10 मई 1857

[[chitr:1857-Swatantrata-sangram.jpg|thumb|pratham svatantrata sangram ke senaniyoan ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] 10 mee, 1857 ka din bharatiy itihas mean ek vishisht sthan rakhata hai. 1857 mean bharat ka pratham svatantrata sangram isi din aranbh hua tha. 1857 vah varsh hai, jab bharatiy viroan ne apane shaury ki kalam ko rakt mean dubo kar kal ki shila par aankit kiya tha aur british samrajy ko k di chunauti dekar usaki jade़an hila di thian. 1857 ka varsh vaise bhi uthal-puthal vala raha hai. isi varsh kailiphorniya ke tejon namak sthan par 7.9 skel ka bhookamp aya tha to tokiyo mean aye bhookamp mean lagabhag ek lakh log aur itali ke nepals mean aye 6.9 skel ke bhookamp mean lagabhag 11,000 log mare gaye the. 1857 ki kranti isaliye aur bhi mahatvapoorn ho jati hai ki thik sau sal pahale sanh 1757 mean plasi ke yuddh mean vijay prapt kar rabart klaiv ne aangreji raj ki bharat mean nianv dali thi. vibhinn itihasakaroan aur vicharakoan ne isaki apane-apane drishtikon se vyakhyayean ki haian. bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri aur mahanh chintak pandit javaharalal neharoo ne likha ki- ‘‘yah keval ek vidroh nahian tha, yadyapi isaka visphot sainik vidroh ke roop mean hua tha, kyoanki yah vidroh shighr hi jan vidroh ke roop mean parinit ho gaya tha.’’ beanjamin dijarayali ne british sansad mean ise ‘‘rashtriy vidroh’’ bataya. prakhar vicharak vir savarakar v pattabhi sitaramaiya ne ise ”bharat ka pratham svadhinata sangram”, jaॅn viliyam ne ”sipahiyoan ka vetan suvidha vala mamooli sangharsh“ v jaॅn broos naॅrtan ne ‘‘jan-vidroh’’ kaha. marksavadi vicharak d aau. ram vilas sharma ne ise sansar ki pratham samrajy virodhi v samant virodhi kranti batate hue 20vian sadi ki janavadi krantiyoan ki lambi shrriankhala ki pratham mahatvapoorn k di bataya. prakhyat antarrashtriy rajanaitik vicharak maijini to bharat ke is pratham svadhinata sangram ko antarrashtriy pariprekshy mean dekhate the aur unake anusar isaka asar tatkalin itali, hangari v polaiand ki sattaoan par bhi p dega aur vahaan ki nitiyaan bhi badaleangi.

1857 ki kranti

[[chitr:Mangal Panday.jpg|thumb|mangal paande]] 1857 ki kranti ko lekar tamam vishleshan kiye gaye haian. isake pichhe rajanaitik-samajik-dharmik-arthik sabhi tatv kary kar rahe the, par isaka sabase sashakt paksh yah raha ki raja-praja, hindoo-musalaman, jamiandar-kisan, purush-mahila sabhi ekajut hokar aangrezoan ke viruddh l de. 1857 ki kranti ko matr sainik vidroh manane vale is tathy ki avahelana karate haian ki kee aise bhi sthan the, jahaan sainik chhavaniyaan n hone par bhi british satta ke viruddh kranti huyi. isi prakar ve yah bhool jate hai ki vastav mean ye sipahi sainik vardi mean kisan the aur kisi bhi vyakti ke adhikaroan ke hanan ka sidha tatpary tha ki kisi-n-kisi sainik ke adhikaroan ka hanan, kyoanki har sainik ya to kisi ka pita, beta, bhaee ya any rishtedar hai. yah ek tathy hai ki aangrezi hukoomat dvara lagoo naye bhoo-rajasv kanoon ke khilaf akele sainikoan ki or se 15,000 arjiyaan dayar ki gayi thian. daॅ. lakshmimall sianghavi ke shabdoan mean- ‘‘sanh 1857 ki kranti ko chahe samanti sailab ya sainik gadar kahakar kharij karane ka prayas kiya gaya ho, par vastav mean vah janamat ka rajanitik-saanskritik vidroh tha. bharat ka janamanas usamean ju da tha, lok sahity aur lok chetana us kranti ke aveg se achhooti nahian thi. svabhavik hai ki kranti saphal n ho to ise ‘viplav’ ya ‘vidroh’ hi kaha jata hai.’’ yah kranti koee yakayak ghatit ghatana nahian thi, varanh isake mool mean vigat kee saloan ki ghatanayean thian, jo kampani ke shasanakal mean ghatit hoti rahian. ek or bharat ki parampara, ritirivaj aur sanskriti ke viparit aangreji satta evan sanskriti sudridh ho rahi thi to doosari or bharatiy rajaoan ke sath anyayapoorn karravaee, aangrejoan ki h dapaniti, bharatiy janamanas ki bhavanaoan ka daman evan vibhedapoorn v upekshapoorn vyavahar se rajaoan, sainikoan v janamanas mean vidroh ke aankur phoot rahe the.
isamean koee shak nahian ki 1757 se 1856 ke madhy desh ke vibhinn sthanoan par bhinn-bhinn vargoan dvara kee vidroh kiye gaye. yadyapi aangrezi sena bar-bar in vidrohoan ko kuchalati rahi par usake bavajood in vidrohoan ka punah sar uthakar kh da ho jana bharatiy janamanas ki jivatata ka hi parichayak kaha jayega. 1857 ke vidroh ko isi prishthabhoomi mean dekhe jane ki zaroorat hai. aangrej itihasakar phॅarest ne ek jagah sachet bhi kiya hai ki- ‘‘1857 ki kranti hamean is bat ki yad dilati hai ki hamara samrajy ek aise patale chhilake ke oopar kayam hai, jisake kisi bhi samay samajik parivartanoan aur dharmik krantiyoan ki prachand jvalaoan dvara tukade़-tukade़ ho jane ki sambhavana hai.’’ aangrezi hukoomat ko bhi 1757 se 1856 tak chale ghatanakramoan se yah abhas ho gaya tha ki ve ab ajey nahian rahe. tabhi to laॅrd keniang ne faravari 1856 mean garvanar janaral ka karyabhar grahan karane se poorv kaha tha ki - ‘‘maian chahata hooan ki mera karyakal shantipoorn ho. maian nahian bhool sakata ki bharat ke gagan mean, jo abhi shant hai, kabhi bhi chhota sa badal, chahe vah ek hath jitana hi kyoan n ho, nirantar vistrit hokar phat sakata hai, jo ham sabako tabah kar sakata hai.’’ laॅrd keniang ki is svikarokti mean hi 1857 ki kranti ke bij chhupe huye the.
1857 ki kranti ki saphalata-asaphalata ke apane-apane tark haian par yah bharat ki ajadi ka pahala aisa sangharsh tha, jise aangrej samarthak sainik vidroh athava asaphal vidroh sabit karane par tule the, parantu sahi mayanoan mean yah paradhinata ki be diyoan se mukti pane ka rashtriy phalak par hua pratham mahatvapoorn sangharsh tha. amariki vidvanh pro. ji. eph. hachins ke shabdoan mean- ‘‘1857 ki kranti ko aangrejoan ne keval sainik vidroh hi kaha kyoanki ve is ghatana ke rajadroh paksh par hi bal dena chahate the aur kahana chahate the ki yah vidroh aangreji sena ke keval bharatiy sainikoan tak hi simit tha. parantu adhunik shodh patroan ne yah spasht kar diya hai ki yah arambh se sainik vidroh ke hi roop mean hua, parantu shighr hi isamean lokapriy vidroh ka roop dharan kar liya.’’ vastutah is kranti ko bharat mean aangreji hukoomat ke viruddh pahali pratyaksh chunauti ke roop mean dekha ja sakata hai. yah andolan bhale hi bharat ko aangrejoan ki gulami se mukti n dila paya ho, lekin logoan mean azadi ka jajba zaroor paida kar gaya. 1857 ki is kranti ko kuchh itihasakaroan ne mahasvapn ki shokantika kaha hai, par is garvile upakram ke phalasvaroop hi bharat ka nayab moti eest indiya kampani ke hathoan se nikal gaya aur jald hi kampani bhang ho gayi. 1857 ke sangram ki visheshata yah bhi hai ki isase uthe shankhanad ke bad jange-ajadi 90 sal tak anavarat chalati rahi aur aantat: 15 agast, 1947 ko ham ajad hue.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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