जलोढ़ मिट्टी
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jalodh mitti uttar bharat ke pashchim mean panjab se lekar sampoorn uttari vishal maidan ko avrit karate hue ganga nadi ke delta kshetr tak phaili hai. atyadhik urvarata vali is mitti ka vistar samanyatah desh ki nadiyoan ke vesinoan evan maidani bhagoan tak hi simit hai. halke bhoore rangavali yah mitti 7.68 lakh varg kimi ko avrit kiye hue hai. isaki bhautik visheshataoan ka nirdharan jalavayavik dashaoan visheshakar varsha tatha vanaspatiyoan ki vriddhi dvara kiya jata hai. is mitti mean uttari bharat mean sianchaee ke madhyam se ganna, gehooan, chaval, joot, tambakoo, tilahan phasaloan tatha sabjiyoan ki kheti ki jati hai. utpatti, sanrachana tatha urvarata ki matra ke adhar par isako tin prakaroan mean vargikrit kiya jata hai, jo nimnalikhit hai -
puratan jalodh ya baangar mitti
nadiyoan dvara bahakar unake pashrvavarti bhagoan mean atyadhik ooanchaee tak bichhayi gayi purani jalodh mitti ko baangar ke nam se jana jata hai. nadiyoan mean ane vali badh ka pani ooanchaee ke karan in par nahian pahuanch pata hai. nadi jal ki prapti n hone, dharataliy ooanchaee tatha jal-tal ke nicha hone ke karan uttar pradesh, panjab, hariyana, rajasthan evan bihar ki kafi mitti oosar ho gayi hai. aisi mitti reh ya kallar kahalati hai.
nootan jalodh ya khadar mitti
yah mitti nadiyoan ke badh ke maidanoan tak hi simit hoti hai. isake kan bahut hi mahin hote haian tatha inaki jaladharan shakti puratan jalodh ki apeksha adhik hoti hai. nadi ghati mean sthit hone ke karan is mitti ki avashyakata samanyatah nahian hoti hai. rabi ki phasal ke lie yah mitti uttam hai.
atinootan jalodh mitti
is prakar ki mitti ganga, brahmaputr, mahanadi, godavari, krishnaa, kaveri adi b di nadiyoan ke delta kshetr mean hi milati hai. yah mitti daladali evan namakin prakriti ki hoti hai. isake kan atyadhik barik hote haian tatha isamean potash, choona, phasphoras, maignishiyam evan jivaanshoan ki adhik matra samahit rahati hai. is mitti mean ganna, joot adi phasaloan ki krishi ki jati hai. delta ke uchch bhagoan mean purani kaanp mitti payi jati hai, jise radh kahate haian.
uparyukt prakar ki jalodh mittiyoan ka gathan baluee-domat se lekar mrittikamay roop mean paya jata hai tatha inaka rang halka bhoora hota hai. is prakar ki mitti mean naitrojan, phasphoras tatha vanaspatiyoan ke aansh kam matra mean milate haian tathapit ye bahut oopajaoo haian.
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