सर्वोदय -महात्मा गाँधी

sarvoday aangrez lekhak raskin ki ek pustak hai- 'anatoo dis last'- is aantavale ko bhi. is pustak mean mukhy: tin batean bataee gee haian-

1. vyakti ka shrey samashti ke shrey mean nihit hai.
2. vakil ka kam ho ya naee ka, donoan ka mooly saman hi hai, kyoanki pratyek vyakti ko apane vyavasay dvara ajivika chalane ka saman adhikar hai.
3. mazadoor, kisan aur karigar ka jivan hi sachcha aur sarvotkrisht jivan hai.

baibil ki ek kahani

is pustak ke nam ka adhar baibil ki ek kahani hai. aangoor ke ek bag ke malik ne apane bag mean kam karane ke lie kuchh mazadoor rakhe. mazadoori tay huee ek peni roj. dopahar ko aur tisare pahar sham ko jo bekar mazadoor malik ke pas ae, unhean bhi usane kam par laga diya. kam samapt hone par sabako ek peni mazadoori di, jitani subah vale ko, utani hi sham vale ko. is par kuchh mazadooroan ne shikayat ki, to malik ne kaha, "maianne tumhare prati koee anyay to kiya nahian. kya tumane ek peni roj par kam manjoor nahian kiya tha. tab apani mazadoori le lo aur ghar jao. maian aant vale ko bhi utani hi mazadoori dooanga, jitani pahale vale ko."

subah vale ko jitana, sham vale ko bhi utana hi-pratham vyakti ko jitana, aantim vyakti ko bhi utana hi, isamean samanata aur advait ka vah tatv samaya hai, jisapar sarvoday ka vishal prasad kh da hai.

gaandhi ji ka anuvad

raskin ki is pustak ka gaandhi ji ne gujarati mean anuvad kiya 'sarvoday' ke nam se. sarvoday arthath‌ sabaka uday, sabaka vikas. sarvoday bharat ka purana adarsh hai. hamare rrishiyoan ne gaya hai-'sarvepi sukhin: santu'. sarvoday shabd bhi naya nahian hai. jain muni samantabhadr kahate haian-sarvapadamantakaran nirantan sarvodayan tirthamidan tavaiv'. 'sarv khalvidan brahm', 'vasudhaiv kutuanbakan', athava 'soahamh‌' aur 'tattvamasi' ke hamare puratan adarshoan mean 'sarvoday' ke siddhaant aantarnihit hai.

sarvoday ka adarsh

'sarvoday' ka adarsh hai advait aur usaki niti hai samanvay. manavakrit vishamata ka vah aant karana chahata hai aur prakritik vishamata ko ghatana chahata hai. jivamatr ke lie samadar aur pratyek vyakti ke prati sahanubhooti hi sarvoday ka marg hai. jiv matr ke lie sahanubhati ka yah apoot jab jivan mean pravahit hota hai, tab sarvoday ki lata mean surabhipoorn suman khilate haian. darvin ne kaha-'prakriti ka niyam hai, b di machhali chhoti machhali ko khakar jivit rahati hai.' haksale ne kaha- jio aur jine do.' sarvoday kahata hai-'tum doosaroan ko jilane ke lie jio.' doosaroan ko apana banane ke lie prem ka vistar karana hoga, ahiansa ka vikas karana hoga aur shoshan ko samapt kar aj ke samajik moolyoan mean parivartan karana hoga.'
vinoba bhave kahate haian-

'sarvoday' aise vargavihin, jativihin aur shoshanamukt samaj ki sthapana karana chahata hai, jisamean pratyek vyakti aur samooh ko apane sarvaangin vikas ka sadhan aur avasar mile. vinoba kahate haian-'jab ham sarvoday ka vichar karate haian, tab ooanch-nich bhavashali varnavyavastha divar ki tarah samane kh di ho jati hai. use to de bina sarvoday sthapit nahian hoga. sarvoday ko saphal banane ke lie jatibhed mitana hoga aur arthik vishamata door karani hogi. inako mitane se hi sarvoday samaj banega.'

samaj rachana

'sarvoday aisi samaj rachana chahata hai jimean varn, varg, dharm, jati, bhasha adi ke adhar par kisi samuday ka n to sanhar ho, n bahishkar ho. sarvoday ki samaj rachana aisi hogi, jo sarv ke nirman aur sarv ki shakti se sarv ke hit mean chale, jisamean kam ya adhik sharirik samarthy ke logoan ko samaj ka sanrakshan saman roop se prapt ho aur sabhi tuly parishramik (ikvitebal vejej) ke hakadar mane jaean. vijnan aur lokatantr ke is yug mean sarv ki kraanti ka hi mooly hai aur vahi sare vikas ka mapadand hai. sarv ki kraanti mean pooanji aur buddhi mean paraspar sangharsh ki guanjaish nahian hai. ve saman star par paraspar poorak shaktiyaan haian. svabhavat: sarvoday ki samaj rachana mean aantim vyakti samaj ki chianta ka sabase pahale adhikari hai.

niyam

sarvoday samaj ki rachana vyaktigat jivan ki shuddhi par hi ho sakati hai. jo vrat niyam vyaktigat jivan mean 'mukti' ke sadhan haian ve hi jab samajik jivan mean bhi vyavahrit hoange, tab sarvoday samaj banega. vinoba kahate haian-'sarvoday ki drishti se jo samaj rachana hogi, usaka aranbh apane jivan se karana hoga. niji jivan mean asaty, hiansa, parigrah adi hua to sarvoday nahian hoga, kyoanki sarvoday samaj ki vishamata ko ahiansa se hi mitana chahata hai. samyavadi ka dhyey bhi vishamata mitana hai, parantu is achchhe sadhy ke lie vah chahe jaisa sadhan istemal kar sakata hai, parantu sarvoday ke lie sadhanashuddhi bhi avashyak hai.'

samajavadi

gaandhi ji bhi kahate hai-'samajavad ka praranbh pahale samajavadi se hota hai. agar ek bhi aisa samajavadi ho, to usapar shoony badhae ja sakate haian. har shoony se usaki kimat dasaguna badh jaegi, lekin agar pahala aank shoony ho, to usake age kitane hi shoony badhae jaean, usaki kimat phir bhi shoony hi rahegi.' isilie gaandhi ji saty, ahiansa, astey, aparigrah, brahmachary, asvad, sharirashram, nirbhayata, sarvadharmasamanvay, asprishyata aur svadeshi adi vratoan ke palan par itana jor dete the.

parishramik ki samanata

jitana vetan naee ko utana hi vetan vakil ko. 'anatoo dis last' ka yah tatv sarvoday mean poornat: grihit hai. samyavad bhi parishramik mean samanata chahata hai. yah tatv donoan mean saman hai.

pratiyogita ka abhav

pratiyogita sangharsh ko janm deti hai. samyavadi ke lie sangharsh to param tatv hi hai. parantu sarvoday sangharsh ko nahian, sahakar ko manata hai. sangharsh mean hiansa hai. sarvoday ka sara bhavan hi ahiansa ki nianv par kh da hai.

sadhan shuddhi

samyavad sadhy ki prapti ke lie sadhan shuddhi ko avashyak nahian manata. sarvoday mean sadhan shuddhi pramukh hai. sadhy bhi shuddh aur sadhan bhi shuddh.

trastiship ki yojana

anuvanshik sanskaroan se labh uthane ke lie trastiship ki yojana ke vishay mean vinoba kahate haian- "sanpatti ki vishamata kritrim vyavastha ke karan paida huee hai, aisa manakar use chho d bhi dean, to manushy ki sharirik aur bauddhik shakti ki vishamata poori tarah door nahian ho sakati. shikshan aur niyaman se yah vishamata kuchh aansh tak kam ki ja sakati. kiantu adarsh ki sthiti mean is vishamata ke sarvatha abhav ki kalpana nahian ki ja sakati. isalie sharir, buddhi aur sanpatti in tinoan mean se jo jise prapt ho, use yahi samajhana chahie ki vah sabake hit ke lie hi mili hai. yahi trastaship ka bhav hai. apani shakti aur sanpatti ka trasti ke nate hi manushyamatr ke hit ke lie prayog karana chahie. trastiship mean aparigrah ki bhavana nihit hai. samyavad mean anuvanshikata ke lie koee sthan nahian hai. usaki niti to abhijaty ke sanhar ki rahi hai."

vikeandrikaran

sarvoday satta aur sanpatti ka vikeandrikaran chahata hai jisase shoshan aur daman se bacha ja sake. keandrikrit audyogikaran ke is yug mean to yah aur bhi avashyak ho gaya hai. vikeandrikaran ki yahi prakriya jab satta ke vishay mean lagoo ki jati hai, tab isaki nishpatti hoti hai shasanamukt samaj mean. samyavadi ki kalpana mean bhi rajasatta tej garmi mean rakhe hu ghi ki tarah aant mean pighal janevali hai. parantu usake pahale use jame hue ghi ki tarah hi nahian, balki tratski ke sir par mare hue hathau de ki tarah, thos aur majaboot hona chahie. (gramasvarajy). parantu gaandhi ji ne adi, madhy aur aant tinoan sthitiyoan mean vikeandrikaran aur shasanamuktata ki bat kahi hai. yahi sarvoday ka marg hai. is samay sansar mean utpadan ke sadhanoan ke svamitv ki do paddhatiyoan prachalit haian-

1. niji svamitv (praivet onaraship)
2. sarakar svamitv (stet onaraship).

• niji svamitv pooanjivad hai, pooanjivad mean shoshan hai,
• sarakar svamitv samyavad, samyavad mean daman.
• bharat ki paranpara, usaki pratibha aur usaki paristhiti, tinoan ki maang hai ki vah rajanitik aur arthik sangathan ki koee tisari hi paddhati vikasit kare, jisase pooanjivad ke 'niji abhikram' aur samyavad ke 'samoohik hit' ka labh to mil jae, kiantu unake doshoan se bacha ja sake. gaandhi ji ki 'trastiship' aur 'gramasvarajy' ki kalpana aur vinoba ki is kalpana par adharit 'gramadan-gram svarajy' ki vistrit yojana mean, donoan ke doshoan ka parihar aur gunoan ka upayog kiya gaya hai. yahaan svamitv n niji hai, n sarakar ka, balki gaanv ka hai, jo svayatt hai. is tarah sarvoday ki yah kraanti ek nee vyavastha sansar ke samane prastut kar rahi hai'.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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