अवतारवाद

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avataravad ka hindoo dharm mean b da mahattv hai. puranoan adi mean avataravad ka vistrit tatha vyapakata ke sath varnan kiya gaya hai. 'avatar' ka arth hota hai- "eeshvar ka prithvi par janm lena". sansar ke bhinn-bhinn deshoan tatha dharmoan mean avataravad dharmik niyam ke saman adar aur shraddha ki drishti se dekha jata hai. poorvi aur pashchimi dharmoan mean yah samanyat: many tathy ke roop mean svikar bhi kiya gaya hai. bauddh dharm ke mahayan panth mean avatar ki kalpana dridh mool hai. parasi dharm mean anek siddhaant hinduoan aur visheshat: vaidik aryoan ke saman haian, parantu yahaan avatar ki kalpana upalabdh nahian hai.

arth

'avataravad' ko hindoo dharm mean bahut hi mahattvapoorn mana gaya hai. atyant prachin kal se vartaman kal tak yah us dharm ke adharabhoot maulik siddhaantoan mean anyatam hai. 'avatar' ka arth hai- "bhagavan ka apani svatantray shakti ke dvara bhautik jagath mean moortaroop se avirbhav hona, prakat hona." avatar tatv ka dyotak prachinatam shabd 'pradurbhav' hai. shrimadbhagavat mean 'vyakti' shabd isi arth mean prayukt hua hai.^[1] vaishnav dharm mean avatar ka tathy vishesh roop se mahatvashali mana jata hai, kyoanki vishnu ke par, vyooh, vibhav, aantaryami tatha archa namak pancharoopadharan ka siddhaant paancharatr ka maulik tatv hai. isilie vaishnav anuyayi bhagavan ke in nana roopoan ki upasana apani ruchi tatha priti ke anusar adhikatar karate haian. shaivamat mean bhagavan shankar ki nana lilaoan ka varnan milata hai, parantu bhagavan shankar tatha parvati ke mool roop ki upasana hi is mat mean sarvatr prachalit hai.

pauranik ullekh

hindoo dharmik granthoan puranoan adi mean avataravad ka vistrit tatha vyapak varnan milata hai. is karan is tatv ki udbhavana puranoan ki den manana kisi bhi tarah nyay nahian hai. vedoan mean hamean avataravad ka maulik tatha prachinatam adhar upalabdh hota hai. vedoan ke anusar prajapati ne jivoan ki raksha ke lie tatha srishti ke kalyan ke lie nana roopoan ko dharan kiya. 'shatapath brahman'^[2] mean matsyaroop dharan ka sanket milata hai, koorm ka shatapath^[3] tatha jaiminiy brahman^[4] mean, varah ka taittiriy sanhita^[5] tatha shatapath^[6] mean nrisianh ka taittiriy aranyak mean tatha vaman ka taittiriy sanhita^[7] mean shabdat: tatha rrigved mean vishnuoan mean arthat: sanket milata hai. rrigved mean trivikram vishnu ko tin dagoan dvara samagr vishv ke napane ka bahush: shrey diya gaya hai.^[8] age chalakar prajapati ke sthan par jab vishnu mean is prakar avataroan ke roop, lila tatha ghatanavaichitray ka varnan ved ke oopar hi bahush: ashrit hai.

bhagavat ke anusar satvanidhi hari ke avataroan ki ganana nahian ki ja sakati. jis prakar n sookhane vale talab se hajaroan chhoti-chhoti nadiyaan nikalati haian, usi prakar aksharayy satvashray hari se bhi nana avatar utpann hote haian-

avatara hasankhyeya hare: satvanidhedvija:.
yathaavidasin: kulya: saras: syu: sahasrash:.

paancharatr mat mean avatar pradhanat: char prakar ke hote haian-

vyooh (sankarshan, pradyumn tatha aniruddh)
vibhav
aantaryami
aryavatar

bhagavan vishnu ke avataroan ki sankhya 24 mani jati hai.^[9], parantu 'dashavatar' ki kalpana nitaant lokapriy hai.

any dharmoan mean avataravad

parasi dharm mean anek siddhaant hinduoan aur visheshat: vaidik aryoan ke saman haian, parantu yahaan avatar ki kalpana upalabdh nahian hai. parasi dharmanuyayiyoan ka kathan hai ki is dharm ke praudh pracharak ya pratishthapak jarathushtr ke kahian bhi avatar nahian mane ge haian. tathapi ye log raja ko pavitr tatha daivi shakti se sanpann manate the. 'hrenarah' namak adbhoot tej ki satta many thi, jisaka nivas pichhe ardashir raja mean tatha sasnavanshi rajaoan mean tha, aisi kalpana parasi granthoan mean upalabdh hai. sami logoan mean bhi avataravad ki kalpana nyoonadhik roop mean vidyaman hai. in logoan mean raja bhautik shakti ka jis prakar choodaant nivas tha, usi prakar vah daivi shakti ka poorn pratik mana jata tha. isalie raja ko devata ka avatar manana yahaan svabhavat: siddh siddhaant mana jata tha. prachin bebiloniya mean is manyata ka poorn vikas dikhaee deta hai. kish ka raja 'urumush' apane jivan kal mean hi eeshvar ka avatar mana jata tha. naramasin namak raja apane mean devata ka rakt pravahit manata tha, isalie usane apane mastak par siang se yukt chitr aankit karava rakha tha. vah 'akkad ka devata' nam se vishesh prakhyat tha.
bauddh dharm ke mahayan panth mean avatar ki kalpana dridh mool hai. 'bodhisatv' karmaphal ki poornata hone par buddh ke roop mean avatarit hote haian tatha nirvan ki prapti ke anantar buddh bhi bhavishy mean avatar dharan karate haian. yah mahayaniyoan ki manyata hai. bodhisatv 'tushit' namak svarg mean nivas karate hue apane karmaphal ki paripakvata ki pratiksha karate haian aur uchit avasar ane par vah manav jagath mean avatirn hote haian. theravadiyoan mean yah manyata nahian hai. bauddh avataratatv ka poorn nidarshan tibbat mean dalaee lama ki kalpana mean upalabdh hota hai. tibbat mean dalaee lama avalokiteshvar buddh ke avatar mane jate haian. tibbati paranpara ke anusar gredain drup^[10] namak lama ne is kalpana ka pratham pradurbhav kiya tha, jisake anusar dalaee lama dharmik guru tatha raja ke roop mean pratishthit kie ge. aitihasik drishti se lojang-gya-matso^[11] namak lama ne hi is paranpara ko janm diya. tibbati logoan ka dridh vishvas hai ki dalaee lama ke marane par unaki atma kisi balak mean pravesh karati hai, jo us math ke as-pas hi janm leta hai. isamean avatar ki kalpana many nahian thi. chini logoan ka pahala raja shangati sadachar aur sadgun ka adarsh mana jata tha, parantu usake oopar devatv ka arop kahian bhi nahian milata.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ 10.29.14
↑ 2.8.1.1
↑ 7.5.1.5.
↑ 3.272
↑ 7.5.1.1
↑ 14.1.2.11
↑ 2.1.3.1
↑ eko vimame tribhirith padebhi:-rrigved 1.154.3
↑ shrimadbhagavat 2.6
↑ 1473 ee.
↑ 1615-1682

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] 10.29.14

[2] 2.8.1.1

[3] 7.5.1.5.

[4] 3.272

[5] 7.5.1.1

[6] 14.1.2.11

[7] 2.1.3.1

[8] vimame tribhirith padebhi:-rrigved 1.154.3

[9] shrimadbhagavat 2.6

[10] 1473 ee.

[11] 1615-1682

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