हड़प्पा सभ्यता और शूद्र

	h dappa sabhyata aur shoodr
	charmakar ka abhikalpit chitr\|200px\|center
vivaran	shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai.
utpatti	shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha.
pauranik sandarbh	vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.
vaidik paranpara	atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha. paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya.
aitihasik sandarbh	shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian.
arthik sthiti	uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha.
madhy kal	kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya.
adhunik kal	vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian.
sanbandhit lekh	varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara
any janakari	pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.

isamean sandeh nahian ki h dappa samuday ki shahari abadi mean jo arthik vishamata thi, vah lagabhag vargabhed jaisi thi.^[5] vhilar ki ray hai ki h dappa aur mesopotamiya ke nivasiyoan ke bich das vyapar bhi hua karata tha.^[6] yah manana yuktisangat hai ki h dappa ki shahari abadi ka vikas nikatavarti dehatoan ke kisanoan dvara atirikt krishi utpadanoan ki apoorti ke bina nahian ho sakata tha. siandhu ghati ka rajanitik dhaancha sumer ke rajanitik dhaanche jaisa mana gaya hai, jahaan purohit raja ajnashil praja par sugathit afasarashahi ke madhyam se rajy karata tha.^[7] hamean maloom nahian ki h dappa samaj ke vibhinn vargoan aur logoan ke sath dasyuoan aur dasoan ka kaisa sambandh tha. jo bhi ho, rrigvaidik aryoan ke ane ke pahale saiandhav sabhyata pray: nasht ho chuki thi. ganga ki ghati mean ary jyoan-jyoan poorab ki or badhate ge, unhean sambhavataya taanbe ke hathiyar rakhane vale logoan ka mukabala karana p da, jo us kshetr ke prachin nivasi the.^[8] ho sakata hai ki tamrayug ke any logoan ki bhaanti ye log bhi vargoan mean bante rahe hoange.

tathy upalabdh n rahane ke karan h dappa samaj ke bache hue logoan aur aryoan ke bich kya adan-pradan hue, yah kahana kathin hai. chahe ye anary jo bhi hoan, rrigved se to lagata hai ki unake dhan ko aryoan ne avashy loota. yuddh mean apaharan ki gee sampatti se janajati ke netaoan ka aishvary aur samajik darja avashy hi badha hoga aur unhoanne maveshi aur dasiyoan ka dan kar purohitoan ka sanrakshan kiya hoga. rrigved ki danastuti se yah spasht hai. is prakar rrigved mean rath par jate hue yajaman ko ‘dhanavan, data aur sabhaoan mean sanstut’ ke roop mean chitrit kiya gaya hai.^[9]

vishh ki sahaj pravritti

aisa pratit hota hai ki aryoan ke vistar ke pahale daur mean bastiyoan aur dasyuoan jaise logoan ka vinash itana adhik kiya gaya ki ne samaj mean aryoan ke vilayan hetu uttar-pashchimi bharat mean bahut kam hi log bach rahe hoange, halaanki bad mean unake vistar ke kramoan mean aisi sthiti nahian bhi rahi hogi. ek or to bache hue logoan mean se adhikaansh logoan aur visheshat: apekshakrit pichh de varg ke logoan ko dasata svikar karani p di hogi tatha doosari or aryoan ke samaj mean ‘vishh’ ki sahaj pravritti yahi rahi hogi ki nimn varg mean vilayan karean. ary purohitoan aur yoddhaoan ki pravritti prachin samaj ke uchch varg se mil jane ki rahi hogi. do aise prasang mile haian, jinase spasht hota hai ki kuchh mamaloan mean ary ke dushmanoan ko is ne aur mishrit samaj mean ooancha darja diya gaya tha. ek sthal par kaha gaya hai ki indr ne dasoan ko ary mean parivartit kiya.^[10] sayan ki tika ke anusar unhean aryoan ke jivan ke taur-tarike sikhae jate the. ek any prasang mean charcha aee hai ki indr ne dasyuoan ko ary ki upadhi se vanchit kar diya.^[11] kya isase yah anuman kiya jae ki kuchh dasyuoan ko ary ki haisiyat dekar phir unhean apane aryavirodhi karyakalapoan ke karan usase vanchit kar diya gaya hoga ? in tathyoan ke adhar par ham anuman karate haian ki bairiyoan ke bache hue purohitoan aur pramukhoan ko aryoan ke ne samaj mean unake upayukt sthan (sambhavat: nimnatar koti ka) diya gaya hoga.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33
↑ atharvaved 19, 32, 8
↑ ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164
↑ gautam dharmasootr 12, 5
↑ chaild : d most enashieant eest, prishth 175.
↑ vhilar : ‘d iandas sivilijeshan’, (saplimeant valyoom tu keanbrij histri aauf iandiya, I), prishth 94.
↑ maike : ‘arli iandas sivilijeshans’, prishth XII-XIII.
↑ lal : ‘enashieant indiya’, san. 9, prishth 93.
↑ rrigved, II. 27.12.
↑ rrigved, VI. 22.1. ‘yaya dasarnyani vritr karo vajrintsulooka nahushani’.
↑ rrigved, X. 49.3. ‘ahan shooshnasy shnathita vadharyaman n yo rar ary nam dasyave’.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] vedaantasootr- 1, 44, 33

[2] tharvaved 19, 32, 8

[3] ramasharan sharma pri. 163-164

[4] utam dharmasootr 12, 5

[5] : d most enashieant eest, prishth 175.

[6] vhilar : ‘d iandas sivilijeshan’, (saplimeant valyoom tu keanbrij histri aauf iandiya, I), prishth 94.

[7] : ‘arli iandas sivilijeshans’, prishth XII-XIII.

[8] : ‘enashieant indiya’, san. 9, prishth 93.

[9] rrigved, II. 27.12.

[10] rrigved, VI. 22.1. ‘yaya dasarnyani vritr karo vajrintsulooka nahushani’.

[11] rrigved, X. 49.3. ‘ahan shooshnasy shnathita vadharyaman n yo rar ary nam dasyave’.

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h dappa sabhyata aur shoodr
charmakar ka abhikalpit chitr\|200px\|center
vivaran	shoodr bharatiy samaj vyavastha mean chaturth varn ya jati hai.
utpatti	shoodr shabd moolat: videshi hai aur sanbhavat: ek parajit anary jati ka mool nam tha.
pauranik sandarbh	vayu puran ka kathan hai ki shok karake dravit hone vale paricharyarat vyakti shoodr haian. bhavishyapuran mean shruti ki druti (avashishtaansh) prapt karane vale shoodr kahalae.^[1]
vaidik paranpara	atharvaved mean kalyani vak (ved) ka shravan shoodroan ko vihit tha.^[2] paranpara hai ki aitarey brahman ka rachayita mahidas itara (shoodr) ka putr tha. kiantu bad mean vedadhyayan ka adhikar shoodroan se le liya gaya.
aitihasik sandarbh	shoodr janajati ka ullekh dayodoras, t aaulmi aur hven tsaang bhi karate haian.
arthik sthiti	uttar vaidik kal mean shoodr ki sthiti das ki thi athava nahian^[3] is vishay mean nishchit nahian kaha ja sakata. vah karmakar aur paricharya karane vala varg tha.
madhy kal	kabir, raidas, pipa is kal ke prasiddh shoodr sant haian. asam ke shankaradev dvara pravartit mat, panjab ka sikkh sanpraday aur maharashtr ke barakari sanpraday ne shoodr mahattv dharmik kshetr mean pratishthit kiya.
adhunik kal	vebar, bhimarav ambedakar, zimar aur ramasharan sharma kramash: shoodroan ko moolat: bharatavarsh mean prathamagat aryaskandh, kshatriy, brahuee bhashi aur abhir sanbaddh manate haian.
sanbandhit lekh	varn vyavastha, brahman, vaishy, kshatriy, charmakar, mina, kumhar, das, bhil, banjara
any janakari	pad se utpann hone ke karan padaparicharya shoodroan ka vishisht vyavasay hai. dvijoan ke sath asan, shayan vak aur path mean samata ki ichchha rakhane vala shoodr dandy hai.^[4]