डोगरी भाषा

dogari bhasha bharat ke jammoo-kashmir rajy ki doosari mukhy bhasha hai. yah bharopiy bhasha parivar ke bharatiy-ary bhasha samooh ki sadasy hai. isaka mool prachin bharatiy-ary bhasha samooh aur laukik sanskrit mean sthit hai. any adhunik bharatiy-ary bhashaoan ke saman dogari bhi vikas ke prachin bharatiy-ary (sanskrit) aur madhy bharatiy-ary (pali, prakrit aur apabhransh) charanoan se guzar chuki hai aur isane lagabhag 10vian shatabdi mean adhunik bharatiy-ary charan mean pravesh kiya. isamean dhvani sanrachana mean vikas ki tin stariy prakriya dikhaee deti hai, jo shauraseni prakrit se isaki nikatata ko pradarshit karati hai, lekin vaidik kal se isake vartaman svaroop tak vikas ke dauran dogari ne sabhi charanoan ki visheshataoan ko sanrakshit rakha hai, jaisa dogari shabd puttar, yani 'beta' (prachin bharatiy-ary putr, madhy bharatiy-putt) mean dikhaee deta hai.

bhasha

isaki shabdavali par farasi aur aangrezi ka prabhav bhi dekha sakata hai. dogari bhasha pashchimottar bharat ke parvatiy aur upaparvatiy kshetroan tatha isase sate maidanoan mean boli jati hai. yah kshetr uttar mean pirapanjal aur dhauladhar parvatashreniyoan, dakshin mean panjab ke maidanoan, poorv mean sataluj nadi aur pashchim mean munavvar tavi se ghira hua hai.

svar aur vyanjan

dogari bhasha mean 10 svar aur 28 vyanjan haian. is bhasha mean karmavachy aur bhavavachak shabdoan ki pradhanata hai. udaharan ke lie, likia-'likha' aur lakhoa-'likh gaya'. dogari (duggar) ke bare mean sabase purana ullekh 1317 ee. mean amir khusaro dvara likhit ek masanavi nooh-shifir mean milata hai, jaise- siandhi o lahori o kashmiri o doggar.

lipi

isaki apani lipi hai, jise dogara akhkhar ya dogare kahate haian. is lipi mean likhi gee dogari, maharaja ranavir sianh (1857-1885) ke shasanakal mean jammoo-kashmir ki rajabhasha thi, lekin nee pidhi ne dogari ke lie nagari lipi ko apana liya. lagabhag sampoorn adhunik sahity ki rachana devanagari lipi mean hi huee hai aur ab bhi isi ka upayog ho raha hai. dogari bhasha ko jammoo-kashmir rajy ke sanvidhan ki manyata prapt hai aur ise vidyalay tatha vishvavidyalay star par bhasha ke roop mean padhaya jata hai.

dogari bhashi kshetr ke tin pramukh:-

• bhookhand kaandi jammoo prant ke jammoo, kathuva aur oodhamapur zile ke baluee, patharile aur shushk kshetr,
• paha di himachal pradesh rajy mean kathuva, chanba v kaang da ka parvatiy kshetr tatha
• maidani aur nadiy kshetr, jisamean jammoo ke dakshini kshetr, panjab ke guradasapur aur hoshiyarapur ke uttari kshetr aur pakistan ke siyalakot tatha shakaragadh kshetr shamil haian.

ye kshetr boli mean antar ko pradarshit karate haian, lekin yah dekha gaya hai ki pashchimi panjab aur pakistan mean dogari, kiyuanthali, kandayali, bhatiyali, siramauri, bagahati, kulluee, mandayali, chanbayali, kulahuri, bhadaravahi, gujari, ramapuri, pogali, hoshiyarapuri-paha di aur lahanda boliyaan boli jati haian. 1981 ki bharat ki janaganana ke anusar dogaribhashi logoan ki janasankhya lagabhag 15 lakh hai, lekin oopar varnit tin bhookhandoan mean dogaribhashi nivasiyoan ki sankhya anumanatah 50 lakh hai.

dogari ki kuchh svar vishayak visheshataean:

• dogari mean shabdoan ke adi mean y tatha ghvaniyaan nahian atian, inake sthan par j tatha v ghvaniyaan uchcharit hoti hai.

(panjabi) veh da (agan) - veda (dogari)

yajaman (hindi) - jajaman (dogari)

yash (hindi) - jas (dogari)

• dogari mean shabdoan ke adi mean h ka uchcharan hindi panjabi se sarvatha bhinn hota hai.
• dogari mean vargoan ke chaturth varno ke uchcharan mean tadvargiy pratham akshar ke sath halki chadhati sur jo di jati hai.
• h jab shadoan ke madhy mean ata hai. isake dogari uchcharan mean chadhate sur ke sthan par utarate sur ka prayog hota hai, jaise:

hindi dogari

paha d pha d - pa/ d

mohar mhor - mo/r

• dogari ke kuchh shabdoan ke adi mean n tatha n ka jaise anunasikoan ka vishuddh uchcharan milata hai, jaise-

hindi - dogari

aangar - nar

aangoor - noor

anana (panjabi) - nyana

gyarah - araan

• sanskrit ka r jo hindi mean lupt ho jata hai, dogari mean pray: surakshit hai.

sanskrit - hindi - dogari

gram - gaanv - graan

kshetr - khet - khetar

patr - pat - pattar

stri - tiy, timi (pan0) - trimt

mitr - mit - mittar

isi pravritti ke karan kee roopoan mean r ka atirikt agam bhi hua hai, jaise-

sanskrit - hindi - dogari

tikshn - tikha - trikkhana

- dau d - drau d

pasina - parasina, parasa

kop - kop - karopi

dhikh - chikkar - ghrig

• dogari sanshleshanatmak bhasha hai. isi ke prabhav se isamean sankshepikaran ki asadharan pravritti paee jati hai. sanshleshanatmakata jaise -

sanskrit - hindi - dogari

ahamh - maine - mean

mamh - mujhako - mean

mamh - mujhako - migi (oo mi)

asmabhi: - hamane - asean

(hamare dvara)

mahmamh - mujhe mere - tai (gitai) (mere leee pan0)

math - mujhase mere - sha (mere kolo-pan0)

mayi - mujh mean - mere ch (mere nich-pan0)

sankshepikaran- jaise

hindi - panjabi - dogari

mujhase nahian aya jata -mere thian nee aya jaanda - meresha ni noanda(aun hunda)

khaya jata - khan huanda - khanoanda

• dogari mean karmavachy (tatha bhavavachy) ke kriyarupoan ki pravritti paee jati hai:

khanoanda - khaya jata nog taan - aun hog (pan0) ta

panoanda- piya jata pajog - pujjan hog u pahuanch saka to sanoanda - soya jata

• dogari mean varnavisharyay ki pravritti bhi asadharan roop se paee jati hai:

udhar - duar

uja d - jua d

tamr - taramaan

kich d - chikk d adi

• dogari mean shabdoan ke praranbh ke laghu svar ka pray: lop ho jata hai-

anaj - naj

akhabar - khabar

ijajat - jajat

etaraj - taraj

sahity

is bhasha mean maukhik sahity ki lambi aur samriddh parampara rahi hai. dogara jivan tatha samaj ke sabhi ayamoan se ju de lokagitoan ke alava karak, bar, bhakh aur gitadoo-katthakann dogari lokakavy ke vishisht svaroop haian. likhit dogari sahity ke itihas ko do charanoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai. pahala kal alp aur aniyamit lekhan ka tha, jo 16vian shatabdi ke bad se 20vian shatabdi ke poorvarddh tak raha. doosare kal mean is bhasha mean lagatar rachanaean huee aur sahityik kshitij par kee prakhyat lekhakoan ka uday hua, jaise kavi, galp lekhak, natakakar, gady lekhak aur ullekhaniy sahityik alochak. dogari bhasha ka apana vyakaran hai. dogari bhasha aur sahity, lokagit v sahity par shodhakary prakashan svaroop mean bhi upalabdh hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh