तात्या टोपे

tatya tope
tatya tope|200px|center
poora nam	ramachandr paandurang yevalakar
any nam	tatya tope
janm	1814 ee.
janm bhoomi	yevala, patauda zila, maharashtr
mrityu	18 aprail, 1859
mrityu sthan	shivapuri, madhy pradesh
abhibhavak	pandurang tryambak bhatt tatha rukmini baee
karm bhoomi	maharashtr
bhasha	marathi, urdoo aur gujarati
prasiddhi	svatantrata senani
vishesh yogadan	bharat ke pratham svatantrata sangram mean tatya tope, rani lakshmibaee tatha nana sahab ka pramukh yogadan tha.
nagarikata	bharatiy
sanbandhit lekh	maratha, rani lakshmibaee, bajirav dvitiy, nana sahab, peshava, bithoor, pratham svatantrata sangram.
any janakari	ramkrishna tope ke bayan ke anusar tatya tope apane pita ki 12 santanoan mean se doosare the. unaka ek saga aur chhah sautele bhaee aur char bahanean thian.

tatya tope (aangrezi: Tatya Tope, janm- 1814 ee., patauda zila, maharashtr; mrityu- 18 aprail, 1859, shivapuri, madhy pradesh) ko san 1857 ee. ke 'pratham svatantrata sangram' ke agraniy viroan mean uchch sthan prapt hai. is vir ne kee sthanoan par apane sainik abhiyanoan dvara uttar pradesh, rajasthan, madhy pradesh aur gujarat adi mean aangrezi senaoan se k di takkar li aur unhean buri tarah pareshan kar diya. gorilla yuddh pranali ko apanate hue tatya tope ne aangrezi senaoan ke chhakke chhu da diye. ve 'taantiya topi' ke nam se bhi vikhyat the. apani atoot deshabhakti aur virata ke lie tatya tope ka nam bharatiy itihas mean amar hai.

janm parichay

tatya tope ka janm san 1814 ee. mean nasik ke nikat patauda zile mean yevala namak gram mean hua tha. unake pita ka nam pandurang tryambak bhatt tatha mata ka nam rukmini baee tha. tatya tope deshasth kulakarni parivar mean janme the. inake pita peshava bajirav dvitiy ke grih-vibhag ka kam dekhate the. unake vishay mean tho de bahut tathy us bayan se ikatthe kie ja sakate haian, jo unhoanne apani giraftari ke bad diya aur kuchh tathy tatya ke sautele bhaee ramkrishna tope ke us bayan se ikatthe kie ja sakate haian, jo unhoanne 1862 ee. mean b dauda ke sahayak rejideans ke samaksh diya tha. tatya ka vastavik nam 'ramachandr paandurang yevalakar' tha. 'tatya' matr upanam tha. tatya shabd ka prayog adhik pyar ke lie hota tha. tope bhi unaka upanam hi tha, jo unake sath hi chipaka raha. kyoanki unaka parivar moolatah nasik ke nikat patauda zile mean chhote se gaanv yevala mean rahata tha, isalie unaka upanam yevalakar p da.

bithoor agaman

tatya tope jab mushkil se char varsh ke the, tabhi unake pita ke svami bajirav dvitiy ke bhagy mean achanak parivartan hua. bajirav dvitiy 1818 ee. mean basee ke yuddh mean aangrezoan se har ge. unaka samrajy unase chhin gaya. unhean ath lakh rupaye ki salana peanshan manjoor ki gee aur unaki rajadhani se unhean bahut door hatakar bithoor, kanapur mean rakha gaya. yah spasht roop se aisi sthiti se bachane ke lie kiya gaya tha ki vah apane khoe hue samrajy ko punah prapt karane ke lie kuchh nee chalean n chal sakean. bithoor se 12 mil door ganga ke tat par chhota-sa suandar nagar tha. vahaan bajirav ne apane lie ek vishal prasad ka nirman karavaya aur apana adhikaansh samay dharmik karyakalapoan mean vyatit karane lage. tatya tope ke pita peshava bajirav dvitiy ke karmachari tatha unake vaphadar the, isilie ve bhi parivar sahit bajirav dvitiy ke pas 1818 ee. mean bithoor a ge. ramkrishna tope ke bayan ke anusar tatya apane pita ki 12 santanoan mean se doosare the. unaka ek saga aur chhah sautele bhaee aur char bahanean thian. yadyapi tatya apane bachchoan ke sath alag rahate the, phir bhi sabhi vyavaharik karyoan ke lie unaka parivar sanyukt parivar tha.

yuvavastha aur sathi

tatya ek achchhe mahattvakaankshi navayuvak the. unhoanne anek varsh peshava bajirav dvitiy ke tin dattak putr- nana sahab, bala sahab aur baba bhatt ke sahachary mean bitae. ek kahani prasiddh hai ki nana sahab, unake bhaee, jhaansi ki bhavi rani lakshmibaee, jinake pita us samay sianhasanachyut peshava ke ek darabari the aur tatya tope, ye sabhi age chalakar vidroh ke prakhyat neta bane. ye apane bachapan mean ek sath yuddh ke khel khela karate the aur unhoanne marathoan ki virata ki anekoan kahaniyaan suni thian, jinase unhean vidroh ke lie prerana prapt huee thi. is kahani ko kuchh itihasakar apramanik manate haian. unake vichar se gatha ke is bhag ka tana-bana in viroan ka samman karane vale desh premiyoan ke mastishk ki upaj hai. phir bhi yah sach hai ki in sabhi ka peshava ke parivar se nikatatam sanbandh tha aur vah apani ayu tatha sthiti bhinn hone ke bavajood prayah ek-doosare ke nikat ae hoange. khoe hue rajy ki smritiyaan abhi taja hi thian, dhuandhali nahian p di thian. samrajy ko punah prapt karana aur apane nuqasan ko poora karana nana sahab aur unake bhaiyoan ke anek yuva sapanoan mean se ek svapn avashy raha hoga. ve sabhi bad mean apane durbal pita ki tulana mean kafi achchhe sabit hue the.

yuddh kala prashikshan

tatya tope ne kuchh sainik prashikshan prapt to kiya tha, kiantu unhean yuddhoan ka anubhav bilkul bhi nahian tha. unhoanne peshava ke putroan ke sath us kal ke ausat navayuvak ki bhaanti yuddh prashikshan prapt kiya tha. ghera dalane aur hamala karane ka jo bhi jnan unhean raha ho, vah unake us kary ke lie bilkul upayukt n tha, jisake lie bhagy ne unaka nirman kiya tha. aisa pratit hota hai ki unhoanne gurilla yuddh jo unaki maratha jati ka svabhavik gun tha, apani vansh paranpara se prapt kiya tha. yah bat un tarikoan se siddh ho jati hai, jinaka prayog unhoanne british senanayakoan se bachane ke lie kiya.

'tope' upadhi

bithoor mean unaki yogyataoan aur mahattvakaankshaoan ke lie n ke barabar sthan tha aur vah ek uddhatt vyakti banakar hi vahaan rahate, yah bat is tathy se spasht hai ki vah kanapur ge aur unhoanne eest iandiya kampani ki naukari kar li. kiantu shighr hi hatotsahit hokar laut ae. isake bad unhoanne kuchh samay tak mahajani ka kam kiya, kiantu ise bad mean chho d diya. kyoanki yah unake svabhav ke bilakul pratikool tha. tatya ke pita peshava ke grih prabandh ke pahale se hi pradhan the, isalie unhean ek lipik ke roop mean naukari pane mean koee kathinaee nahian huee, kiantu is naukari se bhi ve adhik prasann nahian the. lipik pad par kary karate hue hi ek any karmachari ki vishvasaghat sanbandhi yojanaoan ka pata lagane mean navayuvak tatya tope ki yogyata, tatparata aur chatury se prabhavit hokar peshava ne ek vishesh darabar mean 9 hiroan se j di huee ek topi unhean puraskar svaroop di. darabar mean upasthit logoan ne 'tatya tope' ke nam se unaki jay-jayakar ki. 1851 ee. mean peshava ki mrityu ke pashchath nana sahab bithoor ke raja ho ge aur tatya unake pradhan lipik bane. vicharadhara ek jaisi hone ke karan ve ek-doosare ke itana nikat ae, jitana ki pahale kabhi nahian the aur shighr hi vah nana ke musahib ke roop mean prasiddh ho ge.

vyaktitv

tatya tope ke vyaktitv mean vishisht akarshan nahian tha. janalaiang ne jab unhean bithoor mean dekha tha to ve unake vyaktitv se prabhavit nahian hue the. unhoanne tatya ke vishay mean kaha hai ki- "vah ausat ooanchaee, lagabhag paanch phit 8 ianch aur ikahare badan ke, kiantu dridh vyaktitv ke the. dekhane mean suandar nahian the. unaka matha nicha, nak nasachhidroan ke pas phaili huee aur daant betaratib the. unaki aankhean prabhavi aur chalaki se bhari huee thian. jaisi ki adhikaansh eshiyavasiyoan mean hoti haian, kiantu unake oopar unaki vishisht yogyata ke vyakti ke roop mean koee prabhav nahian p da." thumb|tatya tope|left

'bambe taims' ke sanvadadata ne tatya se unaki giraftari ke pashchath bheant ki thi. usane 18 aprail, 1849 ke sanskaran mean likha tha ki tatya n to khoobasoorat haian aur n hi badasoorat; kiantu vah buddhiman haian. unaka svabhav shaant aur nirbadh hai. unaka svasthy achchha aur qad ausat hai. unhean marathi, urdoo aur gujarati ka achchha jnan tha. ve in bhashaoan mean dhara pravah bol sakate the. aangrezi to vah matr apane hastakshar karane bhar ke lie janate the, usase adhik nahian. vah ruk-ruk kar, kiantu spasht roop se, ek napi-tuli shaili mean bolate the. kiantu unaki abhivyakti ka dhang achchha tha aur ve shrotaoan ko apani or akrisht kar lete the. yah sach hai ki tatya apani vak-shakti aur samajhane ki apani shakti se prayah apane virodhiyoan ki senaoan ko bhi samajhakar apane paksh mean mila lete the.

prasiddhi

1857 ee. tak log tatya tope ke nam se aparichit the. lekin 1857 ki natakiy ghatanaoan ne unhean achanak aandhakar se prakash mean la kh da kiya. pratham svatantrata sangram ke praranbh hone se poorv ve rajyachyut bajirav dvitiy ke sabase b de putr bithoor ke raja nana sahab ke ek prakar se sathi-musahib matr the, kiantu svatantrata sangram mean kanapur ke sammilit hone ke pashchath tatya peshava ki sena ke senadhyaksh ki sthiti tak pahuanch ge. usake pashchatavarti yuddhoan ki sabhi ghatanaoan ne unaka nam sabase age ek puchchhal tare ki bhaanti badhaya, jo apane pichhe prakash ki ek lanbi rekha chho data gaya. unaka nam keval desh mean nahian varanh desh ke bahar bhi prasiddh ho gaya. mitr hi nahian, shatru bhi unake sainik abhiyanoan ko jijnasa aur utsukata se dekhane aur samajhane ka prayas karate the. samachar patroan mean unake nam ke lie vistrit sthan upalabdh tha. unake virodhi bhi unaki prashansa karate the, jaise-

1. karnal malsan ne unake sanbandh mean kaha hai ki- "bharat mean sankat ke us kshan mean jitane bhi sainik neta utpann hue, vah unamean sarvashreshth the."
2. sar j aaurj ph aaurest ne unhean 'sarvotkrisht rashtriy neta' kaha hai.
3. adhunik aangrezi itihasakar parsikras stediang ne sainik kraanti ke dauran deshi paksh ki or se utpann 'vishal mastishk' kahakar unaka samman kiya. usane unake vishay mean yah bhi kaha hai ki- "vah vishv ke prasiddh chhapamar netaoan mean se ek the."

jhaansi ki rani aur tatya tope

[[chitr:Rani-Laxmibai-2.jpg|thumb|rani lakshmibaee]] san 1857 ke do vikhyat viroan jhaansi ki rani aur tatya tope mean se jhaansi ki rani ko atyadhik khyati mili. unake nam ke charoan or yash ka chakr ban gaya tha, kiantu tatya tope ke sahasapoorn kary aur vijay abhiyan rani lakshmibaee ke sahasik karyoan aur vijay abhiyanoan se kam romaanchak nahian the. rani lakshmibaee ke yuddh abhiyan jahaan keval jhaansi, kalapi aur gvaliyar ke kshetroan tak hi simit rahe the, vahian tatya tope ek vishal rajy ke saman kanapur, rajapootana aur madhy bharat tak phail ge the. karnal hyooroj jo madhy bharat mean yuddh abhiyan ka sarvesarva tha, usane yadi rani lakshmibaee ki prashansa 'un sabhi mean sarvashreshth vir' ke roop mean ki thi to mejar mid ko likhe ek patr mean usane tatya tope ke vishay mean kaha tha ki- "vah bharat yuddh neta aur bahut hi viplavakari prakriti ke the aur unaki sangathan kshamata bhi prashansaniy thi." tatya ne any sabhi netaoan ki apeksha shaktishali british shasan ki nianv ko hilakar rakh diya tha. unhoanne shatru ke sath lanbe samay tak sangharsh jari rakha. jab svatantrata sangharsh ke sabhi neta ek-ek karake aangrezoan ki shreshth sainik shakti se parabhoot ho ge to ve akele hi vidroh ki pataka phaharate rahe. unhoanne lagatar nau mah tak un adhe darjan british kamaandaroan ko chhakaya jo unhean pak dane ki koshish kar rahe the. tatya tope aant tak aparajey hi bane rahe.

british shasan se vidroh ke karan

1857 ee. ka vidroh jin karanoan se hua, unase sabhi parichit haian. kuchh karan nimnalikhit haian-

1. sar jaun lareans ne kaha tha- "yah charabi lagi karatoos aur matr charabi lagi karatoosoan ke karan hua." kiantu matr charabi lagi karatoos itana b da aur shaktishali toofan lane mean samarth nahian ho sakati thi. vastav mean charabi lagi karatoos, jaisa ki sipahiyoan ko sandeh tha, unhean eesaee dharm mean parivartan karane ka ek jaghany hathiyar tha. isake lie to roopak ki bhasha mean yah kaha ja sakata hai ki yah pake hue pho de par nashtar tha. isase pahale bhi anek sainik sudhar ho chuke the, jisamean yah kaha tha ki sipahi apani shan se badhaee gee dadhi ek nirdisht paitarn mean hi rakhe.
2. bharatiy sainikoan ko yah adesh diya gaya tha ki ve bharatiy pag di ke sthan par cham de se bane top pahanean.
3. barma yuddh ke dauran sipahiyoan ko samudri yatra karane par majaboor kar diya gaya tha. sipahiyoan ne isaka virodh bhi kiya tha, kyoanki vah aisa samajhate the ki yah unake dharmik vishvasoan par anavashyak hastakshep tha, lekin kampani sarakar ne unake sandeh ke nirakaran ke lie koee bhi prayas nahian kiya.
4. chartar adhiniyam, 1813 ne sare bharat ka dvar sabhi aangrezoan ke lie khol diya tha. jisake parinamasvaroop mishanariyoan ke dharm parivartan karane par sanbandhi karyakalap teji se badhate ja rahe the. ek samasamayik vyakti ne yah kaha ki "mishanariyoan par se rok hata li gee thi, tala to dakar charch ke daravaze par pheank diya gaya tha, dharmagranthoan ko bahar le jakar un par pravachan karane ka mauqa de diya gaya tha. jab eesaee sarakar bharat mean eesaiyat ke prasar ka virodh n kar saki."

yuddh abhiyan

san 1857 ke pratham svatantrata sangram ke visphot hone par tatya tope bhi samaraangan mean kood p de. jhaansi ki rani lakshmibaee aur nana sahab ke prati aangrezoan ne jo anyay kiye the, unaki unake hriday mean ek tis thi. unhoanne uttari bharat mean shivarajapur, kanapur, kalapi aur gvaliyar adi anek sthanoan mean aangrezoan ki senaoan se kee bar loha liya. san 1857 ke svatantry yoddhaoan mean vahi aise tejasvi vir the, jinhoanne vidyut gati ke saman apani gatividhiyoan se shatru ko ashchary mean dal diya tha. vahi ekamatr aise chamatkari svatantrata senani the, jisane poorab, pashchim, uttar aur dakshin ke sainik abhiyanoan mean phirangi aangrezoan ke daant khatte kar diye the. rajasthan ki bhoomi mean tatya ne jo shaury ka parichay diya tha, vah avismaraniy hai. desh ka durbhagy tha ki rajasthan ke rajaoan ne unaka sath nahian diya.

pratham svatantrata sangram ki lapatean jab kanapur pahuanchian aur vahaan ke sainikoan ne nana sahab ko peshava aur apana neta ghoshit kiya to tatya tope ne kanapur mean svadhinata sthapit karane mean aguvaee ki. tatya tope ko nana sahab ne apana sainik salahakar niyukt kiya. jab brigediyar janaral haival aauk ki kaman mean aangrez sena ne ilahabad ki or se kanapur par hamala kiya, tab tatya ne kanapur ki suraksha mean apana ji-jan laga diya, parantu 16 julaee, 1857 ko unaki parajay ho gayi aur unhean kanapur chho dana p da. shighr hi tatya tope ne apani senaoan ka punargathan kiya aur kanapur se barah mil uttar me bithoor pahuanch gaye. yahaan se kanapur par hamale ka mauka khojane lage. is bich haival aauk ne achanak hi bithoor par akraman kar diya. yadyapi tatya bithoor ki l daee mean parajit ho gaye, parantu unake netritv mean bharatiy sainikoan ne itani bahaduri pradarshit ki ki aangrez senapati ko bhi prashansa karani p di.

kushal senapati

tatya ek kushal senapati the. parajay se vichalit n hote hue ve bithoor se rav saheb siandhiya ke ilake mean pahuanche. vahaan ve gvaliyar kantijent nam ki prasiddh sainik tuk di ko apani or milane mean ve saphal rahe. vahaan se ve ek b di sena ke sath kalapi pahuanche. navambar 1857 mean unhoanne kanapur par akraman kiya. mejar janaral vindhal ki kaman mean kanapur ki suraksha ke lie sthit aangrez sena titar-bitar hokar bhagane lagi, parantu yah jit tho de samay ke lie hi thi. british sena ke pradhan senapati sar k aaulin kaimpabel ne tatya ko 6 disambar ko parajit kar diya. isalie tatya tope khari chale gaye aur vahaan nagar par kabja kar liya. khari mean unhoanne anek topean aur tin lakh rupaye prapt kie, jo sena ke lie zaroori the. isi bich 22 march ko sar hyooroj ne jhaansi par ghera dala. aise najuk samay mean tatya tope karib bis hazar sainikoan ke sath rani lakshmibaee ki madad ke lie pahuanche. british sena tatya tope aur rani ki sena se ghir gayi. aantatah rani ki vijay huee. rani aur tatya tope isake bad kalapi pahuanche. is yuddh mean tatya tope ko ek bar phir hyooroj ke viruddh parajay dekhani p di. bad mean phool bag ke pas hyooroj ke netritv mean aangrezi sena se yuddh karate hue rani lakshmibaee 17 joon, 1858 ko shahid ho gayian.

isake bad tatya tope ka das mah ka jivan advitiy shaury gatha se bhara hai. lagabhag sab sthanoan par vidroh kuchala ja chuka tha, lekin tatya ne ek sal ki lambi avadhi tak mutthi bhar sainikoan ke sath aangrez sena ko jhakajhore rakha. is dauran unhoanne dushman ke viruddh ek aise jabardast chhapemar yuddh ka sanchalan kiya, jisane unhean duniya ke chhapemar yoddhaoan ki pahali pankti mean lakar kh da kar diya. is chhapemar yuddh ke dauran tatya tope ne durgam paha doan aur ghatiyoan mean varsha se uphanati nadiyoan aur bhayanak jangaloan ke par madhy pradesh aur rajasthan mean aisi lambi dau d lagaee, jisane aangrezi kheme mean tahalaka machaye rakha. bar-bar unhean charoan or se gherane ka prayas kiya gaya aur bar-bar tatya ko yuddh karane p de, parantu yah chhapamar yoddha ek vilakshan soojhaboojh se aangrezoan ke gheroan aur jaloan ke pare nikal gaya. tatkalin aangrez lekhak silavestar ne likha hai ki- "hazaroan bar tatya tope ka pichha kiya gaya aur chalis-chalis mil tak ek din mean gho doan ko dau daga gaya, parantu tatya tope ko pak dane mean kabhi saphalata nahian mili."

aangrezoan se lagatar sangharsh

gvaliyar se nikalane ke bad tatya ne chambal nadi par ki aur rajasthan mean toank, booandi aur bhilava da gaye. unaka irada pahale jayapur aur udayapur par adhikar karane ka tha, lekin mejar janaral rabarts vahaan pahale se hi pahuanch gaya. parinam yah hua ki tatya ko, jab ve jayapur se 60 mil door the, vapas lautana p da. phir unaka irada udayapur par adhikar karane ka hua, parantu r aaubarts ne vahaan gherabandi ki. usane lephtineant karnal homs ko tatya ka pichha karane ke lie bheja, jisane tatya ka rasta rokane ki poori taiyari kar rakhi thi, parantu aisa nahian ho saka. bhilava da se age kankaroli mean tatya ki aangrez sena se jabardast muthabhe d huee, jisamean ve parast ho gaye. kankaroli ki parajay ke bad tatya poorv ki or bhage, taki chambal par kar sakean. agast ka mahina tha. chambal nadi kafi tej pravah se bah rahi thi, lekin tatya ko jokhim uthane mean anand ata tha. aangrez unaka pichha kar rahe the, isalie unhoanne badh mean hi chambal nadi par kar li aur jhalava d ki rajadhani jhalarapatan pahuanche. jhalava d ka shasak aangrez-parasth tha. isalie tatya ne aangrez sena ke dekhate-dekhate usase lakhoan rupaye vasool kie aur 30 topoan par adhikar kar liya. yahaan se unaka irada iandaur pahuanchakar vahaan ke svadhinata senaniyoan ko apane paksh mean karake phir dakshin pahuanchana tha. tatya ko bharosa tha ki yadi narmada nadi ko par karake maharashtr pahuanchana sanbhav ho jay to svadhinata sangram ko n keval jari rakha ja sakega, balki aangrezoan ko bharat se khade da bhi ja sakega.

narmada par karake aur usake dakshini kshetr mean pravesh karake tatya tope ne aangrezoan ke diloan mean dahashat paida kar di. nagapur kshetr mean tatya ke pahuanchane se bambee praant ka garvanar elaphinsatan ghabara gaya. madras praant mean bhi ghabarahat phail gee. tatya apani sena ke sath panchamadhi ki durgam paha diyoan ko par karate hue chhiandava da ke 26 mil uttar-pashchim mean jamee gaanv pahuanch gaye. vahaan ke thane ke 17 sipahi mare gaye. phir tatya tope boradeh hote hue 7 navambar ko mulataee pahuanch gaye. mulataee mean tatya ne ek din vishram kiya. unhoanne tapti nadi mean snan kiya aur brahmanoan ko ek-ek asharphi dan ki. bad mean aangrezoan ne ye asharphiyaan jabt kar lian. mulataee ke deshamukh aur deshapande parivaroan ke pramukh aur anek gramin unaki sena mean shamil ho gaye. parantu tatya ko yahaan jan samarthan prapt karane mean vah saphalata nahian mili, jisaki unhoanne apeksha ki thi. tatya ke ek sahayogi ne likha hai ki- "tatya us samay atyant kathin sthiti ka samana kar rahe the. unake pas n gola-barood tha, n rasad, n paisa. unhoanne apane sahayogiyoan ko ajna de di ki ve jahaan chahean ja sakate haian, parantu nishthavan sahayogi aur anuyayi aise kathin samay mean apane neta ka sath chho dane ko taiyar nahian the." tatya asiragadh pahuanchana chahate the, parantu vahaan k da pahara tha. atah nimad se bida hone ke pahale unhoanne khandava, pipalod adi ke pulis thanoan aur sarakari imaratoan mean ag laga di. khandava se ve kharagon hote hue madhy bharat vapas chale gaye. kharagon mean khajiya nayak apane 4000 anuyayiyoan ke sath tatya tope ke sath ja mila. inamean bhil saradar aur malasin bhi shamil the.

giraftari

indaragadh mean tatya tope ko nepiyar, shabars, samaraset, smith, maikel aur harnar namak brigediyar aur usase bhi ooanche aangrez sainik adhikariyoan ne har ek disha se gher liya. bachakar nikalane ka koee rasta nahian tha, lekin tatya mean apar dhiraj aur soojh-boojh thi. aangrezoan ke is kathin aur asanbhav ghere ko to dakar ve jayapur ki or bhage. devas aur shikar mean unhean aangrezoan se parajit hona p da. ab unhean nirash hokar paron ke jangal mean sharan lene p di. paron ke jangal mean tatya tope ke sath vishvasaghat hua. naravar ka raja manasianh aangrezoan se mil gaya aur usaki gaddari ke karan tatya tope 8 aprail, 1859 ee. ko sote samay mean pak d lie gaye.

mrityu sambandhit tathy

tatya tope ki mrityu se sambandhit tathy nimnalikhit haian-

• is vir ke sambandh mean kaha jata hai ki aangrezoan ne tatya ke sath dhokha karake unhean pak da tha. bad mean aangrezoan ne unhean faansi par lataka diya, lekin khoj se ye jnat hua hai ki faansi par latakaya jane vala koee doosara vyakti tha, tatya tope nahian. asali tatya tope to chhadmavesh mean shatruoan se bachate hue svatantrata sangram ke kee varsh bad tak jivit rahe. aisa kaha jata hai ki 1862-1882 ee. ki avadhi mean svatantrata sangram ke senani tatya tope 'narayan svami' ke roop mean gokulapur, agara mean sthit someshvaranath ke mandir mean kee mahine rahe the.
• bharat mean 1857 ee. mean hue pratham svatantrata sangram ke agrani neta tatya tope ke bare mean bhale hi itihasakar kahate hoan ki unhean 18 aprail, 1859 mean faansi di gayi thi, lekin unake ek vanshaj ne dava kiya hai ki ve 1 janavari, 1859 ko l date hue shahid hue the. tatya tope se ju de naye tathyoan ka khulasa karane vali kitab 'topez aaupareshan red lotas' ke lekhak parag tope ke anusar- "shivapuri mean 18 aprail, 1859 ko tatya ko faansi nahian di gayi thi, balki guna zile mean chhipa b daud ke pas aangrezoan se loha lete hue 1 janavari, 1859 ko tatya tope shahid ho ge the." parag tope ke anusar- "isake bare mean aangrez mejar paizet ki patni liyopold paijet ki kitab 'aiand kantonameant : e janaral aauf laif in iandiya in 1857-1859' ke parishisht mean tatya tope ke kap de aur safed gho de adi ka jikr kiya gaya hai aur kaha ki hamean riport mili ki tatya tope mare ge." unhoanne dava kiya ki tope ke shahid hone ke bad desh ke pratham svatantrata sangram ke senani aprail tak tatya tope banakar loha lete rahe. parag tope ne bataya ki tatya tope unake poorvaj the. unake paradada ke sage bhaee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

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madhyamik

poornata

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bahari k diyaan

• tatya tope : svatantrata sangram 1857 ke senapati
• tatya tope
• tatya tope (pustak)
• phaansi nahian di gee thi tatya tope ko