चीन

chitr:Disamb2.jpg chin

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- chin (bahuvikalpi)

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thumb|250px|chin ka dhvaj chin vishv ki prachin sabhyataoan mean se ek, jo eshiyaee mahadvip ke poo‍rv mean sthit hai. chin ki sabhyata evan sanskriti chhathi shatabdi se bhi purani hai. yah duniya ka sarvadhik janasankhya vala desh hai. chin hi ek aisa desh hai, jisane sabase pahale kagaz banane ka kam shuroo kiya tha. aitihasik roop se chini sanskriti ka prabhav poorvi aur dakshin poorvi eshiyaee deshoan par raha hai aur chini dharm, rivaz aur lekhan pranali ko in desho mean alag-alag star tak apanaya gaya hai. chin ke nivasi apani bhasha mean apane desh ko 'changakyooh' kahate haian. kadachit isiliye bharat tatha faras ke prachin nivasiyoan ne is desh ka nam apane yahaan 'chin' rakh liya tha.

itihas

chin tatha bharat ke vyaparik tatha saanskritik sanbandh ati prachin haian. prachin kal mean chin ka reshami kap da bharat mean prasiddh tha. mahabharat, sabhaparv mean kitaj tatha pattaj kap de ka chin ke sanbandh mean ullekh hai. is prakar ka vastr pashchimottar pradeshoan ke anek nivasi (shak, tushar, kank, romash adi) yudhishthir ke rajasooy yajn mean bheant svaroop lae the-

'pramanaragasparshadhyan valhi chinasamudbhavamh orn ch raankavanchaiv kitajan pattajan tatha.'

• tatkalin bharatiyoan ko is bat ka jnan tha ki resham kit se utpann hota hai. mahabharat, sabhaparv mean chiniyoan ka shakoan ke sath ullekh hai. ye yudhishthir ki rajy sabha mean bheant lekar upasthit hue the-

'chinachhakaanstatha chaudranh barvaranh vanavasin:, varshneyanh harahoonaanshch krishnaanh haimavataanstatha.'

• bhishmaparv mean vijatiyoan ki namasoochi mean chin ke nivasiyoan ka bhi ullekh hai-

'uttarashchaparamlechchha: kroora bharatasattam yavanashchinakamboja darunamlechchhajatay:. sakridgraha kulatthashchahoona: parasikai: sah, tathaiv ramanashchinastathaivadashamalika:.

• kautily ke 'arthashastr' mean bhi chin desh ka ullekh hai, jisase maury kal ke bharat aur chin ke vyaparik sanbandhoan ka pata lagata hai.
• kalidas ne 'abhijnanashakuantalam' mean 'chinaanshuk' ka varnan b de kavyatmak prasang mean kiya hai-

'gachchhati pur: shariran dhavati pashchadasansthitashchet: chinaanshukamivaketo: prativatan niyamanasy.'

• 'harshacharit' ke prathamochchhavas mean banabhatt ne shon ke pavitr aur tarangit balukamay tat ko chin ke bane reshami kap de ke saman komal bataya hai.

bauddh dharm ka prachar

chin mean bauddh dharm ka prachar chin ke han vansh ke samrat miganti ke samay mean (65 ee.) hua tha. usane svapn mean suvarn purush buddh ko dakha aur taduparaant apane dootoan ko bharat se bauddh sootragranthoan aur bhikshuoan ko lane ke lie bheja. parinamasvaroop, bharat se 'dharmaraksh' aur 'kashyapamatang' anek dharmagranthoan tatha moortiyoan ko sath lekar chin pahuanche aur vahaan unhoanne bauddh dharm ki sthapana ki. dharmagranth shvet ashv par rakh kar chin le jae ge the, isalie chin ke pratham bauddh vihar ko shvetashvavihar ki sanjna di gee. bharat-chin ke saanskritik sanbandhoan ki jo paranpara is samay sthapit ki gee thi, usaka poorn vikas age chal kar fahyan (chauthi shati ee.) aur yuvanachvaang (satavian shati ee.) ke samay mean hua, jab chin ke bauddhoan ki sabase b di akaanksha yahaan rahati thi ki kisi prakar bharat jakar vahaan ke bauddh tirthoan ka darshan karean aur bharat ke prachin jnan aur darshan ka adhyayan kar apana jivan samunnat banaean. us kal mean chin ke bauddh, bharat ko apani punyabhoomi aur sansar ka mahanatam saanskritik keandr manate the.

bharat-chin sambandh

varsh 2008 bharat-chin sanbadhoan ki drishti se mahattvapoorn varsh raha. pradhanamantri d aau. manamohan sianh ne 13-15 janavari, 2008 ke dauran 'pipals ripablik aauf chin' ki sarakari yatra ki. bharat aur chin ke netaoan ne donoan deshoan ke bich shaanti aur khushahali ke lie samarik evan sahayogatmak sanbandh vikasit karane ka sankalp vyakt kiya. unhoanne sabhi bakaya matabhedoan ko shaantipoorn batachit ke jarie door karane ka dridh sankalp doharaya aur yah sunishchit karane ka bhi sankalp vyakt kiya ki aise matabhedoan ka apasi sanbadhoan ke rachanatmak vikas par koee asar nahian p dega. donoan pradhanamantriyoan ne 21vian sadi ke lie sajha lakshy tay karane sanbandhi dastavej par hastakshar kie, jisamean donoan deshoan ki yah akaanksha jhalakati hai ki ve kshetriy aur bahurashtriy mamaloan mean apasi hit ke kshetroan mean ek-doosare ke sath sahayog kareange. bharat aur chin ke videsh mantriyoan ne bhi kramashah joon, 2008 aur sitanbar, 2008 mean ek-doosare desh ki yatra ki. in yatraoan ke dauran guvanjhoo aur kolakata mean ne mahavanijy dootavasoan ka aupacharik roop se vimochan kiya gaya. apasi vyapar 2008 mean 51.8 arab amariki d aaular par pahuanch gaya, jo donoan pradhanamantriyoan dvara 2010 ke lie tay kie ge 60 arab amariki d aaular mooly ke lakshy ke qrarib hai.

raksha sanbandhoan ke kshetr mean sahayog aur adan-pradan bhi jari raha. isake aantargat disanbar, 2008 mean bharat mean doosara sayukt sainy abhyas aur doosari varshik raksha varta ayojit ki gee. bharat-chin sima vivad ke bare mean 12vean daur ke vichar-vimarsh ke lie donoan deshoan ke vishesh pratinidhiyoan ki baithak sitabanr, 2008 mean huee. mee, 2008 mean chin ke sichuvan praant mean ae vinashakari bhookanp ke bad bharat ne manaviy sahayata ke roop mean chin ko 50 lakh amariki d aaular ki madad pahuanchayi. donoan deshoan ne aantarrashtriy vittiy sankat aur jalavayu parivartan sahit mahattvapoorn aantarrashtri muddoan par ek-doosare ke sath vichar-vimarsh bhi kiya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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