तुलसीदास
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gosvami tulasidas (aangrezi: Goswami Tulsidas, janm- 1532 ee. - mrityu- 1623 ee.) hindi sahity ke akash ke param nakshatr, bhaktikal ki sagun dhara ki ramabhakti shakha ke pratinidhi kavi hai. tulasidas ek sath kavi, bhakt tatha samaj sudharak tinoan roopoan mean many hai. shriram ko samarpit granth shriramacharitamanas valmiki ramayan ka prakarantar se aisa avadhi bhashantar hai jisamean any bhi kee kritiyoan se mahatvapoorn samagri samahit ki gayi thi. shriramacharitamanas ko samast uttar bharat mean b de bhaktibhav se padha jata hai. isake bad vinay patrika tulasidasakrit ek any mahatvapoorn kavy hai.
jivan parichay
tulasidasaji ka janm sanvat 1589 ko uttar pradesh (vartaman baanda zila) ke rajapur namak gram mean hua tha. inake pita ka nam atmaram dube tatha mata ka nam hulasi tha. inaka vivah dinabandhu pathak ki putri ratnavali se hua tha. apani patni ratnavali se atyadhik prem ke karan tulasi ko ratnavali ki phatakar "laj n aee apako daure aehu nath" sunani p di jisase inaka jivan hi parivartit ho gaya. patni ke upadesh se tulasi ke man mean vairagy utpann ho gaya. inake guru baba naraharidas the, jinhoanne inhean diksha di. inaka adhikaansh jivan chitrakoot, kashi tatha ayodhya mean bita.[1] thumb|left|tulasidas tulasi ka bachapan b de kashtoan mean bita. mata-pita donoan chal base aur inhean bhikh maangakar apana pet palana p da tha. isi bich inaka parichay ram-bhakt sadhuoan se hua aur inhean jnanarjan ka anupam avasar mil gaya. patni ke vyangyabanoan se virakt hone ki lokaprachalit katha ko koee praman nahian milata. tulasi bhraman karate rahe aur is prakar samaj ki tatkalin sthiti se inaka sidha sanpark hua. isi dirghakalin anubhav aur adhyayan ka parinam tulasi ki amooly kritiyaan haian, jo us samay ke bharatiy samaj ke lie to unnayak siddh huee hi, aj bhi jivan ko maryadit karane ke lie utani hi upayogi haian. tulasidas dvara rachit granthoan ki sankhya 39 bataee jati hai. inamean ramacharit manas, kavitavali, vinayapatrika, dohavali, gitavali, janakimangal, hanuman chalisa, baravai ramayan adi vishesh roop se ullekhaniy haian.
shishy parampara
gosvamiji shrisampraday ke achary ramanand ki shishyaparampara mean the. inhoanne samay ko dekhate hue lokabhasha mean 'ramayan' likha. isamean byaj se varnashramadharm, avataravad, sakar upasana, sagunavad, go-brahman raksha, devadi vividh yoniyoan ka yathochit samman evan prachin sanskriti aur vedamarg ka mandan aur sath hi us samay ke vidharmi atyacharoan aur samajik doshoan ki evan panthavad ki alochana ki gayi hai. gosvamiji panth v sampraday chalane ke virodhi the. unhoanne vyaj se bhratriprem, svarajy ke siddhant , ramarajy ka adarsh, atyacharoan se bachane aur shatru par vijayi hone ke upay; sabhi rajanitik batean khule shabdoan mean us k di jasoosi ke jamane mean bhi batalayian, parantu unhean rajyashray prapt n tha. logoan ne unako samajha nahian. ramacharitamanas ka rajanitik uddeshy siddh nahian ho paya. isilie unhoanne jhuanjhalakar kaha: thumb|left|gosvami tulasidas
"ramayan anuharat sikh, jag bhee bharat riti.
tulasi kathahi ko sunai, kali kuchali par priti."
adarsh sant kavi
unaki yah adbhut pothi itani lokapriy hai ki moorkh se lekar mahapandit tak ke hathoan mean adar se sthan pati hai. us samay ki sari shankkaoan ka ramacharitamanas mean uttar hai. akele is granth ko lekar yadi gosvami tulasidas chahate to apana atyant vishal aur shaktishali sampraday chala sakate the. yah ek saubhagy ki bat hai ki aj yahi ek granth hai, jo sampradayikata ki simaoan ko laanghakar sare desh mean vyapak aur sabhi mat-matantaroan ko poornataya many hai. sabako ek sootr mean granthit karane ka jo kam pahale shankarachary svami ne kiya, vahi apane yug mean aur usake pichhe aj bhi gosvami tulasidas ne kiya. ramacharitamanas ki katha ka arambh hi un shankaoan se hota hai jo kabiradas ki sakhi par purane vichar valoan ke man mean uthati haian. tulasidasaji svami ramanand ki shishyaparampara mean the, jo ramanujachary ke vishishtadvait sampraday ke antarbhukt hai. parantu gosvamiji ki pravritti sampradayik n thi. unake granthoan mean advait aur vishishtadvait ka sundar samanvay paya jata hai. isi prakar vaishnav, shaiv, shakt adi sampradayik bhavanaoan aur poojapaddhatiyoan ka samanvay bhi unaki rachanaoan mean paya jata hai. ve adarsh samuchchayavadi sant kavi the.
prakhar buddhi ke svami
[[chitr:Tulsidas-Ramacharitamanasa.jpg|thumb|ramacharitamanas]] bhagavan shankaraji ki prerana se ramashail par rahane vale shri anantanand ji ke priy shishy shrinaraharyanand ji (narahari baba) ne is balak ko dhooandh nikala aur usaka nam ramabola rakha. use ve ayodhya le gaye aur vahaan sanvath 1561 magh shukl panchami shukravar ko usaka yajnopavit-sanskar karaya. bina sikhaye hi balak ramabola ne gayatri-mantr ka uchcharan kiya, jise dekhakar sab log chakit ho gaye. isake bad narahari svami ne vaishnavoan ke paanch sanskar karake ramabola ko ramamantr ki diksha di aur ayodhya hi mean rahakar unhean vidyadhyayan karane lage. balak ramabola ki buddhi b di prakhar thi. ek bar gurumukh se jo sun lete the, unhean vah kanthasth ho jata tha. vahaan se kuchh din bad guru-shishy donoan shookarakshetr (soroan) pahuanche. vahaan shri narahari ji ne tulasidas ko ramacharit sunaya. kuchh din bad vah kashi chale aye. kashi mean sheshasanatan ji ke pas rahakar tulasidas ne pandrah varsh tak ved-vedaang ka adhyayan kiya. idhar unaki lokavasana kuchh jagrath ho uthi aur apane vidyaguru se ajna lekar ve apani janmabhoomi ko laut aye. vahaan akar unhoanne dekha ki unaka parivar sab nasht ho chuka hai. unhoanne vidhipoorvak apane pita adi ka shraddh kiya aur vahian rahakar logoan ko bhagavan ram ki katha sunane lage.
prasiddhi
idhar panditoan ne jab yah bat suni to unake man mean eershya utpann huee. ve dal baandhakar tulasidas ji ki ninda karane lage aur us pustak ko nasht kar dene ka prayatn karane lage. unhoanne pustak churane ke liye do chor bheje. choroan ne jakar dekha ki tulasidas ji ki kuti ke asapas do vir dhanushaban liye pahara de rahe haian. ve b de hi sundar shyam aur gaur varn ke the. unake darshan se choroan ki buddhi shuddh ho gayi. unhoanne usi samay se chori karana chho d diya aur bhajan mean lag gaye. tulasidas ji ne apane liye bhagavan ko kasht hua jan kuti ka sara saman luta diya, pustak apane mitr todaramal ke yahaan rakh di. isake bad unhoanne ek doosari prati likhi. usi ke adhar par doosari pratilipiyaan taiyar ki jane lagian. pustak ka prachar dinoan din badhane laga. idhar panditoan ne aur koee upay n dekh shrimadhusoodan sarasvati ji ko us pustak ko dekhane ki prerana ki. shrimadhusoodan sarasvati ji ne use dekhakar b di prasannata prakat ki aur us par yah sammati likh di-
anandakanane hyasminjangamastulasitaruah.
kavitamanjari bhati ramabhramarabhooshita॥
mukhy rachanaean
apane 126 varsh ke dirgh jivan-kal mean tulasidas ji ne kul 22 kritiyoan ki rachana ki hai jinamean se paanch b di evan chhah madhyam shreni mean ati haian. inhean sanskrit vidvanh hone ke sath hi hindi bhasha ke prasiddh aur sarvashreshth kaviyoan mean ek mana jata hai. tulasidas ji ko maharshi valmiki ka bhi avatar mana jata hai jo mool adikavy ramayan ke rachayita the.
| rachana | samany parichay |
|---|---|
| ramacharitamanas | “ramacharit” (ram ka charitr) tatha “manas” (sarovar) shabdoan ke mel se “ramacharitamanas” shabd bana hai. atah ramacharitamanas ka arth hai “ram ke charitr ka sarovar”. sarvasadharan mean yah “tulasikrit ramayan” ke nam se jana jata hai tatha yah hindoo dharm ki mahanh kavy rachana hai. |
| dohavali | dohavali mean doha aur soratha ki kul sankhya 573 hai. in dohoan mean se anek dohe tulasidas ke any granthoan mean bhi milate haian aur unase liye gaye hai. |
| kavitavali | solahavian shatabdi mean rachi gayi kavitavali mean shri ramachandr ji ke itihas ka varnan kavitt, chaupaee, savaiya adi chhandoan mean ki gee hai. ramacharitamanas ke jaise hi kavitavali mean sat kand haian. |
| gitavali | gitavali, jo ki sat kandoan vali ek aur rachana hai, mean shri ramachandr ji ki kripaluta ka varnan hai. sampoorn padavali ram-katha tatha ramacharit se sambandhit hai. mudrit sangrah mean 328 pad haian. |
| vinay patrika | vinay patrika mean 279 stuti gan haian jinamean se pratham 43 stutiyaan vividh devataoan ki haian aur shesh ramachandr ji ki. |
| krishna gitavali | krishna gitavali mean shrikrishna ji 61 stutiyaan hai. krishna ki balyavastha aur 'gopi - uddhav sanvad' ke prasang kavitv v shaili ki drishti se atyadhik suandar haian. |
| ramalala nahachhoo | yah rachana sohar chhndoan mean hai aur ram ke vivah ke avasar ke nahachhoo ka varnan karati hai. nahachhoo nakh katane ek riti hai, jo avadhi kshetroan mean vivah aur yajnopavit ke poorv ki jati hai. |
| vairagy sandipani | yah chaupaee - dohoan mean rachi huee hai. dohe aur sorathe 48 tatha chaupaee ki chatushpadiyaan 14 haian. isaka vishay nam ke anusar vairagyopadesh hai. |
| ramajna prashn | rachana avadhi mean hai aur tulasidas ki prarambhik kritiyoan mean hai. yah ek aisi rachana hai, jo shubhashubh phal vichar ke lie rachi gayi hai kiantu yah phal-vichar tulasidas ne ram-katha ki sahayata se prastut kiya hai. |
| janaki mangal | isamean gosvami tulasidas ji ne adyashakti bhagavati shri janaki ji tatha purushottam bhagavan shriram ke mangalamay vivahotsav ka bahut hi madhur shabdoan mean varnan kiya hai. |
| satasee | dohoan ka ek sangrah granth hai. in dohoan mean se anek dohe 'dohavali' ki vibhinn pratiyoan mean tulasidas ke any granthoan mean bhi milate haian aur unase liye gaye hai. |
| parvati mangal | isaka vishay shiv - parvati vivah hai. 'janaki mangal' ki bhaanti yah bhi sohar aur harigitika chhandoan mean rachi gayi hai. isamean sohar ki 148 dvipadiyaan tatha 16 harigitikaean haian. isaki bhasha bhi 'janaki mangal ki bhaanti avadhi hai. |
| baravai ramayan | baravai ramayan rachana ke mudrit path mean sphut 69 baravai haian, jo 'kavitavali' ki hi bhaanti sat kandoan mean vibhajit hai. |
| hanuman chalisa | isamean prabhu ram ke mahanh bhakt hanuman ke gunoan evan karyoan ka chalis (40) chaupaiyoan mean varnan hai. yah atyant laghu rachana hai jisamean pavanaputr shri hanuman ji ki sundar stuti ki gee hai. |
nidhan
[[chitr:Tulsidas stamp.jpg|thumb|150px|tulasidas ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] tulasidas ji jab kashi ke vikhyath ghat asighat par rahane lage to ek rat kaliyug moort roop dharan kar unake pas aya aur unhean pi da pahuanchane laga. tulasidas ji ne usi samay hanuman ji ka dhyan kiya. hanuman ji ne sakshath prakat hokar unhean prarthana ke pad rachane ko kaha, isake pashchath unhoanne apani antim kriti vinay-patrika likhi aur use bhagavan ke charanoan mean samarpit kar diya. shriram ji ne us par svayan apane hastakshar kar diye aur tulasidas ji ko nirbhay kar diya. sanvath 1680 mean shravan krishna saptami shanivar ko tulasidas ji ne "ram-ram" kahate hue apana sharir parityag kiya. tulasidas ke nidhan ke sanbandh mean nimnalikhit doha bahut prachalit hai-
sanvat solah sau asi ,asi gang ke tir .
shravan shukla saptami ,tulasi tajyo sharir ..[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 gosvami tulasidas : ek parichay (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) hindi kuanj. abhigaman tithi: 31 mee, 2011.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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