गया

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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gaya
vivaran jharakhand aur bihar ki sima aur phalgu nadi ke tat par basa gaya bihar ka ek pramukh nagar hai.
rajy bihar
zila gaya
bhaugolik sthiti uttar- 24°45′; poorv- 85°01′
marg sthiti gaya bodhagaya se 17 kilomitar, nalanda se 101 kilomitar, rajagir se 78 kilomitar, patana se 135 kilomitar, varanasi se 252 kilomitar, kalakatta se 495 kilomitar doori par sthit hai.
kaise pahuanchean havaee jahaj, rel, bas, taiksi
havaee adda gaya havaee adda
relave steshan gaya relave steshan
bas adda gaya bas adda
yatayat taiksi, aauto-riksha, saikil riksha
kahaan thaharean hotal, atithi grah, dharmashala
es.ti.di. kod 0-631
e.ti.em lagabhag sabhi
chitr:Map-icon.gif googal manachitr
sanbandhit lekh bodhagaya, mahabodhi mandir, shraddh bhasha hiandi aur bhojapuri
any janakari kaha jata hai ki shraddh ke samay mean yahaan phalgu nadi ke tat par piandadan karane se mrit vyakti ko baikuanth ki prapti hoti hai.
bahari k diyaan adhikarik vebasait

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gaya (aangrezi: Gaya) jharakhand aur bihar ki sima aur phalgu nadi ke tat par basa bihar ka ek pramukh nagar hai. varanasi ki tarah gaya ki prasiddhi mukhy roop se ek dharmik nagari ke roop mean hai. pitripaksh ke avasar par yahaan hazaroan shraddhalu piandadan ke liye jutate haian. gaya s dak, rel aur vayu marg dvara poore bharat se achchhi tarah ju da hai. navanirmit 'gaya aantarrashtriy havaee adda' dvara yah thailaiand se bhi sidhe ju da hua hai. gaya se 17 kilomitar ki doori par bodhagaya sthit hai jo bauddh tirth sthal hai aur yahian 'bodhivriksh' ke niche bhagavan buddh ko jnan ki prapti huee thi.

manyata

gaya bihar ke mahattvapoorn tirthasthanoan mean se ek hai. yah shahar khasakar hindoo tirth yatriyoan ke lie kafi mashahoor hai. yahaan ka 'vishnupad mandir' paryatakoan ke bich lokapriy hai. dantakathaoan ke anusar bhagavan vishnu ke paanv ke nishan par is mandir ka nirman karaya gaya hai. hindoo dharm mean is mandir ko aham sthan prapt hai. gaya pitridan ke lie bhi prasiddh hai. kaha jata hai ki yahaan phalgu nadi ke tat par piandadan karane se mrit vyakti ko baikuanth ki prapti hoti hai. adhunik kal mean bhi sabhi dharmik hinduoan ki drishti mean gaya ka vilakshan mahattv hai. isake itihas prachinata, puratattv-sambandhi avasheshoan, isake chaturdik pavitr sthaloan, isamean kiye jane vale shraddh-karmoan tatha gaya valoan ke vishay mean bahut-se matoan ka udghosh kiya gaya hai. gaya ke vishay mean sabase mahattvapoorn granth hai 'gayamahatmay'.[1] vidvanoan ne gayamahatmay ke adhyayoan ki prachinata par sandeh prakat kiya hai. rajendralal mitr ne ise tisari ya chauthi shatabdi mean pranit mana hai. o' maili ne 'gayasur ki gatha' ka avishkar 14vian ya 15vian shatabdi ka mana hai, kyoanki unake mat se gayaval vaishnav haian, jo madhvachary dvara sthapit sampraday ke samarthak haian aur hari narasianhapur ke mahant ko apana guru manate haian kintu yah mat asangat hai.

mahabharat mean gaya

d aau. barooa ne vyakhya karake yah pratishthapit kiya hai ki gaya-mahatmy 13vian ya 14vian shatabdi ke poorv ka likha hua nahian ho sakata. d aau. barooa ka nishkarsh do karanoan se asangat thahar jata hai. ve vanaparv, mahabharat mean paye jane vale vrittant ki jaanch karate haian aur usaki tulana gayamahatmy ke apekshakrit adhik poorn vrittaant se karake nimn nishkarsh nikalate haian- 'mahabharat mean varnit gaya pramukhat: dharmaraj yam, brahma evan shiv shooli ka tirthasthal hai, aur vishnu evan vaishnavavad nam ya bhavana ke roop mean isase sambandhit nahian ho sakate. brahmayoop, shivaliang evan vrishabh ke atirikt yahaan kisi any moorti ya mandir ke nirman ki or sanket nahian milata.' [[chitr:Thai-Temple-Bodhgaya.jpg|thumb|250px|left|thaee mandir, bodhagaya, bihar]] rrigved ke do sooktoan ke rachayita plati ke putr gay the. rrigved[2] mean aya hai 'astavi jano divyo gayen'.[3] ye rrigved ke ek rrishi haian. rrigved mean 'gay' shabd 'a y' arthoan mean bhi aya hai jinaka yahaan ullekh asangat hai. atharvaved[4] mean asit evan kashyap ke sath gay namak ek vyakti jadoogar ya aindrajalik ke roop mean varnit hai. vaidik sanhitaoan mean asuroan, dasoan evan rakshasoan ko jadoo evan indrajal mean parangat kaha gaya hai.[5] sanbhav hai ki 'gay' age chalakar 'gayasur' mean parivartit ho gaya ho.

nirookt mean gaya

nirookt[6] ne 'idan vishnurvi chakrame tredha ni dadhe padamh'[7] ki vyakhya karate hue do vishleshan diye haian, jinamean ek prakritik roop ki or tatha doosara bhaugolik ya kianvadanti poorn matoan ki or sanket karata hai- 'vah[8] apane padoan ko tin dhangoan se rakhata hai.' shakapooni ke mat se vishnu apane pad ko prithivi, antariksh evan svarg mean rakhate haian, aurnavabh ke mat se samarohan, vishnupad evan gay-shirsh par rakhate haian[9] vaidik ukti ka tatpary chahe jo ho, kintu yah spasht hai ki eesa ki kee shatabdiyoan poorv isake do vishleshan upasthit ho chuke the, aur yadi buddh ke nirvan ki tithiyaan thik man li jayan to yah kahana yuktisangat hai ki aurnavabh evan yask buddh ke poorv hue the.[10]

vibhinn tathy

[[chitr:Buddha-Statue-Bodhgaya-Bihar.jpg|thumb|250px|buddh pratima, bodhagaya, bihar]]

  • jain evan bauddh granthoan mean aisa aya hai ki raja gay ka rajy gaya ke charoan or tha.
  • uttaradhyayanasootr mean aya hai ki vah rajagrih ke raja samudravijay ka putr tha aur gyarahavaan chakravarti hua.
  • ashvaghosh ke buddhacharit mean aya hai ki rrishi gay ke ashram mean buddh aye, us sant[15] ne nairanjana nadi ke punit tat par apana nivas banaya aur pun: ve gaya ke kashyap ke ashram mean, jo uroobilv kahalata tha, gaye. is granth mean yah bhi aya hai ki vahaan dharmatavi thi, jahaan ve 700 jatil rahate the, jinhean buddh ne nirvan-prapti mean sahayata di thi.
  • vishnudharmasootr[16] mean shraddh ke lie vishnupad pavitr sthal kaha gaya hai. aisa kaha ja sakata hai ki aurnavabh ne kisi kshetr mean kinhian aise tin sthaloan ki or sanket kiya hai jahaan kianvadanti ke adhar par, vishnupad ke chihn dikhaee p date the. [17]inamean do arthath vishnupad evan gayashirsh vikhyat hai; at: aisa kahana tarkahin nahian hai ki 'samarohan' koee sthal hai jo in donoan ke kahian pas mean hi hai. samarohan ka arth hai. 'oopar chadhana', aisa pratit hota hai ki yah shabd phalgu nadi se oopar uthane vali paha di ki chadhaee ki or sanket karata hai. aisa sambhav hai ki yah gitanadit[18] udyant paha di hi hai. 'udyant' ka arth hai 'sooryoday ki paha di'; yah sampoorn aryavart ka dyotak hai. kaha ja sakata hai ki eesa ke 600 varsh poorv arthath buddh ke poorv gaya mean vishnupad evan gay-shirsh ke vishay mean koee parampara sthir ho chuki thi. [[chitr:Tara-Bodh-Gaya.jpg|tara devi, bodhagaya|thumb|left]]
  • d aau. barooa vanaparv ke kuchh shlokoan par nirbhar rah rahe haian[19] mahabharat, vanaparv[20] ne bhishm ke tirth-sambandhi prashnoan ka uttar pulasty dvara dilaya hai. sarvapratham pushkar[21] ka varnan aya hai aur tab bina kram ke jamboomarg, tandulikashram, agasttyasar, mahakal, kotitirth, bhadravat[22], narmada, prabhas evan any tirthoan ka vivechan hua hai.
  • vanaparv [23]mean dhaumy dvara 57 tirthoan (yatha naimish, shakambhari, gangadvar, kanakhal, ganga-yamuna-sangam, kubjabhrak adi) ke nam ginakar gaya ke tirthoan ke vishay mean vivechan upasthit kiya gaya hai. isase spasht hota hai ki prastut lekhak ko any tirthoan ke vishay mean adhik varnan karana abhisht nahian tha. padm puran[24] ne vanaparv ko jyoan-ka-tyoan utara hai, lagata hai, ek-doosare ne donoan ko uddhrit kiya hai. vanaparv mean naimish ka varnan do sthanoan par[25] hua hai aur gaya ka bhi[26] do bar hua hai. gaya ke tirthoan ke nam jis dhang se liye gaye haian aur unaka varnan jis dhang se kiya gaya hai usase yah nahian kaha ja sakata ki vanaparv gaya aur usase sambandhit kianvadantiyoan ke vishay mean vishad varnan karana chahata tha. yah nishkarsh is bat se aur shaktishali ho uthata hai ki anushasanaparv mean tin tirthoan ka jo ullekh hua hai vah vanaparv mean nahian paya jata, yatha- brahmahatya karane vala vyakti gaya mean ashmaprasth (pretashila), niravind ki paha di evan kauanchapadi par vishuddh ho jata hai.[27] ye tinoan tirth vanaparv mean nahian ate. vayu puran[28] mean aravindak ko shilaparvat ka shikhar kaha gaya hai, aur narad puran mean kauanchapad (mund-prasth) ki charcha ki hai. spasht hai ki gayamahatmy mean ullikhit in tin tirthoan ka nam anushasanaparv mean bhi aya hai.

[[chitr:Mahabodhi-Temple-2.jpg|thumb|250px|mahabodhi mandir, bodhagaya, bihar]]

  • d aau. barooa ne gaya ki prachinata ke vishay mean keval vanaparv [29], agni puran [30] evan vayu puran[31] ka hi sahara liya, unhoanne any puranoan ko nahian dekha aur unhoanne yah bhi nahian dekha ki aurnavabh dvara vyakhyat vishnu ke tin pad sanbhavat: gaya ke tirthoan ki or sanket karate haian. padm puran[32], garu d puran[33], narad puran[34] adi mean gaya ke vishay mean vistrit varnan hai aur unake bahut se shlok ek-se haian. mahabharat[35] ka 'savitryastu padan' [36] mean 'savitr padan' aya hai jisaka arth vishnu (savitri) ka pad ho sakata hai. to aisa kahana ki vanaparv mean pratima-sanket nahian milata, d aau. barooa ke bhramak vivechan ka dyotak hai. gaya mean dharm ki pratima bhi thi, kyoanki vanaparv mean aya hai ki yatri dharm ka sparsh karate the (dharm tatrabhisansprishy). isake atirikt bachh de ke sath 'gopad' evan 'savitr pad' ki or bhi sanket milata hai. in udaharanoan se soochit hota hai ki vanaparv mean pratima-poojan ki or sanket vidyaman haian.
  • phahiyan (399-413 ee.) ne likha hai ki usake samay mean hindoo dharm ka nagar gaya samapt pray tha. yah sambhav hai ki chauthi shatabdi ke poorv bhookamp ke karan gaya nagar ke mandir adi nasht-bhrasht ho chuke hoange. prachin pali granthoan evan lalitavistar mean gaya ke mandiroan ka ullekh hai. gaya kee avasthaoan se gujara hai. eesa ki kee shatabdiyoan poorv yah ek samriddhishali nagar tha. eesa ke uparant chauthi shatabdi mean yah nasht pray tha. kintu satavian shatabdi mean hvenasaang ne ise bhara-poora likha hai jahaan brahmanoan ke 1000 kul the. age chalakar jab bauddh dharm ki avanati ho gayi to isake antargat bauddh avasheshoan ki bhi pariganana hone lagi. vayu puran mean varnan aya hai ki gaya pretashila se mahabodhi vriksh tak vistrit hai.[37]
  • d aau. barooa ne d aau. kilaharn dvara sampadit shilalekh ke 12vean shlok[38] ka arth thik se nahian kiya hai. shlok ka anuvad yoan hai-'us buddhiman (rajakumar yakshapal) ne maunadity evan any devoan ki pratimaoan ke lie ek mandir banavaya, usane uttar 'manasasar'[39] banavaya aur akshayavat ke pas ek satr (bhojan-vyavastha ke dan) ki yojana ki.' nayapal ke rajyakal ka yah shilalekh lagabhag 1040 ee. mean utkirn hua. d aau. barooa ka kathan hai ki uttaramanas talab usi samay khoda gaya, aur vah 1040 ee. se prachin nahian ho sakata, at: yah tatha any tirth pashchatkalin haian tatha gayamahatmy, jisamean uttar manas ki charcha hai, 11vian shatabdi ke pashchath likhit hai. kintu d aau. barooa ka yah nishkarsh ati doshapoorn hai. yadi talab shilalekh ke samay pahali bar khoda gaya tha to ise khyat (prasiddh) kahana asambhav hai. khode jane ki kee shatabdiyoan ke uparant hi talab prasiddh ho sakata hai. uttaramanas talab vayu puran[40] mean varnit hai. isase spasht hai ki uttar manas 8vian ya 9vian shatabdi mean prakhyat tha. keval itana hi kaha ja sakata hai ki yah talab mitti se bhar gaya tha at: yah pun: sanh 1040 ke lagabhag khoda gaya ya lamba-chau da banaya gaya. isaka koee any tatpary nahian hai.

[[chitr:Buddha-Statue-Bodhgaya-Bihar-2.jpg|thumb|250px|buddh pratima, bodhagaya, bihar]]

  • gayamahatmy[41] jo sambhavat: vayu puran ke bad ka hai, 13vian ya 14vian shatabdi ka nahian hai arthath kuchh purana hai. kee puranoan evan granthoan se samagriyaan isamean sangrahit ki gayi haian, yatha vanaparv, anushasanaparv, padm puran (1.38), naradiy puran[42]adi. isake bahut se shlok bar-bar duharaye gaye haian. d aau. barooa ne is bat par dhyan nahian diya hai ki vayu puran [43] mean gaya ke bahut-se upatirthoan ka ullekh hua hai. yatha-brahmakoop, prabhas, pretaparvat, uttar manas, udichi, kanakhal, dakshin manas, dharmarany, gadadhar matang. adhyay 70.97-108 mean ye nam aye haian- gridhrakoot, bharat ka ashram, matangapad, mundaprishth evan uttar manas. gayamahatmy ke bahut se shlok smritichandrika (lagabhag 1150-1225) dvara shraddh evan ashauch[44] ke vishay mean uddhrit haian. in batoan ke adhar par yah kaha ja sakata hai ki gayamahatmy 7vian evan 10vian shatabdi ke bich kabhi pranit hua hoga.
  • mahabharat ke vanaparv ke adhyay 87 evan 95 mean aya hai ki poorv ki or (kamyak van se, jahaan par pandav log kuchh samay tak rahe the) badhate hue yatri naimishavan evan gotami ke pas pahuancheange. tab kaha gaya hai ki gaya namak pavitr parvat hai, brahmakoop namak talab hai. isake uparant vah prasiddh shlok hai, jisaka arth hai ki 'vyakti ko bahut-se putroan ki abhilasha karani chahie aur yadi unamean ek bhi gaya jata hai ya ashvamedh karata hai ya nil vrish chho data hai to pitar log tript ho jate haian.[45]
  • isake uparant vanaparv[46] ne pavitr nadi phalgu (mahanadi), gayashir akshayavat ka ullekh kiya hai, jahaan pitaroan ko diya gaya bhojan akshay ho jata hai. vanaparv[47] mean brahmasar (jahaan agasty dharmaraj arthath yam ke pas gaye the, shlok 12), aur akshayavat (shlok 14) ka ullekh hai. isamean aya hai ki amoortaray ke putr raja gay ne ek yajn kiya tha, jisamean bhojan evan dakshina paryapt roop mean di gayi thi. [48]
  • vasishthadharmasootr[49] mean aya hai ki jab vyakti gaya jata hai aur pitaroan ko bhojan deta hai to ve usi prakar prasann hote haian jis prakar achchhi varsha hone se krishakagan prasann hote haian, aur aise putr se pitrigan, sachamuch, putravan ho jate haian. vishnudharmasootr[50] ne shraddh yogy jin 55 tirthoan ke nam diye haian, unamean gaya-sambandhi tirth haian- gayashirsh, akshayavat, phalgu, uttar manas, matang-vapi, vishnupad. gaya mean vyakti jo kuchh dan karata hai usase akshay phal milata hai. atri-smriti (55-58) mean pitaroan ke lie gaya jana, phalgu-snan karana pitritarpan karana, gaya mean gadadhar (vishnu) evan gayashirsh ka darshan karana varnit hai. shankh[51] ne bhi gayatirth mean kiye gaye shraddh se utpann akshay phal ka ullekh kiya hai.[52]
  • likhitasmriti (12-13) ne gaya ki mahatta ke vishay mean yah likha hai- chahe jisake nam se, chahe apane lie ya kisi ke lie gaya-shirsh mean pindadan kiya jay tab vyakti narak mean rahata ho to svarg jata hai aur svarg vala moksh pata hai.[53]

[[chitr:Sujata-Temple-Buddhagaya.jpg|thumb|250px|left|buddh aur sujata, sujata mandir, bodhagaya]]

  • koorm puran mean aya hai ki kee putroan ki abhilasha karani chahie jisase ki yadi unamean koee kisi karyavash gaya jay aur shraddh kare to vah apane pitaroan ki raksha karata hai aur svayan paramapad pata hai.
  • kalpataroo (tirth, pri. 163) dvara uddhrit matsy puran[54] mean aya hai ki gaya pitritirth hai, sarvotkrisht tirth hai aur vahaan brahma rahate haian. matsy puran mean 'eshtavya bahav: putr:' namak shlok aya hai. gayamahatmy[55] mean lagabhag 560 shlok haian. adhyay 105 mean samany batean haian ki shvetavarahakalp mean gay ne yajn kiya aur usi ke nam par gaya ka namakaran hua.[56] pitar log putroan ki abhilasha rakhate haian, kyoanki vah putr jo gaya jata hai vah pitaroan ko narak jane se bachata hai.[57] gaya mean vyakti ko apane pita tatha anyoan ko pind dena chahie, vah apane ko bhi bina til ka pind de sakata hai. gaya mean shraddh karane se sabhi mahapatak nasht ho jate haian. gaya mean putr ya kisi any dvara nam evan gotr ke sath pind pane se shashvat brahm ki prapti hoti hai.[58]

moksh

moksh char prakar ka hota hai (arthath moksh ki utpatti char prakar se hoti hai)—

  • brahmajnan se
  • gayashraddh se
  • gauoan ko bhagaye jane par unhean bachane mean maran se
  • kurukshetr mean nivas karane se, kintu gaya shraddh ka prakar sabase shreshth hai.[59] gaya mean shraddh kisi samay bhi kiya ja sakata hai. adhik mas mean bhi, apani janm-tithi par bhi, jab brihaspati evan shukr n dikhaee p dean tab bhi ya jab brihaspati sianh rashi mean hoan tab bhi brahma dvara pratishthapit brahmanoan ko gaya mean samman dena chahie. kurukshetr, vishala, viraja evan gaya ko chho dakar sabhi tirthoan mean mundan evan upavas karana chahie.[60] sannyasi ko gaya mean pindadan nahian karana chahie. use keval apane dand ka pradarshan karana chahie aur use 'vishnupad' par rakhana chahie.[61] sampoorn gaya kshetr paanch kosoan mean hai. gayashir ek kos mean hai aur tinoan lokoan ke sabhi tirth in donoan mean kendrit haian.[62]

gaya mean pitri-pind

[[chitr:Mahabodhi-Temple-Bodh-Gaya-1.jpg|thumb|mahabodhi mandir, bodhagaya, bihar]] braj mean gaya ki bahut manyata hai, brajavasi gaya mean hi pitri-piand ka dan karate haian. gaya mean pitri-pind nimn vastuoan se diya ja sakata hai; payas (doodh mean pakaya hua chaval), paka chaval, jau ka ata, phal, kandamool, til ki khali, mithaee, ghrit ya dahi ya madhu se mishrit gu d. gayashraddh mean jo vidhi hai, vah hai pindasan banana, pindadan karana, kush par pun: jal chhi dakana, (brahmanoan ko) dakshina dena evan bhojan dene ki ghoshana ya sankalp karana; kintu pitaroan ka avahan nahian hota, digbandh (dishaoan se krity ki raksha) nahian hota aur n (ayogy vyaktiyoan evan pashuoan se) dekhe jane par dosh hi lagata hai. [63] jo log (gaya jaise) tirth par kiye gaye shraddh se utpann poorn phal bhogana chahate haian unhean vishayabhilasha, krodh, lobh chho d dena chahie, brahmachary ka palan karana chahie, keval ek bar khana chahie, prithvi par sona chahie, saty bolana chahie, shuddh rahana chahie aur sabhi jivoan ke kalyan ke lie tatpar rahana chahie. prasiddh nadi vaitarani gaya mean ayi hai, jo vyakti isamean snan karata hai aur godan karata hai vah apane kul ki 21 pidhiyoan ki raksha karata hai. akshayavat ke niche jana chahie aur vahaan (gaya ke) brahmanoan ko santusht karana chahie. gaya mean koee bhi aisa sthal nahian hai jo pavitr n ho.[64]

ek katha

106vean adhyay mean gayasur ki gatha ayi hai. gayasur ne, jo 125 yojan lamba evan 60 yojan chau da tha, kolahal namak parvat par sahastroan varshoan tak tap kiya. usake tap se pi dit evan chintit devata raksha ke lie brahma ke pas gaye. brahma unhean lekar shiv ke pas gaye, jinhoanne vishnu ke pas jane ka prastav kiya. brahma, shiv evan devoan ne vishnu ki stuti ki aur unhoanne prakat hokar kaha ki ve log apane-apane vahanoan par chadhakar gayasur ke pas chalean. vishnu ne usase kathin tap ka karan poochha aur kaha ki vah jo varadan chahe maang le. usane var maanga ki vah devoan, rrishiyoan, mantroan, sannyasiyoan adi se adhik pavitr ho jay. devoan ne 'tathastu' arthath 'aisa hi ho' 'kaha aur svarg chale gaye. jo bhi log gayasur ko dekhate the ya usake pavitr sharir ka sparsh karate the, ve svarg chale jate the. yam ki rajadhani khali p d gayi aur ve brahma ke pas chale gaye. brahma unhean lekar vishnu ke pas gaye. vishnu ne brahma se usase prarthana karane ko kaha ki vah yajn ke lie apane sharir ko de de. gayasur sannaddh ho gaya aur vah dakshin-pashchim hokar prithvi par is prakar gir p da ki usaka sir kolahal parvat par uttar ki or aur pair dakshin ki or ho gaye. brahma ne samagriyaan ekatr kian aur apane man se utpann rritvijoan (jinamean 40 ke nam aye haian) ko bhi bulaya aur gayasur ke sharir par yajn kiya. usaka sharir sthir nahian tha, hil raha tha, at: brahma ne yam se gayasur ke sir par apane ghar ki shila ko rakhane ko kaha. yam ne vaisa hi kiya. kintu tab bhi gayasur ka sharir shila ke sath hilata raha. brahma ne shiv evan any devoan ko shila par sthir kh de hone ko kaha. [[chitr:Mahabodhi-Temple-Bodh-Gaya.jpg|thumb|250px|left|mahabodhi mandir, bodhagaya, bihar]] unhoanne vaisa kiya, kintu tab bhi sharir hilata-dolata raha. tab brahma vishnu ke pas gaye aur unase sharir evan shila ko adig karane ko kaha. is par vishnu ne svayan apani moorti di jo shila par rakhi gayi, kintu tab bhi vah hilati rahi. vishnu us shila par janardan, pundarik evan adi-gadadhar ke tin roopoan mean baith gaye, brahma paanch roopoan (prapitamah, pitamah, phalgvish, kedar evan kanakeshvar) mean baith gaye, vinayak hathi ke roop mean aur soory tin roopoan mean, lakshmi (sita ke roop mean), gauri (mangala ke roop mean), gayatri evan sarasvati bhi baith gayian. hari ne pratham gada dvara gayasur ko sthir kar diya, at: hari ko adi gadadhar kaha gaya. gayasur ne poochha- 'maian pravanchit kyoan kiya gaya hooan? maian brahma ke yajn ke lie unhean apana sharir de chuka hooan. kya maian vishnu ke shabd par hi sthir nahian ho sakata tha (gada se mujhe kyoan pi da di ja rahi hai)?' tab devoan ne usase varadan maangane ko kaha. usane var maanga; 'jab tak prithvi, parvat, soory, chandr evan tare rahean, tab tak brahma, vishnu evan shiv evan any dev shila par rahean. yah tirth mere nam par rahe, sabhi tirth gaya ke madhy mean kendrit hoan, jo paanch kosoan tak vistrit hai aur sabhi tirth gayashir mean bhi rahean jo ek kos vistrit hai aur sabhi logoan ka kalyan karean. sabhi dev yahaan vyakt roopoan (moortiyoan) mean evan avyakt roopoan (padachihn adi) mean achanak nasht ho jaean.' devoan ne 'tathastu' kaha. isake uparant brahma ne rritvijoan ko paanch kosoan vala gaya-nagar, 55 gaanv, susajjit ghar, kalpavriksh evan kamadhenu, dugdh ki ek nadi, sone ke koop, paryapt bhojan adi saman diye, kintu aisi vyavastha kar di ki ve kisi se kuchh maangean nahian. kintu lobhi brahmanoan ne dharmarany mean dharm ke lie yajn kiya aur usaki dakshina maangi. brahmaan ne vahaan akar unhean shap diya aur unase sab kuchh chhin liya. jab brahmanoan ne vilap kiya ki unase sab kuchh chhin liya gaya aur ab unhean jivika ke lie kuchh chahie, tab brahma ne kaha ki ve gaya-yatriyoan ke dan par jieange aur jo log unhean sammanit kareange ve mano unhean (brahma ko) hi sammanit kareange.

shila ki gatha

[[chitr:Bodh-Gaya-Market.jpg|thumb|250px|bodhagaya ka bazar, bihar]] 107vean adhyay mean us shila ki gatha hai jo gayasur ke sir par use sthir karane ke lie rakhi gayi thi. dharm ki dharmavrata namak kanya thi. usake gunoan ke anuroop dharm ko koee var nahian mil raha tha, at: unhoanne use tap karane ko kaha. dharmavrata ne sahastroan varshoan tak keval vayu pikar kathin tap kiya. marichi ne, jo brahma ke manas putr the, use dekha aur apani patni banane ki ichchha prakat ki. dharmavrata ne isake lie unhean pita dharm se prarthana karane ko kaha. marichi ne vaisa hi kiya aur dharm ne apani kanya marichi ko de di. marichi use lekar apane ashram mean gaye aur usase ek sau putr utpann kiye. ek bar marichi shramit hokar so gaye aur dharmavrata se pair dabane ko kaha. jab vah pair daba rahi thi to usake shvasur brahma vahaan aye. vah apane pati ka pair dabana chho dakar unake pita ki avabhagat mean uth p di. isi bich mean marichi uth p de aur apani patni ko vahaan n dekhakar use shila ban jane ka shap de diya. kyoanki pair dabana chho dakar usane unaki ajna ka ullanghan jo kar diya tha. vah nirdosh thi at: krodhit hokar shap dena chaha, kintu rookakar usane kaha- 'mahadev tumhean shap deange.' usane garhapaty agni mean kh de hokar tap kiya aur marichi ne bhi vaisa hi kiya. indr ke sath sada ki bhaanti devagan vichalit ho gaye aur ve vishnu ke pas gaye. vishnu ne dharmavrata se var maangane ko kaha. usane pati ke shap ko mitane ka var maanga. devoan ne kaha ki marichi aise mahanh rrishi ka shap nahian toot sakata, at: vah koee doosara var maange. is par usane kaha ki vah sabhi nadiyoan, rrishiyoan, devoan se adhik pavitr ho jay, sabhi tirth us shila par sthir ho jayean, sabhi vyakti jo us shila ke tirthoan mean snan karean ya pindadan evan shraddh karean, brahmalok chale jayean aur ganga ke saman sabhi pavitr nadiyaan usamean avasthit hoan. devoan ne usaki bat man li aur kaha ki vah gayasur ke sir par sthir hogi aur ham sabhi us par kh de hoange. [65]

shila gayasur ke sir par rakhi gayi aur is prakar do ati punit vastuoan ka sanyog hua, jis par brahma ne ashvamedh kiya aur jab dev arpit ki gee ahutiyoan mean se apana bhag lene ke lie aye to shila ne vishnu evan any logoan se kaha- pran kijie ki ap log shila par avasthit raheange aur pitaroan ko mukti deange. thumb|250px|left|gaya havaee adda, gaya dev man gaye aur akritiyoan evan padachihnoan ke roop mean shila par avasthit ho gaye. shila asur ke sir ke prishth bhag mean rakhi gayi thi at: us parvat ko 'mundaprishth' kaha gaya, jisane pitaroan ko brahmalok diya. isake uparant prabhas namak parvat ka, prabhas parvat evan phalgu ke milan-sthal ke samip ramatirth, bharat ke ashram ka, yamaraj evan dharmaraj tatha shyam evan shabal namak yam ke kuttoan ko di jane vali bali ka, shila ki vam disha ke pas avasthit udyant parvat ka, agatsy kund ka tatha griandhrakoot parvat, chyavan ke ashram, punapuna nadi, krauanchapad evan bhasmakoot par sthit janardan ka varnan aya hai.

gayasur ki gatha se d aau. mitr evan pashchatkalin lekhakoan ke man mean duvidhaean utpann ho gayi haian. d aau. rajendralal mitr ne gayasur ki gatha ko chitr-vichitr evan moorkhatapoorn mana hai. unaka kahana hai ki vah rakshas ya dusht pishach nahian hai, pratyut ek bhakt vaishnav hai.[66] gayasur ki gatha vilakshan nahian hai. puranoan mean aisi gathaean haian jo adhunik logoan ko vyarth evan kalpit lageangi. prahlad ban[67] evan bali[68] aise asur the, jo rakshas ya pishach ke vyavahar se door bhakt vyakti the, kintu unhoanne devoan se yuddh avashy kiya tha. koorm puran[69] mean varnan aya hai ki prahlad ne nrisianh se yuddh kiya tha; padm puran [70] mean aya hai ki usane sarvapratham vishnu se yuddh kiya aur vaishnavi tanu mean pravesh kiya[71]; vaman puran[72] ne usake nar-narayan ke sath hue yuddh ka ullekh kiya hai. pali granthoan[73] mean vah 'paharad' evan 'asurind'[74] kaha gaya hai.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ vayupuran, adhyay 105-112
  2. ↑ rrigved 10.63.17 evan 10.64.17
  3. ↑ daivi purohit gay dvara prashansit hue
  4. ↑ atharvaved, 1.14.4
  5. ↑ rrigved 7.99.4, 7.104.24—25 evan atharvaved 4.23.5
  6. ↑ nirookt 12.19
  7. ↑ rrigved 1.22.17
  8. ↑ vishnu
  9. ↑ tredha nidhatte padamh. prithivyamantarikshe diviti shakapooni:. samarohane gayashirasi-iti aurnavabh:. nirookt (12.19).
  10. ↑ adhikaansh sanskrit-vidvanh nirookt ko kam-se-kam ee.poo. paanchavian shatabdi ka manate haian. aurnavabh nirookt ke poorvakalin haian. viantaranitj ka histri aauph sanskrit litarechar, bhag 1, pri0 69, aangrezi sanskaran. gayashirsh ke vastavik sthal evan vistar ke vishay mean vidvanh ekamat nahian haian. d aau. rajendralal mitr krit 'buddh-gaya' (pri. 19), d aau. barooa (bhag 1,pri. 246) evan saiked buk aauph di eest, jild 13, pri. 134, jahaan kaniangham ne 'gayasis' ko bahmayoni mana hai
  11. ↑ mahabharat, vanaparv 87.11 evan 95.9
  12. ↑ vishnudharmasootr 85.4, yahaan 'gayashirsh' shabd aya hai
  13. ↑ vishnu puran 22.20, jahaan ise brahma ki poorv vedi kaha gaya hai
  14. ↑ mahavagg 1.21.1, jahaan yah aya hai ki uravela mean rahakar buddh sahastroan bhikshuoan ke sath gayasis arthath gayashirsh mean gaye
  15. ↑ bhavishy ke buddh
  16. ↑ vishnudharmasootr 85.40
  17. ↑ maharauli dehali se 9 mil uttar, ke lauh-stambh ke lekh ka antim shlok yoan hai- 'tenayan pranidhay bhoomipatina.... praanshurvishnupade girau bhagavato vishnordhvaj: sthapit:' (guptabhilekh, san. 32, pri. 149). yah stambhabhilekh kisi chandr namak raja ka hai. isase prakat hota hai ki 'vishnupad' namak koee parvat tha. kintu yah nahian prakat hota ki isake pas koee 'gayashirash' namak sthal tha. at: 'vishnupad' evan 'gayashir' sath-sath gaya ki or sanket karate haian. abhilekh mean koee tithi nahian hai, kintu isake aksharoan se prakat hota hai ki yah samudragupt ke kal ke as-pas ka hai. at: vishnupad chauthi shatabdi mean dehali ke pas ke kisi parvat par raha hoga. usi samay ya usake poorv mean yah varnan aya hai ki vipasha nadi ke dakshin mean ek vishnupad tha.
  18. ↑ pakshiyoan ke svar se ganjit
  19. ↑ mahabharat, vanaparv 84.82-103 evan 95.9-21
  20. ↑ mahabharat, vanaparv adhyay 82
  21. ↑ shlok 20-40
  22. ↑ sthanutirth
  23. ↑ mahabharat, vanaparv (84.1.89)
  24. ↑ padm puran (adi, 38.2-19)
  25. ↑ yatha 84.59-64 evan 87.6-7
  26. ↑ yatha 85.82-103 evan 87.8-12
  27. ↑ mahabharat (anushasan parv 25.42)
  28. ↑ vayu puran (109.15)
  29. ↑ mahabharat, vanaparv adhyay 84 evan 95
  30. ↑ agni puran adhyay 114-116
  31. ↑ vayu puran adhyay 105-111
  32. ↑ padm puran adi, 38.2-21
  33. ↑ garu d puran 1, adhyay 82-86
  34. ↑ narad puran uttar, adhyay 44-47
  35. ↑ mahabharat van 82.81
  36. ↑ padm. adi, 38.13
  37. ↑ lagabhag-13 mil
  38. ↑ maunadityasahastraliangakamalardhagiannanarayan,-- dvisomeshvaraphalgunathavijayadityahvayanaan kriti. s prasadamachikaradh divishadaan kedaradevasy ch, khyatasyottaramanasasy khananan satran tatha chakshaye॥ indiyan aintikveri, jild 16, pri. 63
  39. ↑ (manas sarovar)
  40. ↑ vayu puran 77.108, aur yah shlok kalpataroo dvara 1110 ee. mean uddhrit kiya gaya hai, pun: vayu puran (82.21) evan agni puran (115.10)
  41. ↑ vayu puran, adhyay 105-112
  42. ↑ uttar, adhyay 44-47
  43. ↑ vayu puran 82.20-24
  44. ↑ (bhojan, ahar)
  45. ↑ eshtavya bahav: putra yadhekopi gayaan vrajeth. yajet vashvamedhen nilan va vrishamutsujeth॥ mahanadi ch tatraiv tatha gayashiro nrip. yatrasau kortyate viprairakshayyakarano vat:॥ yatr dattan pitribhyonnamakshayyan bhavati prabho. sa ch puchyajala tatr phalgunama mahanadi॥ mahabharat, vanaparv (87.10-12); rajarshina punyakrita gayenanupamadyute. nago gayashiro yatr punya chaiv mahanadi॥...rrishiyajnen mahata yatrakshayavato mahan. akshaye devayajane akshayan yatr vai phalamh॥ vanaparv aur eshtavya... namak shlok ke lie vishnudharmasootr (85. antim shlok), matsy puran (22.6), vayu puran (105.10), koorm puran (2.35.12), padm puran padm puran (1.38.17 evan 5.11.62) tatha naradiy puran (uttar 44.5-6) (vanaparv 87.10-12)
  46. ↑ vanaparv (adhyay 87)
  47. ↑ vanaparv adhyay 95
  48. ↑ yah jnatavy hai ki ramayan (1.32.7) ke anusar dharmarany ki sansthapana brahma ke pautr, kush ke putr asoortaray (ya amoortaray) dvara huee thi.
  49. ↑ vasishthadharmasootr (111.42)
  50. ↑ vishnudharmasootr (85.65-67)
  51. ↑ shankh 14.27-28
  52. ↑ yah kuchh ashcharyajanak hai ki d aau. barooa (gaya evan buddhagaya, jild 1, pri. 66) ne shankh ke shlok 'tirthe vamarakantake ' mean 'vamarakantak' tirth padha hai n ki 'va' ko prithakh kar 'amarakantak'!
  53. ↑ agni puran 115.46-47
  54. ↑ matsy puran 22.4-6
  55. ↑ vayupuran, adhyay 105-112
  56. ↑ vayu. (105.7-8) evan agn. (114.41)-- 'gayopi chakarodyarg bahvannan bahudakshinamh. gayapuri ten namna, tristhalisetu (pri. 340-341) mean yah pady uddhrit hai.
  57. ↑ yahian par "eshtavya bahav: putra yadyekopi gayaan vrajeth.... utsrijeth" (vayu puran 105.10) namak shlok aya hai. tristhali (pri. 319) mean ek shlok uddhrit kiya hai jisamean yogy putr ki paribhasha di huee hai-- 'jivato vakyakaranath..... tribhi: putrasy putrata॥'
  58. ↑ atmajovanyajo vapi gayabhoomau yada yada. yannamna patayetpindan tannayedh brahm shashvatamh॥ namagotre samuchchary pindapatanabhishyate. (vayu. 105.14-15); adha pad 'yannamna... shashvatamh' agni puran (116.21) mean bhi aya hai.
  59. ↑ brahmajnanan gayashraddhan gograhe maranan tatha. vas: pusaan kurukshetre muktiresha chaturvidha॥ brahmajnanen kian kary... yadi putro gayaan brajet॥ gayayaan sarvakaleshu pindan vadyadvichakshan:. vayu puran (105.16-18). agni puran (115.8) 'n kaladi gayatirthe dadyatpindaanshch nityash:.' naradiy puran (uttar, 44.20), agni puran (115.3-4 evan 5-6) evan vaman puran (33.8)
  60. ↑ mundanan chopavasashch... virajaan gayamh॥ vayu puran 105.25
  61. ↑ dandan pradarshayedh bhikshurgayaan gatva n pindad:. dandan nyasy vishnupade pitribhi: sahamuchyate॥ vayu puran 105.26, naradiy puran evan tirthaprakash (pri. 390)
  62. ↑ panchakoshan gayakshetran koshamekan gayashir:. tanmadhye sarvatirthani trailokye yani santi vai॥ vayu puran (105.29-30 evan 106.653; tristhali.,pri. 335; tirthapr.,pri. 391). aur agni puran (115.42) evan naradiy puran (uttar, 44.16). prasiddh tirthoan ke lie paanch kosoan ka vistar manana ek niyam-sa ho gaya hai.
  63. ↑ pindasanan pindadanan pun: pratyavanejanamh. dakshina channasankalpastirthashraddheshvayan vidhi:॥ navahanan n digbandho n dosho drishtisambhav:.... anyatravahita: kale pitaro yantyamuan prati. tirthe sada vasantyete tasmadavahanan n hi॥ vayu puran (105.37-39).'navahanan...vidhi:' phir se duharaya gaya hai (vayu puran 110.28-29)
  64. ↑ gayayaan n hi tatsthanan yatr tirth n vidyate. vayu puran 105.46, agni puran 116.28
  65. ↑ agni puran (114.8-22) mean bhi shila ki gatha sankshep mean kahi gayi hai. bahut-se shabd ve hi haian jo vayu puran mean paye jate haian.
  66. ↑ bodhagaya, pri. 15-16
  67. ↑ shiv ka bhakt
  68. ↑ jo shreshth raja evan vishnu-bhakt tha
  69. ↑ koorm puran 1.16.59-60 evan 91-92
  70. ↑ padm puran bhoomikhand, 1.8
  71. ↑ is puran ne use mahabhagavat kaha hai
  72. ↑ vaman puran adhyay 7-8
  73. ↑ aanguttaranikay, bhag 4, pri. 197-204
  74. ↑ asurendr

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vithika

  • chitr:Bodh-Gaya.jpg

    bodhagaya, bihar

  • chitr:Vishnupadh-Temple-Gaya-Bihar.jpg

    vishnupad mandir, gaya

  • chitr:Mahabodhi-Temple-Bodh-Gaya-2.jpg

    mahabodhi mandir, bodhagaya, bihar

  • chitr:Bodh-Gaya-1.jpg

    tibh‍batiyan math, bodhagaya, bihar

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
bihar ke nagar
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bauddh dharm
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