जगजीवन राम
jagajivan ram
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| poora nam | baboo jagajivan ram |
| any nam | babooji |
| janm | 5 aprail, 1908 ee. |
| janm bhoomi | bhojapur ka 'chandava gaanv', bihar |
| mrityu | 6 julaee, 1986 ee. |
| abhibhavak | shobha ram (pita) |
| santan | putri- mira kumar |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| prasiddhi | dalit varg ke masiha ke roop mean yad kiya jata hai. |
| parti | kaangres aur janata dal |
| pad | shram mantri, rel mantri, krishi mantri, raksha mantri aur up-pradhanamantri adi padoan par rahe. |
| shiksha | snatak |
| vidyalay | kalakatta vishvavidyalay |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| jel yatra | bharat chho do aandolan ke dauran jel yatra ki. |
| any janakari | babooji sasaram kshetr se ath bar chunakar sansad mean ge aur bhinn-bhinn mantralay ke mantri ke roop mean kary kiya. ve 1952 se 1984 ee. tak lagatar saansad chune ge. |
jagajivan ram (aangrezi: Jagjivan Ram, janm- 5 aprail 1908; mrityu- 6 julaee, 1986) adhunik bharatiy rajaniti ke shikhar purush jinhean adar se 'babooji' ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata tha. lagabhag 50 varsho ke sansadiy jivan mean rashtr ke prati unaka samarpan aur nishtha bemisal hai. unaka sanpoorn jivan rajanitik, samajik sakriyata aur vishisht upalabdhiyoan se bhara hua hai. sadiyoan se shoshan aur utpi dit dalitoan, mazadooroan ke moolabhoot adhikaroan ki raksha ke lie jagajivan ram dvara kie ge qanooni pravadhan aitihasik haian. jagajivan ram ka aisa vyaktitv tha jisane kabhi bhi anyay se samajhauta nahian kiya aur dalitoan ke samman ke lie hamesha sangharsharat rahe. vidyarthi jivan se hi unhoanne anyay ke prati avaz uthayi. baboo jagajivan ram ka bharat mean sansadiy lokatantr ke vikas mean mahati yogadan hai.
janm
ek dalit ke ghar mean janm lekar rashtriy rajaniti ke kshitij par chha jane vale baboo jagajivan ram ka janm bihar ki us dharati par hua tha jisaki bharatiy itihas aur rajaniti mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika rahi hai. baboo jagajivan ram ka janm 5 aprail 1908 ko bihar mean bhojapur ke chandava gaanv mean hua tha. unaka nam jagajivan ram rakhe jane ke pichhe prakhyat sant ravidas ke ek dohe - prabhu ji sangati sharan tihari, jagajivan ram murari, ki prerana thi. isi dohe se prerana lekar unake mata-pita ne apane putr ka nam jagajivan ram rakha tha. unake pita shobha ram ek kisan the, jinhoanne british sena mean naukari bhi ki thi.
shiksha
inhoanne snatak ki digri kalakatta vishvavidyalay se 1931 mean li.
svatantrata andolan mean bhag
jagajivan ram us samay mahatma gaandhi ke netritv mean azadi ke lie sangharsh karane vale dal mean shamil hue, jab aangrez apani poori taqat ke sath azadi ke sapane ko hamesha ke lie kuchal dena chahate the. prithakh nirvachan kshetroan ke lie aangrejoan ne apani sari taqat jhoank di thi. muslim lig ki kaman jinna ke hath mean thi aur ve aangrejoan ke hath ki kathaputali bane the.
gaandhi ji ne samrajyavadi aangrejoan ke irade ko bhaanp liya tha ki svatantrata aandolan ko kamazor karane ke lie aangrezoan ki phoot dalo, raj karo niti ko babooji ne samajha. hindoo muslim vibhajan kar aangrezoan ne dalitoan aur savarnoan ke madhy khaee banane prarambh ki, jisamean vah saphal bhi hue aur dalitoan ke lie 'nirvachan mandal', 'mataantaran' aur 'achhootistan' ki batean hone lagian. mahatma gaandhi ne isake dooragami parinamoan ko samajha aur amaran anashan par baith ge. yah rashtriy sankat ka samay tha. is samay rashtravadi babooji jyoti stanbh banakar ubhare. unhoanne dalitoan ke samoohik dharm-parivartan ko roka aur unhean svatantrata ki mukhyadhara se jo dane mean rajanitik kaushal aur dooradarshita ka parichay diya. is ghatana ke bad babooji dalitoan ke sarvamany rashtriy neta ke roop mean pratishthit ho ge. vah bapoo ke vishvasaniy aur priy patr bane aur rashtriy rajaniti ke keandr mean a ge.
aangrezoan ka virodh
1936 mean 28 sal ki umr mean hi unhean bihar vidhan parishad ka sadasy chuna gaya tha. 'gavarmeant aauph iandiya ekt' 1935 ke aantargat 1937 mean aangrezoan ne bihar mean kaangres ko harane ke lie yoonus ke netritv mean kathaputali sarakar banavane ka nishphal prayatn kiya. is chunav mean babooji nirvirodh nirvachit hue aur unake 'bharatiy dalit varg sangh' ke 14 sadasy bhi jite. unake samarthan ke bina vahaan koee sarakar nahian ban sakati thi. yoonus ne babooji ko manachaha mantri pad aur any pralobhan diye, kiantu babooji ne us prastav ko turant thukara diya. yah dekhakar gaandhi ji ne 'patrika harijan' mean is par tippani karate hue ise deshavasiyoan ke lie adarsh aur anukaraniy bataya. usake bad bihar mean kaangres ki sarakar mean vah mantri banean kintu kuchh samay mean hi aangrez sarakar ki laparavahi ke karan mahatma ji ke kahane par kaangres sarakaroan ne istipha de diya. babooji is kam mean sabase age rahe. muanbee mean 9 agast 1942 ko mahatma gaandhi ne bharat chho do andolan prarambh kiya to jagajivan ram sabase age the. yojana ke anusar unhean bihar mean andolan tej karana tha lekin das din bad hi giraphtar kar lie gaye.
rajaniti mean saphalata
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babooji ke prayatnoan se gaanv - gaanv tak dak aur taragharoan ki vyavastha ka bhi vistar hua. relamantri ke roop mean babooji ne desh ko atm-nirbhar banane ke lie varanasi mean dijal ianjan karakhana, pairamboor mean 'savari dibba karakhana' aur bihar ke jamalapur mean 'mal dibba karakhana' ki sthapana ki.
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san 1946 mean pandit javaharalal neharoo ki aantarim sarakar mean shamil hone ke bad vah satta ki uchch sidhiyoan par chadhate chale ge aur tis sal tak kaangres mantrimandal mean rahe. paanch dashak se adhik samay tak sakriy rajaniti mean rahe baboo jagajivan ram ne samajik karyakarta, saansad aur kaibinet mantri ke roop mean desh ki seva ki. unaki sabase b di upalabdhi thi ki shram, krishi, sanchar, relave ya raksha, jo bhi mantralay unhean diya gaya unhoanne usaka prashasanik dakshata se sanchalan kiya aur usamean sadaiv safal rahe. kisi bhi mantralay mean samasya ka samadhan b di kushalata se kiya karate the. unhoanne kisi bhi mantralay se kabhi istifa nahian diya aur sabhi mantralayoan ka karyakal poora kiya.
shram mantri
1946 tak vah gaandhi ji ke hriday mean utar ge the. ab tak aangrezoan ne bhi babooji ko bharatiy dalit samaj ke sarvamany neta ke roop mean svikar kar liya. azadi ke bad jo pahali sarakar bani usamean unhean shram mantri banaya gaya. yah unaka priy vishay tha. vah bihar ke ek chhote se gaanv ki mati ki upaj the, jahaan unhoanne khetihar mazadooroan ka trasadi se bhara jivan dekha tha. vidyarthi ke roop mean kolakata mean mil - mazadooroan ki darun sthiti se bhi unaka sakshatkar hua tha. bajooji ne shram mantri ke roop mean mazadooroan ki jivan sthitiyoan mean avashyak sudhar lane aur unaki samajik, arthik suraksha ke lie vishisht qanooni pravadhan kie, jo aj bhi hamare desh ki shram - niti ka mooladhar haian.
mazadooroan ke hitaishi
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babooji sasaram kshetr se ath bar chunakar sansad mean ge aur bhinn-bhinn mantralay ke mantri ke roop mean kary kiya. ve 1952 se 1984 tak lagatar saansad chune ge.
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doosare vishvayuddh ke bad aangrezoan ne bharat chho da to unaka prayas tha ki pakistan ki bhaanti bharat ke kee tuk de kar die jaean. shimala mean kaibinet mishan ke samane babooji ne dalitoan aur any bharatiyoan ke madhy phoot dalane ki aangrezoan ki koshish ko nakam kar diya. aantarim sarakar mean jab barah logoan ko lard vavel ki kaibinet mean shamil hone ke lie bulaya gaya to usamean baboo jagajivan ram bhi the. unhean shram vibhag diya gaya. is samay unhoanne aise qanoon banae jo bharat ke itihas mean am adami, mazadooroan aur dabe kuchale vargoan ke hit ki disha mean mil ke patthar mane jate haian. unhoanne 'minimam vejej ekt', 'iandastriyal dispyoots ekt' aur 'tred yooniyan ekt' banaya jise aj bhi mazadooroan ke hit mean sabase b de hathiyar ke roop mean jana jata hai. unhoanne 'emplaij stet ianshyoreans ekt' aur 'provideant phand ekt' bhi banavaya.
sansad mean
bharat ki sansad ko baboo jagajivan ram apana doosara ghar manate the. 1952 mean unhean neharoo ji ne 'sanchar mantri' banaya. us samay sanchar mantralay mean hi vimanan vibhag bhi tha. unhoanne niji vimanan kanpaniyoan ka rashtriyakaran kiya aur gaanvoan mean dakakhanoan ka netavark vikasit kiya. bad mean neharoo ji ne unhean rel mantri banaya. us samay unhoanne relave ke adhunikikaran ki buniyad dali aur relave karmachariyoan ke lie kalyanakari yojanaean prarambh ki. unhian ke prayas se aj relave desh ka sabase b da vibhag hai. ve sasaram kshetr se ath bar chunakar sansad mean ge aur bhinn-bhinn mantralay ke mantri ke roop mean kary kiya. ve 1952 se 1984 tak lagatar saansad chune ge.
sangathan
unhean pad ki lalasa bilkul n thi. jab kamaraj yojana aee to unhoanne sangathan ka kam prarambh kiya. shastri ji ki mrityu ke bad jab iandira ji ne pradhanamantri pad sanbhala to iandira ji ne baboo ji ko ati kushal prashasak ke roop mean apane sath liya. vah bharat ke lie bahut kathin din the.
harit kraanti
1962 mean chin aur 1965 mean pakistan se l daee ke karan garib aur kisan bhukhamari se l d rahe the. amerika se pi.el- 480 ke aantargat sahayata mean milane vala gehooan aur jvar mukhy sadhan tha. aisi visham paristhiti mean d aau n aauraman boralag ne bharat akar 'harit kraanti' ka sootrapat kiya. harit kraanti ke aantargat kisanoan ko achchhe aujar, sianchaee ke lie pani aur unnat bij ki vyavastha karani thi. adhunik takaniki ke pakshadhar baboo jagajivan ram krishi mantri the aur unhoanne d aau n aauraman boralag ki yojana ko desh mean lagoo karane mean poora rajanitik samarthan diya. do dhaee sal mean hi halat badal gaye aur amerika se anaj ka ayat rok diya gaya. bharat 'phood saraplas' desh ban gaya tha.
raksha mantri ke roop mean
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chhuachhoot virodhi ek sammelan mean jagajivan ram ne kaha- savarn hinduoan ki in nasihatoan se ki maans bhakshan chho d do, madira mat piyo, saphaee ke sath raho, ab kam nahian chalega. ab dalit upadesh nahian, achchhe vyavahar ki maang karate haian aur unaki maang svikar karani hogi. shabdoan ki nahian thos kam ki avashyakata hai. muhammad ali jinna ne musalamanoan ko apana alag desh banane ke lie ukasa diya hai. d aau ambedakar ne achhootoan ke lie prithakh nirvachan mandal ki mag ki hai. rashtr ki rachana hamase huee hai, rashtr se hamari nahi. rashtr hamara hai. ise ekatabaddh karane ka prayas bharat ke logoan ko hi karana hai. mahatma gaandhi ne nirnay liya hai ki chhuachhoot ko samapt karana hoga. isake lie mujhe apani kurbani bhi deni p de to maian pichhe nahian hatooanga. desh ki azadi ki l daee mean sabhi dharm aur jati ke logoan ko b di sankhya mean jo dana hoga.
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1962 aur 1965 ki l daee ke bad bhookh ki samasya ko unhoanne bahut bahaduri aur soojhaboojh se parast kiya. 1971 mean baangladesh ki sthapana ke pahale bharat aur pakistan ki l daee mean baboo ji ne jis tarah apani senaoan ko rajanitik sahayog diya vah sainy itihas mean ek udaharan hai. jab kaangres ke tamam purane netaoan ne iandira gaandhi ka sath chho d diya tha, baboo jagajivan ram hamesha unake sath rahe, kiantu unhoanne kabhi bhi moolyoan se samajhauta nahian kiya.
sanchar aur parivahan mantri ke roop mean
isi prakar sanchar aur parivahan mantri ke roop mean unhoanne virodh ke bad bhi niji havaee sevaoan ke rashtriyakaran ki disha mean saphal prayog kiya. phalasvaroop 'vayu seva nigam' bana aur 'iandiyan eyar laians' v 'eyar iandiya' ki sthapana huee. is rashtriyakaran ka prabal virodh hua, jise dekhate hue saradar patel bhi ise kuchh samay ke lie sthagit karane ke paksh mean the. babooji ne unase kaha tha - 'azadi ke bad desh ke punarnirman ke siva aur kam hi kya bacha hai?' isi samay babooji ke prayatnoan se gaanv - gaanv tak dak aur taragharoan ki vyavastha ka bhi vistar hua. relamantri ke roop mean babooji ne desh ko atm-nirbhar banane ke lie varanasi mean dijal ianjan karakhana, pairamboor mean 'savari dibba karakhana' aur bihar ke jamalapur mean 'mal dibba karakhana' ki sthapana ki.
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babooji ne saradar patel se kaha tha - 'azadi ke bad desh ke punarnirman ke siva aur kam hi kya bacha hai?'
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patana mean ayojit chhuachhoot virodhi sammelan mean unhoanne kaha - savarn hinduoan ki in nasihatoan se ki maans bhakshan chho d do, madira mat piyo, saphaee ke sath raho, ab kam nahian chalega. ab dalit upadesh nahian, achchhe vyavahar ki maang karate haian aur unaki maang svikar karani hogi. shabdoan ki nahian thos kam ki avashyakata hai. muhammad ali jinna ne musalamanoan ko apana alag desh banane ke lie ukasa diya hai. d aau ambedakar ne achhootoan ke lie prithakh nirvachan mandal ki mag ki hai. rashtr ki rachana hamase huee hai, rashtr se hamari nahi. rashtr hamara hai. ise ekatabaddh karane ka prayas bharat ke logoan ko hi karana hai. mahatma gaandhi ne nirnay liya hai ki chhuachhoot ko samapt karana hoga. isake lie mujhe apani kurbani bhi deni p de to maian pichhe nahian hatooanga. desh ki azadi ki l daee mean sabhi dharm aur jati ke logoan ko b di sankhya mean jo dana hoga.
janata dal mean
azadi ke bad jab pahali sarakar bani to ve usamean kaibinet mantri ke roop mean shamil hue aur jab tanashahi ka virodh karane ka avasar aya to lokashahi ki sthapana ki l daee mean shamil ho ge. 1969 mean kaangres ke vibhajan ke samay inhoanne shrimati indira gaandhi ka sath diya tatha kaangres parti ke adhyaksh chune ge . 1970 mean inhonean kaangres parti chho d di aur janata dal mean shamil ho gaye the. sab janate haian ki 6 pharavari 1977 ke din keandriy mantrimandal se diya gaya unaka istifa hi vah taqat thi jisane imarajeansi ko khatm kiya.
jivani ke mukhy bindu
- jagajivan ram ne 1928 mean kolakata ke veliangatan skveyar mean ek vishal mazadoor raili ka ayojan kiya tha jisamean lagabhag 50 hazar log shamil hue.
- netaji subhash chandr bos tabhi bhaanp ge the ki jagajivan ram mean ek b da neta banane ke tamam gun maujood haian.[1]
- mahatma gaandhi ke ahvan par bharat chho do aandolan mean bhi jagajivan ram ne mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. vah un b de netaoan mean shamil the jinhoanne dvitiy vishvayuddh mean bharat ko jhoankane ke aangrezoan ke phaisale ki ninda ki thi. isake lie unhean jel bhi jana p da.[1]
- varsh 1946 mean vah javahar lal neharoo ke netritv vali sarakar mean sabase kam umr ke mantri bane. bharat ke pahale mantrimandal mean unhean shram mantri ka darja mila aur 1946 se 1952 tak is pad par rahe.
- jagajivan ram 1952 se 1986 tak sansad sadasy rahe. 1956 se 1962 tak unhoanne rel mantri ka pad sanbhala. 1967 se 1970 aur phir 1974 se 1977 tak vah krishi mantri rahe.
- itana hi nahian 1970 se 1971 tak jagajivan ram bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke adhyaksh bhi rahe. 1970 se 1974 tak unhoanne desh ke rakshamantri ke roop mean kam kiya.
- 23 march, 1977 se 22 agast, 1979 tak vah bharat ke up pradhanamantri bhi rahe.
- apatakal ke dauran varsh 1977 mean vah kaangres se alag ho ge aur 'kaangres ph aaur demokresi' nam ki parti ka gathan kiya aur janata gathabandhan mean shamil ho ge. isake bad 1980 mean unhoanne kaangres (je) ka gathan kiya.
nidhan
6 julaee, 1986 ko 78 sal ki umr mean is mahanh rajanitijn ka nidhan ho gaya. baboo jagajivan ram ko bharatiy samaj aur rajaniti mean dalit varg ke masiha ke roop mean yad kiya jata hai. vah svatantr bharat ke un gine chune netaoan mean the jinhoanne desh ki rajaniti ke sath hi dalit samaj ko bhi nayi disha pradan ki.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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