हिन्दी के विकास में भोजपुरी का योगदान -डॉ. उदयनारायण तिवारी
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
- lekhak- d aau. udayanarayan tivari
vastav mean vyakti-boli tatha boli ka samajikaran hi bhasha hai. bhasha ke bhi kee star hote haian. inamean se ek ko sadhu tatha manak ki sanjna prapt hoti hai. yahi bhasha shishtajanoan dvara vyavahrit hoti hai. prachinakal mean manak roop sanskrit ka vyavahar sanpoorn bharat mean tha kiantu isamean aryavartt tatha madhyadesh ki bhasha hi shisht bhasha ke roop mean vyavahrit hoti thi. aj usi madhyadesh ki bhasha hindi sanpoorn desh ki rashtrabhasha ban gee hai. ek vishal bhoo-bhag ki bhasha ban jane ke karan hindi mean svabhavik riti se bangala, gujarati, marathi, u diya, asamiya, tamil, telugu, kann d evan malayalam ke anuvad roop mean muhavare evan bahuprachalit shabd apane ap a jaeange. aj aangreji ke anek muhavaroan ke anuvad hindi mean a ge haian. premachand jaise sashakt lekhak ne ek sthan par likha hai-'maian phav de ko phav da kahooanga.' yah aangreji ke muhavaroan 'ai vil kal e sped e sped' ka spasht anuvad hai. urdoo-farasi ke muhavare n maloom kitane dinoan se hindi mean a rahe haian. ab paha di, rajasthani, maithili, magahi evan bhojapuri ke samarth lekhakoan dvara vahaan ke sthaniy shabd evan muhavare prayog mean aeange aur unhean roka nahian ja sakata. rahul saankrityayan evan ramavriksh benipuri jaise lekhakoan ne porasha, agavah, lal-bhabhukka, tiyan, muretha evan bhor jaise sthaniy evan aanchalik shabdoan ka prayog apani kritiyoan mean kiya hai.
isi kram mean d aau. krishnavihari mishr ka namollekh yahaan avashyak hai. ap poorvachal sthit baliya sanbhag ke balihar gaanv ke nivasi haian. apake gaanv ke pas ganga nadi b de veg se pravahit hoti hai. ap ki kriti 'behaya ka jangal' apake gyarah lalit nibandhoan ka sangrah hai. 'behaya' ek prakar ki jha didar vanaspati hai jo poorvaanlay ke gaanvoan mean milati hai. 'haya' arabi-farasi ka shabd hai jisaka arth hai, 'ajja'. 'behaya' ka arth hai, 'ajjarahit', 'nirlajj' ya 'besharm'. chooanki yah vanaspati tho de hi samay mean charoan or param kar phail jati hai at: use 'behaya' nam se abhihit kiya jata hai.
d aau. mishr ki yah kriti navanbar sanh 1981ee. mean kalakatte se prakashit huee hai. d aau. mishr ke in lalit nibandhoan ki yah visheshata hai ki isamean apane khulakar khaanti bhojapuri sanjna, nam dhatu, kriyapadoan evan kridantoan ka prayog kiya hai. 'bhojapuri' pashchimi magadhi apabhransh se prasoot bhasha hai jo pashchimi magadhi apabhransh se prasoot bhasha hai jo pashchimi bihar tatha uttar pradesh ki do kamishnariyoan- gorakhapur evan varanasi mean prachalit hai. isake bolane valoan ki sankhya sadhe char karo d hai. yah is arth mean aantarrashtriy bhasha hai ki bharat ke bahar yah marishas, trinidad, gayana, soorinam evan jamaida mean bhi boli jati hai. bhojapuri-kshetr mean shiksha ki madhyam bhasha, hindi hai kiantu gharoan mean bhojapuri hi vyavahrit hoti hai. d aau. mishr ne apane in nibandhoan mean sadhu hindi ka bhi prayog kiya hai. kiantu bich bich mean apane khaanti bhojapuri shabdoan ka bhi prayog kiya hai. niche d aau. mishr dvara prayukt bhojapuri shabd sandarbh sahit die jate haian taki unake ashay spasht ho sake. bhojapuri shabdoan ka sadhu hindi me arth dena kathin kam hai kiantu unaki vyakhya dene ka maiananne yahaan prayatn kiya hai:
‘katan’ aur ‘dhahi’ ye donoan shabd bhojapuri ke haian. jin kshatroan mean ganga ki badh ati hai vahaan gaanv ke gaanv kat kar ganga mean bah jate haian. isi prakritik kriya-vyapar se katan shabd ka nirman hua hai. isi prakar ganga ke tat ki jaminean badh ke dinoan mean dhire dhire dhahati jatian haian aur khet ke khet dhahi ki chapet mean a jate haian. ise bhojapuri pradesh mean dhahi kahate haian.
ek sthan par lekhak ne dhahi ka prayog vyanjanatmak roop mean kiya hai. ap likhate haian -‘moolyoan mean bhankar dhahi shuroo ho gee hai’ lekin is giravat shabd se dhahi ka arth spasht nahian hota kyoanki giravat amoort vyapar hai. jabaki dhahi moort evan pratyaksh vyapar hai.
bejaany shabd pharasi ‘beja’ se bana hai. udaharan hai- ‘maharaja jahaan pap ki badh mean sara javar doob gaya hai vahaan ganga ji ka itana ub hona bejaany kya hai?
tokana- yah shabd bhojapuri hai jisaka arth hai yakayak bol p dana. udaharan- ek adhe d yatri ne toka.
bhakhana- bure bhav se kahana. udaharan- pandit ji yahi bhakhate haian.
lahakana- lahalaha uthana. udaharan- yah bina tap aur sadhana ke lahakane vali vanaspati hai.
javar - ilaqa. is sandarbh mean nimnalikhit tin muhavare bhi drishtavy haian.
1-aankh ki putali juda़na (thandi karana)
2-din bhar ki khatani (parishram) ke bad ghar pahuanchana.
3- age pichhe takana (dekhana).
bat karane ke arth mean nam dhatu ka prayog batiyana. udaharan- unase batiyane me sukh milata hai.
do aur muhavare ullekhaniy haian.
1- paseri bhar ka muanh latakaye rahate haian. hindi mean isaka anuvad hoga- apana bhari bharakam muanh latakaye rahate haian.
2- muanh virana - ka arth hai chidhana lekin chidhana shabd kriya roop hai.
tapana - arth hai prabhav, badhana udaharan- ‘jas jas kali (kaliyug) tap raha hai.
langota ka pakka - poorn brahmachary, udaharan- ‘pahale ke log langote ke pakke hote the.
bharabharana- arth hai ph daph dana. udaharan- ‘kaptan sahab ki saphed da di bharabhara jati hai.’
khet par chadh jana - arth hai, qabza kar lena. udaharan- vah lala vale khet par akele chadh gaya tha.
kulaboran lag deh aur jan ke pher mean rahate haian. kul ko dubone vala pran ke chakkar mean rahata hai.
isi sandarbh mean nimnalikhit vaky bhi drishtavy hai. ‘jab jisan tab tisan ihe na boojhal se maradh kisan? hindi: jab jaisa tab taisa yah n samajhe to mard kaisa?
taॅsi - surilitan. unaki taॅsi se sarahe gooanjati hai aur rah katati hai.
muanh jabana- muanh band karana. jab ek prakar ki rassi se bana jal hota hai jise janavar ke muanh par lagate haian taki kuchh kha n sake. unaka muanh jabate haian.
jhaanjhar- jo ghana n ho. tab saghan bari mean dapahar ko dar lagata tha, ab kitani jhaanjhar ho gee hai.
agorana- rakhavali karana. dinarat agorati rahati thi.
bhakasavan - daravana. makan mean chiree ka poot nahian hai, b da bhakasavan lagata hai.
mataki marana- aankhoan se ishara karana. l dake mataki marate haian.
baanv - vayarth. vah baanv nahian jaega.
n ruchana- n pasand ana. rukhar bhasha lagoan ko ruchati nahian hai.
rukhar - ruksh kathor. rukhar bhasha logoan ko ruchati nahian hai.
kalam rehan rakhana: kalam giravi rakhana. aisa n hota to buddhi ke devata rajasatta ke samane apani kalam rehan rakhakar sukhi ban jate.
lutti - chiangari. shayad rakh ke bhitar koee lutti mil jae.
ante - anyatr. gaanv ke mool bashinde kahian ante chale ge.
agarana - prasann hona. agarakar mausa ham logoan ka daant, pisate dau date the.
utan - abhiman karana. jahaan utan hue ki gaanv ki nee abohava shahar ki rah pak dane ko majaboor kar degi.
dhakiyana - bahar nikal dena. udvav ke jnan gumaan ko dhakiya diya tha.
hath bhaanjana- l dane ko taiyar. usake viruddh hath bhaanjata rahata hai.
meharana- thanda p dana. udas bayar bahi nahian ki mera man mehara jata hai.
yah ullekhaniy hai ki bhasha mean do tatv hote haian
(1) vyakt vichar (kanteant)
(2) bhasha (abhivyakti).
ye donoan ek doosare se sanyukt rahate haian. vyakt vicharoan ko sanvahan karane vali bhasha hi hoti hai. bhasha hi sarthak dhvaniyoan ke madhyam se vicharoan ko shrota ya pathak tak pahuchati hai. vicharoan ko grahan karana shrota ya pathak ki bhashik kshamata par nirbhar karata hai.
oopar d aau. mishr ke lalit nibandhoan ki bhasha ka sasandarbh vishleshan kiya gaya hai kyoeanki sandarbh ke abhav mean bhasha ke arth ka jnan nahian hota. mishr dvara prayukt oopar ke bhojapuri shabdoan, padabandhoan evan muhavaroan ko hindi se parichit bhojapuri bhashi shat pratishat samajh leange kiantu kh di boli (hindustani), braj, kannauji evan buandelakhandi bhashiyoan ko inhean samajhanean me kathinaee hogi. inaka bhav bharatiy samudr (iandiyan oshen) ke marishas, gayana, trinidad evan jamaika dvipoan ke hindi se parichit bhojapuri bhashi sahajaroop se hridayangam kar leange kiantu panjab, dilli, merath, bulandashahar, farrukhabad tatha kanapur ke nivasiyoan ke liye inhean poornatayah samajhana kathin hoga. hindibhashiyoan ke lie bhojapuri ke ye sabhi shabd, muhavare evan padabandh tabhi grahy hoange jab hindi samaj inhean poornatayah svikar kar lega.
p dos tatha bharat ki any bhashaoan se shabd grahan kar hindi dhire dhire vishal evan virat bhasha ban rahi hai. isake lie pratyek varsh ‘prayog varshiki kosh’ ke nirman ki avashyakata hai jisase hindi ki ekaroopata mean badha n upasthit ho.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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