किंदी
kiandi aboo yoosfu ibne isahaq alakiandi arab ke prasiddh darshanik the. darshanashastr, jyotish, bhautik vijnan, prakash vijnan[1] kimiya tatha sangitashastr jaise tatkalin sabhi jnan vijnan mean unhoanne b di dakshata prapt ki thi. vah apane kal ke bahut b de jyotishi mane jate the. uttar kalin yoonani vicharadhara ke anusar kiandi ko tatvajnani athava vicharavadi mana jata hai. unhoanne nav-paithegorasavadi ganit ko samast vijnanoan ka adhar mana aur afalatoon (pleto) tatha arastu ke vicharoan ka nav pleto sanbandhi dhang se samanvay ka prayatn kiya. kiandi ne prakash vijnan par bhi vishad roop se prakash dala.
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janm
kiandi ka janm koofa mean 9vian sadi ee. ke madhy hua tha. vah dakshin arab vanshiy hone ke karan phailasoophul arab athava arab ka darshanik kahalaya. unaki shiksha-diksha basara aur bagadad mean huee thi. vahian rahakar vah unnati ke shikhar par pahuanche. vah abbasi khalifaoan ke darabar mean vibhinn padoan par rahe.[2]
ashray
khalifa mamoon (813 ee. - 833 ee.) tatha khalifa motasim (833 ee. - 852 ee.) unake bahut b de ashrayadata the. unhean kabhi yoonani darshanikoan ke granth ke anuvadak evan sanpadak ka pad, kabhi rajajyotishi ka pad prapt hota raha. us samay abbasi khaliphaoan ke darabar mean motajela darshan ka b da jor tha. inaka mool siddhaant tha ki eeshvar dikhaee nahian de sakata; adami jo kuchh karata hai, vah svayan karata hai, eeshvar kuchh nahian karata. kiantu jab khalifa mutavakkil (874 ee. - 861ee.) ke samay is vicharadhara ka daman hua tab kiandi ko kafi hani uthani p di.
rachana
darshanashastr, jyotish, bhautik vijnan, prakash vijnan, kimiya tatha sangitashastr jaise tatkalin sabhi jnan vijnan mean unhoanne b di dakshata prapt ki thi. kaha jata hai ki kiandi ne lagabhag 265 granthoan ki rachana ki, kiantu durbhagyavash lagabhag sabhi granth nasht ho ge. keval ve hi granth bach rahe, jinaka arabi se latini bhasha mean anuvad ho gaya tha. 10vian shati ee. ke vidvanoan ke ganit tatha darshanashastr sanbandhi siddhaantoan mean usaki chhap spasht roop mean lakshit hoti hai. vah apane kal ke bahut b de jyotishi mane jate the, kiantu unhean keval jyotish ke mool siddhaantoan ke prati hi ruchi thi, phalit jyotish mean nahian. kimiya ke sanbandh mean unaka mat tha ki sona keval khanoan se hi prapt ho sakata hai, aur kisi oshadhi dvara taanbe athava pital ko sona nahian banaya ja sakata. unake sangitashastr sanbandhi granthoan par yoonani prabhav dikhaee deta hai. kiandi ne tal athava theka[3] ko arabi sangit ka vishesh aang bataya.[2]
tatvajnani athava vicharavadi
uttarakalin yoonani vicharadhara ke anusar kiandi ko tatvajnani athava vicharavadi mana jata hai. unhoanne nav-paithegorasavadi ganit ko samast vijnanoan ka adhar mana aur afalatoon (pleto) tatha arastu ke vicharoan ka nav pleto sanbandhi dhang se samanvay ka prayatn kiya. unhoanne ganit ke siddhaantoan ka prayog bhautik shastr mean hi nahian kiya, apitu chikitsashastr mean bhi kiya. unaka mat tha ki shitalata, ushnata, jalahinata athava nami jaise prakritik gun prakriti mean ek jyomit anupat mean mishrit haian. unhoanne oshadhiyoan ke prabhav tatha unaki prakriya ki vyakhya isi jyomit anupat ke adhar par ki thi. isi karan yoorop ke punarjagaran kal ke darshanik kardan ne unhean 12 vilakshan buddhi valoan mean se ek mana hai.
prakash vijnan
kiandi ne prakash vijnan par bhi vishad roop se prakash dala. thion dvara shodhit unaki is vishay ki mukhy kriti 'yuklid' prakash vijnan par adharit hai. is rachana mean unhoanne nimnalikhit batoan ka pratipadan kiya hai-
- prakash ka sidhi rekhaoan mean chalana
- drishti ki sidhi riti
- darpan dvara drishti ki riti
- drishti ke kon tatha doori ka drishti par prabhav evan drishti sanbandhi bhraantiyaan
unake matanusar prakash ki kiranean ek sthan se doosare sthan tak pahuanchane mean koee samay nahian letian. hamari aankh ke shankvakar ban jane par prakash kiranean aankh se nikalakar kisi vastu vishesh par p dati haian aur un kiranoan ke us vastu par p dane ke karan hi hamako us vastu ko dekh lene ka anubhav hota hai. jis samay hamari any char indriyaan kisi vastu ke sanpark mean akar usake dvara utpann prabhavoan ka anubhav kar rahi hoti haian, us samay hamari drigiandriy tatkshan apani vastu ko teji se pak d leti hai.[2]
kiandi ka mat
kiandi ka mat tha ki eeshvar tatha nakshatr jagath ke madhy mean atma ka jagath hai. us jivatma ne hi nakshatr mandal ka srijan kiya hai. manushy atma ki utpatti is jagadatma se hi huee hai. jahaan tak manushyatma ka sharir se sanbandh hone ka prashn hai, yah nakshatroan ke prabhav par nirbhar hai. parantu jahaan tak atma ki adhyatmik utpatti tatha astitv ka prashn hai, yah svatantr hai, kyoanki buddhijagat mean hi svatantrata tatha amritatv hai. at: yadi paramotkarsh ki prapti ki hamari ichchha hai to hamean eeshvar bhay, jnan tatha satkary jaisi buddhi ki chirasthayi sanpattiyoan ko prapt karane ki or lag jana chahie.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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