie yah naukari varadan sabit huee tatha prayag ke sahityik-saanskritik vatavaran mean unhean ramane evan behatar rachane ka mauka mila. ve e.ji. aauphis mean 1955 tak rahe. tatpashchat aaul iandiya rediyo ke sahayak sanpadak (hiandi samachar vibhag) pad par apaki niyukti ho gee. is pad par dilli mean ve 1960 tak rahe. san 1960 ke bad ve dilli se lakhanoo rediyo steshan a ge. 1964 mean lakhanoo rediyo ki naukari ke bad ve kuchh samay bhopal evan iandaur rediyo mean bhi karyarat rahe.
'dinaman' evan 'parag' ka sampadan
san 1964 mean jab dinaman patrika ka prakashan aranbh hua to varishth patrakar evan sahityakar sachchidanand hiranand vatsyayan ‘ajney’ ke agrah par ve pad se tyagapatr dekar dilli a ge aur dinaman se ju d ge. ‘ajney’ ji ke sath patrakarita ke kshetr mean unhoanne kafi kuchh sikha. 1982 mean pramukh bal patrika parag ke sampadak bane. is bich unaki patni vimala devi ka nidhan ho gaya. tatpashchath sarveshvar ki bahan yashoda devi ne akar unaki donoan bachchiyoan ko matritv bhav se lalan-pan kiya. parag ke sanpadak ke roop mean apane hiandi bal patrakarita ko ek naya shilp evan ayam diya. navanbar 1982 mean parag ka sanpadan sanbhalane ke bad ve mrityuparyant usase ju de rahe.[2]
sahityik parichay
samakalin hiandi sahity evan patrakarita mean jahaan tak janata se ju de qalamakaroan ka saval hai, sarveshvar dayal saksena apani bahumukhi rachanatmak pratibha ke sath ek javab ki tarah samane ate haian. kavita ho ya kahani, natak ho ya patrakarita, unaki janapratibaddhata har morche par kamayab hai.
katha sahity
sarveshvar dayal saksena ek kathakar evan upanyasakar ke roop mean bhi hiandi sahity sansar mean samadrit hue. vishvavidyaliy jivan mean hi unhean unaki kahaniyoan ke lie puraskar mile. apana lekhak jivan unhoanne vastutah ek kathakar ke roop mean aranbh kiya. san 1950 tak ve kahaniyaan likhate rahe. tin-char saloan bad unhoanne phir kahaniyaan likhian. isi samay unaka laghu upanyas ‘soya hua jal’ chhapakar aya, phir unaka upanyas ‘u de hue rang’ chhapa. ek any katha sangrah ‘aandhere par aandhera’ ki khasi charcha huee.
kavy sahity
sarveshvar dayal saksena ek behad sanvedanashil kavi sabit hue. kahani ke bad ve kavita lekhan ke kshetr mean 1950 mean ae. kam samay mean unhoanne apane samay ke logoan mean jo khas jagah darj karaee, usase ve hiandi kavita ke pramukh hastakshar ban ge. 1959 mean ajney ke sanpadan mean prakashit ‘tisara saptak’ ke kavi ke roop mean pahachane ge. unake kavita sangrah ‘khooantiyoan par tange log’ par unhean sahity akadami puraskar bhi mila. sahi arthoan mean sarveshvar nee kavita ke adhishthata kaviyoan mean ek the. sarveshvar ke kavy ne nee kavita ki shakti aur samarthy ko ek nee arthavatta pradan ki, bhavanatmak bhavoan se hatakar vicharoan ki thos bhoomi par apani pramanikata siddh ki hai. apani janaparak manasikata, samajik satyoan ko ujagar karane ke anavarat prayas, santulit sanvedana aur apani belag kiantu bharatiy lok paranpara evan sanskriti se sidhe-sidhe ju di huee kavyabhasha ki vishishtata ke karan sarveshvar nee kavita ke pratinidhi kavi mane ge. sarveshvar ne natak, upanyas, kahani ke saman patrakarita ke kshetr mean bhi anek ooanchaiyaan prapt ki lekin unaka kavi vyaktitv hi sarvadhik prakhar hai. prakhyat alochak d aau. krishnadatt palival manate haian ki “samasamayik jivan-sandarbhoan, samasyaoan se sidhe ju dane ke karan unaki taji sanvedanatmak kshamata ek kshamata sanpann kavi ke kavy ko navin vicharoan-drishtiyoan se bhara-poora bana rahi hai .” palival manate haian ki sarveshvar ke kavi ne lagata apane ko vikasit, parishkrit karate hue dharadar banaya hai.
sarveshvar ki kavita mean bhasha ki kamadhenu ka doodh itana taja evan jivanaprad hai ki nee kavita ka sansar usase pusht hi hua hai. samajik parivartan ko lagatar najarul islam ki tarah arajakatavadi svar ki tarah pahachanate haian. samajik vyavastha ke vidrohapoorn kshan mean ve apane se bhi vidror karate haian–
“maian jahaan hota hooan
vahaan se chal p data hooan
aksar ek vyatha
ek yatra ban jati hai.”[3]
apani kavita aur apane uddeshy ko ve poore khulepan se svikarate haian aur kahate haian–
“ab maian kavi nahian rah
ek kala jhanda hooan .
tirapan karo d bhauanhoan ke bich matam mean
kh di hai meri kavita.”
prakhyat kavi kuanvar narayan manate haian ki, “sarveshvar moolatah apane tivr avegoan aur uttejanaoan vale vyakti the, jinaka poora asar unake lekhan aur unake apasi sanbandhoan donoan par p data tha. bauddhikata ki barikiyoan aur kat-chhaant mean ve jyada nahian p date the. jise tivrata se mahasoos karate the, us par vishvas karate aur use utani hi tivrata se shabd dete. yah unake lekhan ki takat thi.” kavi raghuvir sahay ka kahana tha ki “sarveshvar ne kavita ko ek naya roop diya aur ek nee bhasha ki khoj ki.”
naty sahity
sarveshvar dayal saksena ne ek natakakar ke roop mean apani alag pahachan darj karaee. unake natakoan mean ‘bakari’ sarvadhik charchit hua, jisake dheroan manchan hue. unake natakoan mean rajanitik vidroopataoan evan yathasthitivad ke khilaf tikha vyangy milata hai. ve apane patroan ke madhyam se desh ki s daandh marati rajanitik vyavastha par sidhi chot karate najar ate haian. isake alava unhoanne l daee, ab garibi hatao, kal bhat aega, havalat, roopamati bajabahadur, hori ghoom machori namak natak evan ekaanki likhe. bachchoan ke lie unhoanne bhoan-bhoan-khoan-khoan tatha lakh ki nak namak natak likhe.
any
isake alava sarveshvar ne prakhyat kavi shamasher bahadur sianh par kendrit shamasher ka sanpadan bhi kiya. unhoanne nepali kavitaean shirshak se ek kavy sangrah ka bhi sanpadan kiya. unhoanne yatra sansmaran bhi likhe, jo kuchh rang-kuchh gandh nam se chhapakar aya hai. bachchoan ke lie unhoanne kafi sahity likha. unake do bal kavita sangrah 'batoota ka joota' evan 'mahangoo ki taee' nam se chhap chuke haian.[2]
rachanaean
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soviyat katha sangrah 1978 mean sat mahatvapoorn kahaniyoan ka roosi anuvad.
(ekaanki natak em.ke. raina ke nirdeshan mean prayog dvara 1979 mean manchit
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nidhan
23 sitanbar, 1983 ko nee dilli mean sarveshvar dayal saksena ka nidhan ho gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sarveshvar dayal saksena (hiandi) kavyaanchal. abhigaman tithi: 4 sitambar, 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 dvivedi, sanjay. sarveshvar – jivan parichay evan rachanatmak ayam (hindi) sarveshvaradayal saksena aur unaki patrakarita. abhigaman tithi: 4 sitambar, 2014.
- ↑ aksar ek vyatha
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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