हल्दीघाटी

haldighati
[[chitr:Haldighati-Udaipur.jpg|=maharana pratap ki pratima, haldighati, udayapur|200px|center]]
vivaran	'haldighati' rajasthan ke prasiddh sthanoan mean se ek hai. yahian par badashah akabar ki mugal sena evan maharana pratap ki rajapoot sena mean 18 joon, 1576 ko prasiddh 'haldighati ka yuddh' hua tha. yuddh mean pratap ke asankhy shooraviroan ne viragati prapt ki aur sath hi rana ke gha de chetak ne bhi apane svami par pran nyauchhavar kar diye.
rajy	rajasthan
prasiddhi	'haldighati ke yuddh' ke lie
sanbandhit lekh	rana pratap, jhala man
any janakari	rana pratap ke vir saradaroan mean se ek 'mannaji' ne haldighati ke yuddh mean viragati paee. mannaji ne pratap ko bachane ke lie unaka mukut svayan dharan kar liya aur aant tak yuddh karata raha.

haldighati bharatiy itihas mean prasiddh rajasthan ka vah aitihasik sthan hai, jahaan maharana pratap ne apani matribhoomi ki laj bachaye rakhane ke lie asankhy yuddh l de aur shaury ka pradarshan kiya. haldighati rajasthan ke udayapur zile se 27 mil (lagabhag 43.2 ki.mi.) uttar-pashchim evan nathadvara se 7 mil (lagabhag 11.2 ki.mi.) pashchim mean sthit hai. yahian samrat akabar ki mugal sena evan maharana pratap tatha unaki rajapoot sena mean 18 joon, 1576 ko bhishan yuddh hua. is yuddh mean pratap ke sath kee rajapoot yoddhaoan sahit hakim khaan soor bhi upasthit tha. is yuddh mean rana pratap ka sath sthaniy bhiloan ne diya, jo is yuddh ki mukhy bat thi. mugaloan ki or se raja manasianh sena ka netritv kar rahe the.

itihas

udayapur se nathadvara jane vali s dak se kuchh door hatakar pahadi़yoan ke bich sthit haldighati itihas prasiddh vah sthan hai, jahaan 1576 ee. mean maharana pratap aur mugal badashah akabar ki senaoan ke bich ghor yuddh hua tha. is sthan ko 'goganda' bhi kaha jata hai. akabar ke samay ke rajapoot nareshoan mean meva d ke maharana pratap hi aise the, jinhean mugal badashah ki maitripoorn dasata pasand n thi. isi bat par unaki amer ke manasianh se bhi anaban ho gee thi, jisake phalasvaroop manasianh ke bh dakane se akabar ne svayan manasianh aur salim (jahaangir) ki adhyakshata mean meva d par akraman karane ke lie bhari sena bheji.

haldighati ki l daee 18 joon, 1576 ee. ko huee thi. isamean rana pratap ne apratim virata dikhaee. unaka param bhakt saradar jhala man isi yuddh mean viragati ko prapt hua tha. svayan pratap ke durgharsh bhale se gajasin salim bal-bal bach gaya. kintu pratap ki chhoti sena mugaloan ki vishal sena ke samane adhik saphal nahian ho saki aur pratap apane ghayal, kintu bahadur gho de par yuddh-kshetr se bahar a gaye, jahaan chetak ne pran chho d diye. is sthan par is svamibhakt gho de ki samadhi aj bhi dekhi ja sakati hai. is yuddh mean pratap ki 22 sahastr sena mean se 14 sahastr kam aee thi. isamean se 500 vir sainik rana pratap ke sambandhi the. mugal sena ki bhari kshati huee tatha usake bhi lagabhag 500 saradar mare gaye the. salim ke sath jo sena ayi thi, usake alava ek sena vakt par sahayata ke liye surakshit rakhi gee thi. aur is sena dvara mukhy sena ki hanipoorti barabar hoti rahi. isi karan mugaloan ke hatahatoan ki thik-thik sankhya itihasakaroan ne nahian likhi hai. is yuddh ke pashchath rana pratap ko b di kathinaee ka samay vyatit karana p da tha. kintu unhoanne kabhi sahas nahian chho da aur apane rajy ka adhikaansh mugaloan se vapas chhin liya tha.

balidan bhoomi

haldighati rajapootane ki vah pavan balidan bhoomi hai, jisake shaury evan tez ki bhavy gatha se itihas ke prishth range haian. bhiloan ka apane desh aur naresh ke liye vah amar balidan, rajapoot viroan ki vah tejasvita aur maharana ka vah lokottar parakram itihas mean prasiddh hai. yah sabhi tathy virakavy ke param upajivy hai. meva d ke ushn rakt ne shravan sanvat 1633 vi. mean haldighati ka kan-kan lal kar diya. apar shatru sena ke sammukh tho de-se rajapoot aur bhil sainik kab tak tikate? maharana ko pichhe hatana p da aur unaka priy ashv chetak, usane unhean nirapad pahuanchane mean itana shram kiya ki ant mean vah sada ke liye apane svami ke charanoan mean gir p da.

yuddh ki taiyari

[[chitr:Haldighati-Museum-Udaipur.jpg|haldighati sangrahalay, udayapur|left|thumb|250px]] dilli ka uttaradhikari shahazada salim (bad mean badashah jahaangir) mugal sena ke sath yuddh ke lie chadh aya. usake sath raja manasianh aur sagaraji ka jatibhrasht putr mohabat khaan bhi tha. pratap ne apane parvatoan aur baees hazar rajapootoan mean vishvas rakhate hue akabar ke putr ka samana kiya. aravali ke pashchim chhor tak shahi sena ko kisi prakar ke virodh ka samana nahian karana p da, parantu isake age ka marg pratap ke niyantran mean tha. pratap apani nee rajadhani ke pashchim ki or paha diyoan mean a date. is ilaqe ki lambaee lagabhag 80 mil (lagabhag 128 ki.mi.) thi aur itani hi chau daee thi. sara ilaqa parvatoan aur vanoan se ghira hua tha. bich-bich mean kee chhoti-chhoti nadiyaan bahati thian. rajadhani ki taraf jane vale marg itane tang aur durgam the ki b di kathinaee se do ga diyaan a-ja sakati thian. is sthan ka nam haldighati hai, isake dvar par kh de parvat ko laanghakar usamean pravesh karana sankat ko mol lene ke saman tha. pratap ke sath vishvasi bhil log bhi dhanush aur ban lekar dat ge. bhiloan ke pas b de-b de pattharoan ke dher p de the, jaise hi shatru samane se ayega vaise hi pattharoan ko ludhakakar unake sir ko to dane ki yojana banaee gee thi.

haldighati ka yuddh

[[chitr:Pratap-Singh-And-Chetak-Attacking-Man-Singh.jpg|man sianh par hamala karate hue maharana pratap aur chetak|thumb|250px]]

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maharana udayasianh 1541 ee. mean rana bane the aur rana banane ke kuchh hi samay bad akabar ki mugal sena ne meva d par akraman kar chittau d ko gher liya. kiantu rana udayasianh ne akabar ki adhinata svikar nahian ki aur prachin adhatapur ke pas udayapur namak apani rajadhani basakar vahaan chale gaye. unake bad maharana pratap ne bhi yuddh jari rakha aur adhinata svikar nahian ki. 'haldighati ka yuddh' 'bharatiy itihas' mean prasiddh hai. rajapoot aur mugal sainikoan ke madhy 'haldighati ka yuddh' joon, 1576 ee. mean l da gaya. badashah akabar ne meva d ko poornaroop se jitane ke lie raja manasianh evan asaf khaan ke netritv mean mugal sena ko akraman ke lie bheja. donoan senaoan ke madhy 'goguanda' ke nikat aravali paha di ki haldighati shakha ke madhy yuddh hua.

donoan or ki senaoan ka samana hote hi bhishan roop se yuddh shuroo ho gaya aur donoan taraf ke shooravir yoddha ghayal hokar zamin par girane lage. pratap apane gho de chetak par savar hokar drutagati se shatru ki sena ke bhitar pahuanch gaye aur rajapootoan ke shatru manasianh ko khojane lage. vah to nahian mila, parantu pratap us jagah par pahuanch gaye, jahaan par salim apane hathi par baitha hua tha. pratap ki talavar se salim ke kee aangarakshak mare ge aur yadi pratap ke bhale aur salim ke bich mean lohe ki moti chadar vala hauda nahian hota to akabar apane uttaradhikari se hath dho baithata. rana pratap ke gho de chetak ne apane svami ki ichchha ko bhaanpakar poora prayas kiya aur tamam aitihasik chitroan mean salim ke hathi ke sooan d par chetak ka ek utha hua pair aur pratap ke bhale dvara mahavat ka chhati ka chhalani hona aankit kiya gaya hai.

mannaji ka balidan

mahavat ke mare jane par ghayal hathi salim sahit yuddh bhoomi se bhagane laga tha, lekin salim ne use niyantrit kar liya. yuddh us samay aur bhi bhayanak ho utha, jab shahazada salim par rana pratap ke akraman ko dekhakar asankhy mugal sainik usi taraf badhe aur pratap ko gherakar charoan taraf se un par prahar karane lage. rana pratap ke sir par meva d ka rajamukut laga hua tha.[[chitr:Battlefield-Death-Of-Pratap-Singh-Chetak.jpg|thumb|250px|yuddhabhoomi par maharana pratap ke chetak (gho de) ki maut]] isalie mugal sainik usi ko nishana banakar var kar rahe the. rajapoot sainik bhi rana ko bachane ke lie pran hatheli par rakhakar sangharsh kar rahe the. parantu dhire-dhire pratap sankat mean phansata ja raha tha. sthiti ki gambhirata ko parakhakar jhala saradar 'mannaji' (ya 'jhala man') ne svamibhakti ka ek apoorv adarsh prastut karate hue apane pranoan ka balidan kar diya. jhala saradar mannaji tezi ke age badha aur pratap ke sir se mukut utar kar apane sir par rakh liya aur tezi ke sath kuchh doori par jakar ghamasan yuddh karane laga. mugal sainik use hi pratap samajhakar us par toot p de aur pratap ko yuddh bhoomi se door nikal jane ka avasar mil gaya. usaka sara sharir aganit ghavoan se lahooluhan ho chuka tha. yuddhabhoomi se jate-jate pratap ne mannaji ko marate dekha. rajapootoan ne bahaduri ke sath mugaloan ka muqabala kiya, parantu maidani topoan tatha bandookadhariyoan se susajjit shatru ki vishal sena ke samane samoocha parakram nishphal raha. yuddhabhoomi par upasthit baees hazar rajapoot sainikoan mean se keval ath hazar jivit sainik yuddhabhoomi se kisi prakar bachakar nikal paye.

yuddh ki samapti

'haldighati ka yuddh' yuddh rana pratap ke paksh mean nirnayak n ho saka. khula yuddh samapt ho gaya tha, kiantu sangharsh samapt nahian hua tha. bhavishy mean sangharsho ko aanjam dene ke lie rana pratap evan unaki sena yuddh sthal se hatakar paha di pradesh mean a gayi thi. bad ke kuchh varshoan mean jab akabar ka dhyan doosare kamoan mean laga gaya, tab pratap ne apane sthanoan par phir adhikar kar liya tha. sanh 1597 mean chavand mean unaki mrityu ho gee thi. akabar ki adhinata svikar n kie jane ke karan pratap ke sahas evan shaury ki gathaean tab tak guanjit raheangi, jab tak yuddhoan ka varnan kiya jata rahega. yuddh ke dauran pratap ka svamibhakt gho da chetak ghayal ho gaya tha, phir bhi vah buri tarah ghayal ho chuke apane svami ko yuddh sthal se door nikal le jane mean saphal raha. usane apane svami ki shatruoan ke hath mean p d jane se raksha ki aur aant mean viragati ko prapt hua. yuddh sthali ke samip hi chetak ki smriti mean smarak bana hua hai. ab yahaan par ek sangrahalay hai. is sangrahalay mean halh‍dighati ke yuddh ke maidan ka ek m aaudal rakha gaya hai. isake alava yahaan maharana pratap se sanbandhit vash‍tuoan ko bhi sahej kar rakha gaya hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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