अभ्रक

thumb|250px|abhrak abhrak ek bahupayogi khanij hai jo agney evan kayantarit chattanoan mean khandoan ke roop mean paya jata hai. abhrak ki tin mukhy kismean haian-

1. shvet abhrak - yah roobi abhrak bhi kahalata hai. saphed dhariyoan vala yah chakr abhrak uchch kism ka hota hai
2. pit abhrak - ise phalogopait kahate haian
3. shyam abhrak - ise bayotait kahate haian. bayotait abhrak ka rang halka gulabi hota hai.

utpadan

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abhrak ke utpadan mean bharat ka vishv mean pratham sthan hai. yahaan se vishv mean milane vali achchhi kism ka abhrak ka 60 pratishat se bhi adhik utpadan kiya jata hai aur bharat ke utpadan ka adhikaansh bhag videshoan ko niryat kar diya jata hai. abhrak ka pramukh ayask phimatait aandhr pradesh, jharakhand, bihar aur rajasthan mean paya jata hai. yooenephasi ke anusar bharat mean abhrak ka kul anumanit bhandar 59,890 tan hai, jisamean 15 tan sanrakshit varg mean tatha shesh 59.875 tan sansadhan varg mean haian. aandhr pradesh mean 67 pratishat sansadhan bhandar hai, isake bad bihar mean 22 pratishat rajasthan mean 8 pratishat tatha jharakhand me 3 pratishat hai. bharat ke jharakhand, bihar, andhr pradesh, rajasthan, keral, karnatak adi rajyoan mean abhrak nikala jata hai kintu jharakhand, andhr pradesh evan rajasthan hi kramashah isake sarvadhik mahattvapoorn utpadak rajy haian. jharakhand se bharat ke kul abhrak ka lagabhag 50 pratishat prapt hota hai aur yahaan abhrak kshetr 4,160 varg kimi kshetr par phaila hua hai. yahaan maskobait-bayotait kism ka abhrak hazaribag (kodarama), santhal paragana, sianhabhoomi v palamoo ziloan mean nikala jata hai.

prapti sthan

jharakhand ki abhrak peti 130 kimi lambi tatha 25 kimi chau di hai. yahaan abhrak nikalane ki lagabhag 600 khanean haian, jinaka adhikaansh bhag kodarama ke jangali kshetroan mean haian. prasiddh khanean haian - kodarama, giridih, chakal, tisari, gavan, chatakari, siangoor, domachaanch, eesari, chakaee adi. isi prakar bihar ke gaya aur muanger ziloan se bhi abhrak nikale jate haian. andhr pradesh ki abhrak peti 96 kimi ki lambaee tatha 20 se 32 kimi ki chau daee mean vishakhapatanam, krishnaa, poorvi evan pashchimi godavari, khammam, anantapur tatha nellaur ziloan mean phaili hai. yahaan sitaram, pallimata, telibadoo, kalicheh, rayapur adi pramukh kshetr haian. yahaan ka abhrak kshetr 1,550 varg kimi mean phaila hai. guantoor zile ki shahabad ki khan vishv mean abhrak ki sabase gahari khan hai. rajasthan ki abhrak peti ka vistar uttar-poorv mean jayapur se lekar dakshin-pashchim mean udayapur tak 320 kimi ki lambaee evan 100 kimi ki chau daee mean paya jata hai. yahaan sabase pramukh abhrak utpadak zila bhilava da hai jahaan tooanka, pratapapura, ghoras, bane di,laanbiya, shahapura, beliyaan adi prasiddh abhrak khane sthit haian. isake atirikt ajamer, udayapur, toank, alavar, bharatapur ziloan mean bhi kuchh abhrak nikala jata hai.

upayukt tin rajyoan ke atirikt tamilanadu, keral, u disa, karnatak, madhy pradesh, pashchim bangal, hariyana mean bhi kuchh matra mean 1807 tan abhrak ka utpadan hua hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh