आदि शंकराचार्य
adi shankarachary
Adi Shankaracharya|thumb|250px
parichay
(788 ee. - 820 ee.)
eesa ki satavi shatabdi mean shankar ke roop mean svayan bhagavan shiv ka avatar hua tha. adi shankarachary jinhean 'shankar bhagavadpadachary' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai, vedaant ke advait mat ke praneta the. avataravad ke anusar, eeshvar tab avatar leta hai, jab dharm ki hani hoti hai. dharm aur samaj ko vyavasthit karane ke lie hi ashutosh shiv ka agaman dakshin-bharat ke keral rajy ke kaladi़ gram mean hua tha . vah apane brahman mata-pita ki ekamatr santan the. shankar ke bachapan mean hi unake pita ka dehant ho gaya . arambh se hi sanyas ki taraph ruchi ke karan alpayu mean hi agrah karake mata se sanyas ki anumati lekar guru ki khoj mean nikal p de.
janm
shankarachary ka janm dakshin bharat ke keral mean avasthit 'kalaval gram' mean 788 ee. mean hua tha. unhoanne apane jivan ka adhikaansh samay uttar bharat mean vyatit kiya. unake dvara sthapit 'advait vedaant sampraday' 9vian shatabdi mean kafi lokapriy hua. unhoanne prachin bharatiy upanishadoan ke siddhantoan ko punarjivan pradan karane ka prayatn kiya. unhoanne eeshvar ko poorn vastavikata ke roop mean svikar kiya aur sath hi is sansar ko bhram ya maya bataya. unake anusar ajnani log hi eeshvar ko vastavik n manakar sansar ko vastavik manate haian. jnani logoan ka mukhy uddeshy apane ap ko bhamr v maya se mukt karana evan eeshvar v brahm se tadamy sthapit karana hona chahie. shankarachary ne varn par adharit brahman pradhan samajik vyavastha ka samarthan kiya. shankarachary ne sannyasi samuday mean sudhar ke lie upamahadvip mean charoan dishaoan mean char mathoan ki sthapana ki.
shiksha
thumb|adi shankarachary adi shankarachary ne apani anany nishtha ke phalasvaroop apane sadaguru se shastroan ka jnan hi nahian prapt kiya balki brahmatv ka bhi anubhav kiya. jivan ke vyavaharik aur adhyatmik paksh ki satyata ko isane jahaan kashi mean ghati do vibhinn ghatanaoan ke dvara jana, vahian mandan mishr se hue shastrarth ke bad parakaya pravesh dvara us yatharth ka bhi anubhav kiya, jise sanyas ki maryada mean bhoga nahian ja sakata. yahi karan hai ki kuchh batoan ke bare mean poorvagrah dikhate hue bhi lok sangrah ke lie, achary shankar adhyatm ki charam sthiti mean kisi tarah ke bandhan ko svikar nahian karate. apani mata ke jivan ke aantim kshanoan mean pahuanchakar putr hone ke kartavy ka palan karana is sandarbh mean atyant mahattvapoorn ghatana hai.
rachanaean v vyaktitv
shankarachary ne upanishadoan, shrimadbhagavad gita evan brahmasootr par bhashy likhe haian. upanishad, brahmasootr evan gita par likhe gaye shankarachary ke bhashy ko 'prasthanatrayi' ke antargat rakhate haian. shankarachary ne hindoo dharm ke sthayitv, prachar-prasar evan pragati mean apoorv yogadan diya. unake vyaktitatv mean guru, darshanik, samaj evan dharm sudharak, vibhinn matoan tatha sampradayoan ke samanvayakarta ka roop dikhaee p data hai. shankarachary apane samay ke utkrisht vidvan evan darshanik the. itihas mean unaka sthan inake 'advait siddhant' ke karan amar hai. gau dapad ke shishy 'govind yogi' ko shankarachary ne apana pratham guru banaya. govind yogi se unhean 'paramahans' ki upadhi prapt huee. kuchh vidvan shankarachary par bauddh shoonyavad ka prabhav dekhate haian tatha unhean 'prachchhann bauddh' ki sanjna dete haian.
| math | pradesh |
|---|---|
| jyotishapith, badrinath | uttarakhand (himalay mean sthit) |
| govardhanapith, puri | u disa |
| sharadapith, dvarika | gujarat |
| shrriangeripith, maisoor | karnatak |
hindoo dharm ki punah sthapana
unhean hindoo dharm ko punah sthapit evan pratishthit karane ka shrey diya jata hai . ek taraph unhoanne advait chintan ko punarjivit karake sanatan hindoo dharm ke darshanik adhar ko sudridh kiya, to doosari taraph unhoanne janasamany mean prachalit moortipooja ka auchity siddh karane ka bhi prayas kiya . sanatan hindoo dharm ko dridh adhar pradan karane ke liye unhoanne virodhi panth ke mat ko bhi aanshik taur par aangikar kiya . shankar ke mayavad par mahayan bauddh chintan ka prabhav mana jata hai . isi adhar par unhean prachhann buddh kaha gaya hai .
moksh aur jnan
[[chitr:Vidyashankara Temple shrangeri.jpg|thumb|left|vidyashankar mandir, shrriangeri pith, karnatak]] achary shankar jivan mean dharm, arth aur kam ko nirarthak manate haian. yadi inake dvara param purusharth moksh nahian sadhata. aur moksh ke lie ve jnan ko advait jnan ka param sadhana manate haian. kyoanki jnan samast karmoan ko jalakar bhasm kar deta hai. srishti ka vivechan karate samay ki isaki utpatti kaise hoti hai. ve isaka mool karan brahm ko manate haian. vah brahm apani 'maya' shakti ke sahayog se is srishti ka nirman karata hai, aisi unaki dharana hai. lekin yahaan yah nahian bhoolana chahie ki shakti aur shaktiman ek hi haian. donoan mean koee aantar nahian hai. is prakar srishti ke vivechan se ek bat aur bhi spasht hoti hai ki paramatma ko sarvavyapak kahana bhi bhool hai, kyoanki vah sarvaroop hai. vah anekaroop ho gaya, 'yah anekata hai hi nahian', 'maian ek hooan bahut ho jaooan' addhait mat ka yah kathan sanket karata hai ki shaitan ya buri atma ka koee astitv nahian hai. aisa kahian dikhaee bhi deta hai, to vah vastutah nahian hai bhram hai bas. jivoan aur brahmaiv naparah- jiv hi brahm hai any nahian.
nishkam upasana
aise mean bandhan aur mukti jaise shabd bhi khelamatr haian. vicharoan se hi vyakti bandhata hai. usi ke dvara mukt hota hai. bhavarog se mukt hone ka ekamatr upay hai vichar. usi ke lie nishkam karm aur nishkam upasana ko achary shankar ne sadhana bataya. nishkam hone ka arth hai sansar ki vastuoan ki kamana n karana, kyoanki sharirik maang to prarabdhata se poori hogi, aur manovaijnanik chah ki koee sima nahian hai. is saty ko janakar apane kartavyoan ka palan karana tatha eeshvariy satta ke prati samarpan ka bhav, alasy prasad se uthakar chitt ko nishchal bana degean, jisamean jnan tikega.
buddhi, bhav aur karm ka santulan
[[chitr:Sringeri Sharada Peeth.jpg|thumb|shrriangeri pith, sharada, karnatak
Sringeri Peeth, Sharada, Karnataka]]
achary ne buddhi, bhav aur karm in tinoan ke santulan par jor diya hai. is tarah vaidantik sadhana hi samagr sadhana hai. kabhi-kabhi lagata hai ki achary shankar paramparavadi haian. lekin vastavikata aisi nahian hai. unaki chhoti-chhoti lekin mahattvapoorn rachanaoan se is bat ka spasht sanket milata hai. parampara ka nirvah karate hue bhi unaka lakshy 'saty' pratipadan karana hai. prashnattari mean kahe is shlokaansh se sanket milata hai, pashuoan mean bhi pashu vah hai jo dharm ko janane ke bad bhi usaka acharan nahian karata aur jisane shastroan ka adhyayan kiya hai, phir bhi use atmabodh nahian hua hai. isi prakar 'bhaj govindam' mean bahari roop-svaroop ko nakarate hue ve kahate haian ki jo sansar ko dekhate hue bhi nahian dekhata hai, usane apana pet bharane ke lie tarah-tarah ke vastr dharan kie hue haian.
vyavaharik saty
jivan ke param saty ko vyavaharik saty ke sath jo dane ke karan hi aparokshanubhooti ke bad achary shankar maun baithakar usaka anand nahian lete, balki samooche bharatavarsh mean ghoom-ghoom kar usake roop-svaroop ko nikharane mean tatpar hote haian. mano tyag-vairagy aur nivritti ke moortaroop hoan, lekin pravritti ki parakashtha hai unamean shriram, shri krishna ki tarah.
jagadaguru
char mathoan ki sthapana, dashanam sanyas ko suvyavasthit roop dena, sagun-nirgan ka bhed mitane ka prayas, harihar nishtha ki sthapana ye kary hi unhean jagadaguru pad par pratishthit karate haian. svami vivekanand, svami ramatirth jaise yuva sanyasiyoan ne videshoan mean jakar jis vedaant ka ghosh kiya, vah shankar vedaant hi to tha. jagadaguru kahalana, keval us parampara ka nirvah karana aur svayan ko us roop mean pratishthit karana bilkul alag-alag batean haian. aj bharat ko ek aise hi mahan vyaktitv ki avashyakata hai jisamean yogi, kavi, bhakt, karmanishth aur shastriy jnan ke sath hi janakalyan ki bhavana ho, jo saty ke lie sarvasv ka tyag karane ko udyat ho.
ekadandi
- shankarachary dvara sthapit dasanami sannyasiyoan mean se pratham tin (tirth, ashram evan sarasvati) vishesh sammany mane jate haian.
- inamean keval brahman hi sammilit ho sakate haian. shesh sat vargoan mean any varnoan ke log bhi a sakate haian, kintu dand dharan karane ke adhikari brahman hi haian.
maniman
- shankarachary evan madhvachary ke shishyoan mean paraspar ghor pratispardha rahati thi.
- madhv apane ko vayu dev ka avatar kahate the tatha shankar ko mahabharat mean udadhrit ek aspasht vyakti, maniman ka avatar manate the.
sanbandhit lekh