हिन्दी व्याकरण

hindi vishay soochi

hiandi    vikas    prachin hiandi    madhyakalin hiandi   vibhinn nam    rashtrabhasha    rashtrabhasha aandolan    rajabhasha    upabhashaean evan boliyaan    devanagari lipi    hindi vyakaran    manakikaran    akhil bharatiyata ka itihas

jis vidya se kisi bhasha ke bolane tatha likhane ke niyamoan ki vyavasthit paddhati ka jnan hota hai, use 'vyakaran' kahate haian. vyakaran vah vidha hai, jisake dvara kisi bhasha ka shuddh bolana ya likhana jana jata hai. vyakaran bhasha ki vyavastha ko banaye rakhane ka kam karate haian. vyakaran, bhasha ke shuddh evan ashuddh prayogoan par dhyan deta hai. pratyek bhasha ke apane niyam hote haian, us bhasha ka vyakaran bhasha ko shuddh likhana v bolana sikhata hai.

manushy maukhik evan likhit bhasha mean apane vichar prakat kar sakata hai aur karata raha hai kintu isase bhasha ka koee nishchit evan shuddh svaroop sthir nahian ho sakata. bhasha ke shuddh aur sthayi roop ko nishchit karane ke lie niyamabaddh yojana ki avashyakata hoti hai aur us niyamabaddh yojana ko ham vyakaran kahate haian.

paribhasha

vyakaran vah shastr hai jisake dvara kisi bhi bhasha ke shabdoan aur vakyoan ke shuddh svaroopoan evan shuddh prayogoan ka vishad jnan karaya jata hai.

bhasha aur vyakaran ka sanbandh

koee bhi manushy shuddh bhasha ka poorn jnan vyakaran ke bina prapt nahian kar sakata. atah bhasha aur vyakaran ka ghanishth sanbandh haian vah bhasha mean uchcharan, shabd-prayog, vaky-gathan tatha arthoan ke prayog ke roop ko nishchit karata hai. vyakaran ke vibhag- vyakaran ke tin aang nirdharit kiye gaye haian-

1. varn vichar- isame varnoan ke uchcharan, roop, akar, bhed adi ke sambandh mean adhyayan hota hai.
2. shabd vichar- isamean shabdoan ke bhed, roop, prayogoan tatha utpatti ka adhyayan kiya jata hai.
3. vaky vichar- isame vaky nirman, unake prakar, unake bhed, gathan, prayog, vigrah adi par vichar kiya jata hai.

varnamala

mukhy lekh : varnamala (vyakaran)

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hindi bhasha mean jitane varnoan ka prayog hota hai, un varnoan ke samooh ko 'varnamala' kaha jata hai.

hindi varnamala

mukhy lekh : hindi varnamala (vyakaran)

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hindi bhasha mean jitane varn prayukt hote haian, un varnoan ke samooh ko 'hindi-varnamala' kaha jata hai.

svar

mukhy lekh : svar (vyakaran)

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svatantr roop se bole jane vale varn svar kahalate haian.

vyanjan

mukhy lekh : vyanjan (vyakaran)

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svaroan ki sahayata se bole jane vale varn vyanjan kahalate haian.

shabd

mukhy lekh : shabd (vyakaran)

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• varn-samooh ya dhvani-samooh ko 'shabd' kahate haian.
• shabd do prakar ke hote haian- sarthak aur nirarthak.

sarthak shabd

mukhy lekh : sarthak shabd (vyakaran)

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• kisi nishchit arth ka bodh karane vale shabdoan ko sarthak shabd kaha jata hai.
• jaise- ana, oopar, jana, pana adi.

nirarthak shabd

mukhy lekh : nirarthak shabd (vyakaran)

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kisi nishchit arth ka bodh nahian karane vale shabdoan ko nirarthak shabd kaha jata hai.

vikari shabd

mukhy lekh : vikari shabd

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• vah shabd jo liang, vachan, karak adi se vikrit ho jate haian vikari shabd hote haian.
• jaise- maian→ mujh→ mujhe→ mera, achchha→ achchhe adi.

avikari shabd

mukhy lekh : avikari shabd

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• vah shabd jo liang, vachan, karak adi se kabhi vikrit nahian hote haian avikari shabd hote haian.
• inako 'avyay' bhi kaha jata hai.

sanjna

mukhy lekh : sanjna (vyakaran)

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• yah sarthak varn-samooh shabd kahalata hai.
• kiantu jab isaka prayog vaky mean hota hai to vah vyakaran ke niyamoan mean bandh jata hai aur isaka roop bhi badal jata hai.

sarvanam

mukhy lekh : sarvanam

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• sanjna ke sthan par prayukt hone vale shabd ko sarvanam kahate haian.
• sanjna ki punarukti n karane ke lie sarvanam ka prayog kiya jata hai.

visheshan

mukhy lekh : visheshan

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sanjna athava sarvanam shabdoan ki visheshata (gun, dosh, sankhya, pariman adi) batane vale shabd ‘visheshan’ kahalate haian.

kriya

mukhy lekh : kriya

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• jin shabdoan se kisi kary ya vyapar ke hone ya kie jane ka bodh hota hai unhean kriya kahate haian.
• jaise- uthana, baithana, sona jagana.

kriyavisheshan

mukhy lekh : kriyavisheshan

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jin avikari shabdoan se kriya ki visheshata ka bodh hota hai ve kriyavisheshan kahalate haian.

sambandhabodhak

mukhy lekh : sambandhabodhak

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• jo avikari shabd sanjna ya sarvanam shabdoan ke pahale ya pichhe akar usaka sambandh vaky ke kisi any shabd se karate haian, unhean sambandhabodhak kahate haian.
• jaise- poorvak, aur, vaste, tuly, saman adi.

samuchyabodhak

mukhy lekh : samuchyabodhak

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• vyakaran mean samuchyabodhak ek avikari shabd hai.
• jo avikari shabd do shabdoan, do vakyoan athava do vakyoan khandoan ko jo date haian, unhean samuchyabodhak kahate haian.
• jaise- vah yahaan avashy ata, parantu bimar tha.

vismayadibodhak

mukhy lekh : vismayadibodhak

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• jo avikari shabd harsh, shok, ashchary, ghrina, krodh, tiraskar adi bhavoan ka bodh karate haian, unhean vismayadibodhak kahate haian.
• jaise- vah, oh, hay adi.

karak

mukhy lekh : karak

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karak shabd ka arth hai kriya ko karane vala arthat kriya ko poori karane mean kisi n kisi bhoomika ko nibhane vala.

kal

mukhy lekh : kal

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kriya ke vyapar ka samay soochit karane vale kriya roop ko 'kal' kahate haian.

sandhi

mukhy lekh : sandhi

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• do samipavarti varnoan ke mel se jo vikar hota hai, vah sandhi kahalata hai.
• jaise- dev+ alay= devalay, man:+ yog= manoyog

upavaky

mukhy lekh : upavaky

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• yadi kisi ek vaky mean ek se adhik samapika kriyaean hoti haian to vah vaky upavakyoan mean bant jata hai.
• usamean jitani bhi samapika kriyaean hoti haian utane hi upavaky hote haian.

vachan

mukhy lekh : vachan (hindi)

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• vikari shabdoan ke jis roop se sankhya ka bodh hota hai, use vachan kahate haian.
• vaise to shabdoan ka sanjna bhed vividh prakar ka hota hai, parantu vyakaran mean usake ek aur anek bhed prachalit haian.

vartani

mukhy lekh : vartani (hindi)

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• likhane ki riti ko vartani ya akshari kahate haian.
• ise hijje bhi kaha jata hai.

upasarg

mukhy lekh : upasarg

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• ve shabdaansh jo yaugik shabd banate samay pahale lagate haian, upasarg kahalate haian.
• jaise- prati= pratinidhi, pratikool, pratishtha, pratyaksh.

ras

mukhy lekh : ras

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• ras ka shabdik arth hai 'anand'. kavy ko padhane ya sunane se jis anand ki anubhooti hoti hai, use ras kaha jata hai.
• ras ko 'kavy ki atma' ya 'pran tatv' mana jata hai.

liang

mukhy lekh : liang

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sanjna ke us roop ko liang kahate haian, jisake dvara vachak shabdoan ki jati ka bodh hota hai.

alankar

mukhy lekh : alankar

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• alankar ka shabdik arth hai, 'abhooshan' . jis prakar suvarn adi ke abhooshanoan se sharir ki shobha badhati hai usi prakar kavy alankaroan se kavy ki.
• hindi ke kavi keshavadas ek alankaravadi haian.

chhand

mukhy lekh : chhand

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• varnoan ya matraoan ke niyamit sankhya ke vinyas se yadi ahlad paida ho, to use chhand kahate haian.
• chhand ka sarvapratham ullekh 'rrigved' mean milata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• bhasha ka adhar evan hiandi
• adhunik bharatiy ary bhashaoan ki dhvanyatmak (svanimik) vyavastha
• bharat ki bhashaean evan devanagari lipi

sanbandhit lekh

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