खलनायक

khalanayak (aangrezi: Villain) vah purush kalakar hai jo sinema ya natak mean kisi charitr ka abhinay karata hai. vah abhinayakarta khalanayak kahalate haian. abhinay ki kala ka jnan hi khalanayak ke bhav prastutikaran ko sarthak banata hai. bharatiy sinema ke pahale dashak mean dharmik kathaoan aur kianvadantiyoan par sari filmean banian. kyoanki is nee vidha mean katha prastut karane ke jnan aur sadhan ki kami thi aur darshak apani in suni huee kahaniyoan ki saksham abhivyakti ke abhav mean bhi inhean poori tarah samajh leta tha.

nayak aur khalanayak

pauranik kathaoan ke nayak dev the aur khalanayak rakshas gan. isake bad itihas par adharit filmoan mean dusht shaktiyoan se darshak parichit the. gramin parivesh ki filmoan mean tanashah zamiandar aur soodakhor mahajan khalanayak ke roop mean prastut kie ge. shahari parivesh ki filmoan mean lalachi vyakti ya makan malik ya mil malik ko khalanayak ki tarah prastut kiya gaya aur prem kathaoan mean asvikrit premi ko khalanayak mana gaya. sitaroan ke uday ke bad kalakaroan ka chayan mahatvapoorn ho gaya, masalan nyoo thiyetars ki ‘vidyapati’ mean raja ki bhoomika mean suandar sugathit prithviraj kapoor ke hone ke karan maharani ke sath prem karate hue kavi ka patr darshakoan ko khalanayak sa laga. shashadhar mukharji ki 1943 mean pradarshit ‘qismat’ mean aparadhi ka patr hi nayak raha kyoanki ashok kumar ne use abhinit kiya tha. yah eanti nayak chhavi ki pahali film thi aur is vidha ka bharapoor vikas 30 varsh bad amitabh bachchan ko abhinit filmoan mean dekha gaya. tinoo anand ki ‘shahanshah’ mean amitabh kahate haian ki jahaan ve kh de hote haian, vahi nyayalay hai aur unaki ichchha hi qanoon hai. kuchh kalakaroan ki chhavi itani lokapriy ho jati hai ki unake dvara abhinit patr darshakoan ko nayak hi lagata hai. isi dhara ki agali k di mean shaharukh khan abhinit ‘bajigar’, ‘dar’ aur ‘d aaun’ mean aparadhi hi nayak hai.

gaandhi ka prabhav

bharat mean sinema ka janm 1913 mean hua aur dakshin aphrika se mahatma gaandhi 1914 mean bharat ae. unaka prabhav sabhi kshetroan aur vidhaoan par p da, shayad isi karan pahale char dashak tak khalanayak barbar nahian the aur unake charitr bhi suparibhashit nahian the. us daur mean prem ya achchhaee ka virodh karane vale samajik kuprathaoan aur aandh vishvas se grasit log the. ‘achhoot kanya’ mean prem-katha ke virodh karane vale jati pratha mean sachamuch vishvas karate the. isi tarah mehaboob khan ki ‘nazama’ mean paranparik mooly vala musalim sasur parada pratha asvikar karane vali d aauktar bahu ka virodh karata hai aur aant mean parada nahian karane ke karan hi vah sasur ke hridayaghat ko samay rahate samajh leti hai aur unake pran bachati hai. us daur mean adhikaansh khalanayak buri samajik prathaoan mean vishvas karane vale nirih prani haian. ‘duniya na mane’ 1937 ka vriddh vidhur yuva kanya se vivah ko apana adhikar hi manata hai aur gaandhi ji ke ashram se lauti usaki beti use anyay se parichit karati hai.

mahajan se dakoo tak ka saphar

‘sahookari pash’ mean prastut soodakhor mahajan sadat husain manto dvara likhi gee ‘kisan hatya’ se hote hue apani anyatam abhivyakti mehaboob khan ki ‘aurat’ 1939 mean prapt kar abhineta kanhaiyalal ne isi bhoomika ko ek bar phir 1956 mean ‘madar iandiya’ mean prastut kiya. mahajan khalanayak ke patr ki jhalak dostoviski ke upanyas ‘kraim eand panishameant’ se prerit ramesh sahagal ki ‘phir subah hogi’ mean bhi dikhi. mahatmaoan ke desh ke mean dakoo har kal khand mean rahe haian aur ye lokapriy khalanayak siddh hue. 'madar iandiya' ka mahajan khauf paida karata hai azadi ki alasabhor mean pradarshit rajakapoor ki ‘avara’ mean keen sianh abhinit dakoo patr itana sahriday tha ki daee ke yah batane par ki vah garbhavati ka apaharan kar le aya hai, vah use mukt kar deta hai. bharat mean dakoo ki ek chhavi r aaubinahud numa vyakti ki bhi rahi hai aur use nayak ki tarah bhi mana gaya hai. samaj mean vyapt anyay aur shoshan ke karan majaboori mean dakoo banane vale patr lokapriy rahe haian aur sunil datt ki satahi ‘mujhe jine do’ ke bad yah patr dilip kumar ki ‘ganga-jamuna’ mean 'klasik dayameanshan' pata hai.

dakoo se raja ka saphar

dakoo apane barbar svaroop mean ramesh sippi ki ‘shole’ mean prastut hota hai aur ‘gabbar’ nayakoan se adhik lokapriyata prapt karata hai. darasal gabbar ke charitr mean barbarata ke sath sanakipan ko jo dakar use k aaumiks ke khalanayakoan ke samakaksh kh da kar diya gaya hai. usaki apar lokapriyata ke karan kuchh netaoan ne usake adhar par apani chhavi gadhi aur sanakipan rashtriy samajik vyavahar ka hissa ban gaya. jivan aur kala ke bich apasi len-den ke rishte aise hi chalate rahate haian. ganatantr vyavastha apanane ke bad bhi bharatiy samaj ka manas samantavadi raha hai aur dakoo ko jangal ke raja ke roop mean hi svikar kiya gaya. apravasi bharatiy darshakoan ke ashray ke karan d aaular sinema ke panapane ke karan vigat dashak mean dakoo filmean nahian banian. mahanagaroan ke simeant ke jangal ke khalanayak dakuoan ke hi ne svaroop haian. gabbar sianh khalanayak hokar bhi film par havi raha. azadi ke bad samajavadi samaj ki rachana ke adarsh ke karan ek aisi arthik niti samane aee jisane bhrashtachar ko jangal ghas ki tarah phailane ke avasar die aur avyavaharik kantrol ke karan taskari ka svarn yug praranbh hua. filmoan mean taskar khalanayak ka uday hua, nakali karansi banane valoan ka varchasv bana. samajavadi svapn ke karan poojipati ko khalanayak banaya gaya, masalan rajakapoor ki film ‘shri 420’ mean seth sonachand dharmanand chunav bhi l data hai aur kale dhandhoan ki film ‘ath sau chalis’ hai. yah us yug ki bat hai jab arthaniti 'seantar' mean thi aur aj jab arthaniti ki rachana mean ‘lepht’ shamil hai, ‘guroo’ jaisi film banati hai jisamean pooanjipati punah khalanayak hote hue bhi nayak ki tarah prastut hai aur akhiri ril mean vah svayan ko mahatma gaandhi ke samakaksh kh da karane ka bachakana prayas bhi karata hai. dukh ki bat hai ki usake prayas par sinemagharoan mean taliyaan bhi bajaee gee haian. khalanayak ki chhavi mean yah parivartan samaj ke badalate hue moolyoan ko rekhaankit karata hai.

vikas se panape aparadhi

paanchave aur chhathe dashak mean hi devanand ke sinema par doosare vishvayuddh ke samay mean amarika mean panape (noir) ne sinema ka prabhav raha aur khalanayak bhi jarayam pesha aparadhi rahe haian jo mahanagaroan ke aniyojit vikas ki kokh se janmean the. samaj mean haji mastan ka uday hua. salim javed ne ‘madar iandiya’ aur ‘ganga jamuna’ tatha marlin bredoan abhinit ‘vatar phrant’ se prabhavit hokar haji mastan ki chhavi mean ‘divar’ ke eanti nayak ko gadha jisamean us kalakhand ka akrosh bhi abhivyakt hua. film 'banti aur babali' mean aparadhi hi film ke nayak-nayika the. isi samay se nayak khalanayak ki chhaviyoan ka mel-jol bhi praranbh hua. isi kalakhand mean shyam benegal ki ‘aankur’ aur ‘nishaant’ mean khalanayak zamiandar hi rahe parantu ab ve rajaniti mean sakriy ho chuke the. rajaniti mean aparadh ka samavesh neharoo ki mrityu ke bad tivragati se hua aur filmoan mean bhi neta ke patr ko khalanayak ki tarah prastut kiya gaya jaisa ham rahul ravail ki film ‘arjun’ aur amitabh abhinit ki film ‘akhiri rasta’ aur ‘ianqalab’ ityadi mean dekhate haian. pulis mean aparadh ke pravesh ko goviand nihalani ki ‘ardhasaty’ mean rekhaankit kiya gaya aur pulis ke rajanitikaran aur jativad ke grahan ko ‘dev’ mean prastut kiya gaya.

nayak-khalanayak ka bhed

‘b aaurdar’ 1996 aur ‘gadar’ 1999 ki saphalata ke bad pakistan ko khalanayak ki tarah prastut kiya gaya parantu in do filmoan ke pradarshan ke bad is tarah ki sari filmean asaphal rahian aur avam ne spasht kar diya ki bharat ke kasht ke lie sirf pakistan jimmedar nahian hai. bharatiy sinema ka arthashastr aur vichar prakriya sitara keandrit ban chuki hai, isalie lokapriy sitara ek hi film mean nayak bhi hai, khalanayak bhi hai aur hasy abhineta bhi hai goyaki vah nayika ki bhoomika chho dakar sab kuchh kar raha hai aur usake har svaroop mean sahanubhooti usi ke sath hai. atankavad ke uday ke bad ‘gulami’ jaisi filmoan mean aeeesaee ejeant ko khalanayak ki tarah prastut kiya gaya parantu ye lahar bhi zyada samay nahian chali. vigat dashak mean koee film aisi nahian aee jisamean 'gabbar' ya 'mogambo' ki tarah barbar aur sanaki nayak prastut hue haian kyoanki samaj ke nayak-khalanayak ka aantar mitata ja raha hai. hamari sansad aur vidhanasabhaoan mean dagi logoan ka pratishat badh gaya hai. arthik udaravad ke bad jivan shaili aur mooly mean aantar a gaya hai. d aaular sinema aur maltiplaiks ne khalanayak ko ya to gair zaroori kar diya hai ya ‘d aaun’, ‘dhoom’ aur ‘banti-babali’ ki tarah dagi charitroan ko mahamandit kar diya gaya hai. svayan phraansis phord kapola ne svikar kiya tha ki g aaudaphadar-I mean aparadh abha mandit ho gaya hai. 'guru' film mean arthik aparadh karane vala khalanayak hi nayak banakar vahavahi lootata raha vigat dashak mean bharat mean kuchh logoan ko vipul dhan kamane ke avasar mile haian aur ek ‘chamakadar bharat’ ki chhavi ubhari hai. is sanpada ne desh ke jalasa-ghar mean hasy udyog kh da kar diya hai jabaki sachamuch prasann deshoan ki soochi mean hamara nanbar 46 hai. phir bhi vatavaran mean thahake haian, galiyaroan mean g aausip hai, yatharth par ayatharth ka bhari saty hai. shayad inhian sab arthik, samajik aur rajanitik karanoan se sinema ko khalanayak vihin kar diya gaya aur bharatiy sinema ki us paranpara ka lop sa ho gaya jisamean nayak ka qad khalanayak ki barbarata ke manadand par mapa jata tha. vah apane mool roop mean lautega kyoanki vah uttejak hai.

bharatiy sinema mean khalanayak ki bhoomika nibhane vale kuchh mukhy khalanayakoan ki soochi

1. bob kristo
2. amarish puri
3. dayakishan saproo
4. prem chop da
5. jivan (abhineta)
6. ajit
7. kadar khan
8. amajad khan
9. lakshmikaant

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh