आरियन

ariyan (eriyan, paklaviyas ariyanas), bithiniya mean nikomediya ka grik nivasi. janm l. 96 ee. mean mrityu l. 180 ee. mean. itihasakar aur darshanaki jo hadriyan, aantoniyas piyas aur markas oriliyas namak roman samratoan ka samakalin tha. samrath hadriyan usaka b da adar karata tha aur usane use kappadoshiya ka shasak bana diya. itana uchch pad tab tak kisi grik ko n mila tha. usane adhikatar lekhanakary shasan se avakash prapt karane par kiya. vah epiktetas ka shishy aur mitr raha tha. usake darshan ke sanbandh mean usane anek vicharatmak nibandh likhe. par adhik vikhyat ariyan itihasakar ke roop mean hai. usake aitihasik vrittaant paryapt pramanik haian. itihas to usane anek likhe par sikandar sanbandhi sabase adhik vikhyat hai. sikandar ke rajyarohan se lekar usaki mrityu tak ki sabhi ghatanaean usamean aankit haian jinhean usane tolemi adi siankadar ke senapatiyoan ki aankhoan dekhi ghatanaoan ke adhar par likha. at: yah vrittaant sikandar ka samakalin se pramanik ho jata hai. usase sikandar ki panjab vijay par bhi prabhoot prakash p data hai. ariyan ne bharat ke sanbandh mean ek aur granth bhi likha-'iandika', jisamean sikandarakalin bharatiy itihasadi ke sanbandh mean samagri bhari p di he. bharat ke pashchimi sansar ke sath sagariy vyapar sanbandhi ek prasiddh granth, 'irihthrayan sagar ka periplas', bhi bahut kal tak usi ka likha mana jata tha, parantu ab pray: pramanit ho gaya hai ki us granth ko kisi aur ne usake bad likha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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