त्रिपुरा
tripura
| |
rajadhani | agaratala |
rajabhasha(ean) | baangla bhasha, kak barak bhasha |
sthapana | 21 janavari, 1972 |
janasankhya | 27,57,205[1] |
· ghanatv | 263[1] /varg kimi |
kshetraphal | 10,492 varg kimi[1] |
bhaugolik nirdeshaank | 23.84°N 91.28°E |
· grishm | 36.2 °C |
· sharad | 7 °C |
zile | 4[1] |
liang anupat | 1000:945[1] ♂/♀ |
saksharata | 73.2% |
rajyapal | tathagat r aauy[2] |
mukhyamantri | biplab kumar deb[1] |
rajakiy vriksh | agar |
bahari k diyaan | adhikarik vebasait |
adyatan | 19:31, 9 march 2018 (IST)
|
tripura bharat ka ek rajy hai. tripura dakshin eshiya ke poorvottar bhag mean sthit hai. tripura uttar, pashchim v dakshin mean baangladesh, poorv mean mizoram aur poorvottar mean asam rajy se ghira hai. tripura ka kshetraphal sirf 10,486 varg kimi hai aur yah gova tatha sikkim ke bad bharat ka tisara sabase chhota rajy hai. desh ke baqi hisse se alag-thalag rahane, paha di bhoobhag v janajatiy abadi ke aran tripura mean bhi bharat ke poorvottar kshetroan ki samasyaean maujood haian. tripura ki rajadhani agaratala hai.
itihas
tripura ka itihas bahut purana aur lanba hai. isaki apani anokhi janajatiy sanshkriti aur dilachashp lokagathaean hai. bangali aur tripuri bhasha (kok borok) yahaan mukhy roop se boli jati haian. aisa mana jata hai ki raja tripur, jo yayati vansh ka 39 vaan raja tha, unake nam par hi is rajy ka nam tripura p da . ek mat ke anusar sthaniy devi tripur sundari ke nam par isaka nam tripura p da. yah hindoo dharm ki 51 shakti pithoan mean se ek hai. is rajy ke itihas ko ‘rajamala’ gathaoan aur musalaman itihasakaroan ke varnanoan se jana ja sakata hai. mahabharat aur puranoan mean bhi tripura ka ulhlekh milata hai. thumb|left|250px|agaratala pailes, tripura 'rajamala' ke anusar tripura ke shasakoan ko ‘pha’ upanam se pukara jata tha jisaka arth ‘pita’ hota hai. 14vian shatabhdi mean bangal ke shasakoan dvara tripura naresh ki madad kie jane ka bhi ulhlekh milata hai. tripura ki sthapana 14vian shatabdi mean 'maniky' namak iando-mangoliyan adivasi mukhiya ne ki thi, jisane hindoo dharm apanaya tha. tripura ke shasakoan ko mugaloan ke bar-bar akraman ka bhi samana karana pada jisamean akramanakariyoan ko kam hi saphalata milati thi. kee l daiyoan mean tripura ke shasakoan ne bangal ke sulhtanoan ko haraya. 19vian shatabhdi mean 'maharaja virachandr kishor manikhy bahadur' ke shasanakal mean tripura mean ne yug ka sootrapat hua. unhhoanne apane prashasanik dhaanche ko british bharat ke namoone par banaya aur kee sudhar lagoo kie. unake uttaradhikaroan ne 15 akhtoobar, 1949 tak tripura par shasan kiya. isake bad tripura bharat sangh mean shamil ho gaya. prarambh mean yah bhag - si ke aantargat ane vala rajhy tha aur 1956 mean rajhyoan ke punargathan ke bad yah keandrashasit pradesh bana. 1972 mean isane poorn rajhy ka darja prapht kiya. tripura baangladesh tatha myaanmar ki nadi ghatiyoan ke bich sthit hai. isake tin taraph baanghladesh hai aur keval uttar-poorv mean yah asam aur mizoram se ju da hua hai. agaratala tripura prant ki rajadhani hai.
bhoogol
madhy evan uttari tripura ek paha di kshetr hai, jise poorv se pashchim ki or char pramukh ghatiyaan, dharmanagar, kailashahar, kamalapur aur khovaee, katati haian. ye ghatiyaan uttar ki or bahane vali nadiyoan (joori, manu v dev, dhalaee aur khovaee) dvara nirmit haian. pashchim v dakshin ki nichali ghatiyaan khuli v daladali haian, halaanki dakshin mean bhoobhag bahut adhik kata hua aur ghane jangaloan se dhaka hai. uttar se dakshin ki or unmukh shreniyaan ghatiyoan ko alag karati haian. dharmanagar ghati ke poorv mean jamaraee tlang ki ooanchaee 600 aur 900 mitar ke bich hai. pashchim ki or kramash: sakhan tlang, langataraee aur artharamura parvatashreniyoan ki ooanchaee ghatate kram mean hai. sudoor pashchim mean sthit paha di devatamura ki ooanchaee sirf 244 mitar hai.
devatamura parvatashreni ke pashchim mean agaratala maidan hai, jo ganga-brahmaputr nimnabhoomi ka vistar hai tatha isaki ooanchaee 61 mitar se kam hai. is kshetr ko kee nadiyaan apavahit karati haian, jinamean sabase b di nadi gumati ka udgam poorvi paha diyoan radhakishorapur ke nikat ek kh de kinaroan vali ghati mean sthit hai.
lagabhag adha rajy jangaloan se dhaka hai; halaanki kheti ke lie inaki vyapak kataee huee hai, inamean ab bhi mahattvapoorn vriksh pae jate haian, jinamean mazaboot lak di hai. yahaan (shoriya robasta) shamil hai, jo sagaun ke bad sabase adhik qimati lak di hai. yahaan ke praniyoan mean bagh, teandua, hathi, siyar, jaganli kutte, jaganli suar, gayal saan d jaganli bhaians tatha gaur shamil haian.
jalavayu
tripura ki jalavayu kam garm tatha ardr hoti hai. tripura rajy ki jalavayu adarsh barish ke lie anukool haian. joon se sitanbar tak rahane vale m aaunasoon ke mausam mean 2,000 mimi se adhik varsha hoti hai. nichale ilaqoan mean grishm rritu mean adhikatam ausat tapaman 35° se. hota hai, halaanki paha doan mean mausam thanda hota hai.
arthavyavastha
|
krishi
- tripura ki arthavyavastha prathamik roop se krishi par adharit hai.
- mukhy fasal chaval hai[3] aur poore rajy mean isaki kheti hoti hai.
- naqadi fasaloan me joot[4], kapas chay, ganna, mesta aur phal shamil haian.
- tripura rajy ki krishi mean pashupalan ki sahayak bhoomika hai.
- vanopaj adharit udyog imarati lak di eeandhan aur lak di ke koyale ka utpadan karate hai.
- 1994 mean chay ka utpadan 35,55,593 kilogram tha.
udyog
yahaan mukhyatah chhote paimane par nirman kary hota hai, jisamean bunaee, badheegiri, tokari v mitti ke bartan banane jaise kee kutir udyog shamil haian. chhote paimane ke udyogoan ke vikas ko badhane mean rajy sarakar sakriy hai. baans v beant hastashilp mean kaksh vibhajak, farnichar bhittipattika, tebal mait aur farsh par bichhane vali chataiyaan shamil haian, jinhean sthaniy star par banaya jata hai. audyogik ikaiyaan, chay, chini dibbaband phal krishi auzar eeant aur joote-chappal banati haian. apekshakrit b de upakramoan mean kataee mil, joot mil, ispat mil, plaeevud faikti aur aushadhi sanyantr shamil haian. agaratala aanbasa khovaee, dharmanagar, kailashahar, udayapur aur bagapha mean sthit dizal chalit tap sanyantroan se bijali milati hai. isake alava gumati panabijali pariyojana (1976 mean poori huee) se bhi bijali milati hai. isaki kul sthapit kshamata 6,935 megavat hai. rajy mean hal hi mean prakritik gais ke vyapak sansadhanoan ki khoj huee hai.
sianchaee
tripura rajhy mukhhyat: paha di ilaka hai. tripura rajy mean tripura paha diyaan bhi sthit hai. isaka bhaugolik kshetr 10,49,169 hekhteyar hai. anuman hai ki 2,80,000 hekhteyar bhoomi krishi yoghy hai. 31 march, 2008 tak 93,359 hekhteyar bhoomi kshetr mean lipht sianchaee, gahare nalakoop, disha parivartan, madhhyam sianchaee vhyavashtha, shailo tyoobavail adi ke jarie sunishchit sianchaee ke prabandhan kie ge haian. yah rajhy ki sianchaee yoghy bhoomi ka 79.97 pratishat aur krishi yoghy bhoomi ka lagabhag 33.34 pratishat hai. lok nirman vibhag (jal sansadhan) dvara 1411 daivarzan shkim, 166 gahare nalakoop shkimean poori ki ja chuki haian. 3 madhhyam sianchaee yojanaoan (gumati, khovee aur manu) ke jarie kaman eriya ke kuchh bhag ko sianchaee ka pani upalabhdh karaya ja raha hai. nahar pranali ka kary 2009-10 tak poora ho jane ki ummid hai.
bijali
is samay rajhy ki bijali ki maang lagabhag 162 megav aaut hai. rajhy mean apani pariyojanaoan se lagabhag 80 megav aaut bijali paida ki ja rahi hai. lagabhag 40 megav aaut bijali poorvothtar kshetr mean sthit keandriy kshetr ke vidyut uthpadan keandroan se rajhy ke lie abantit hishse se prapht ki jati hai. yah akalan kiya gaya hai ki varsh 2012 ke dauran sarvochhch maang lagabhag 396 megav aaut ko bhi poora kar diya jaega jo 'rajiv gaandhi vidyutikaran yojana' tatha 'rajhy ke audyogikikaran' ke parinamashvaroop uthpanhn hogi.
tripura ki nee vidyut pariyojanaean
- baramura 1 x 21 megav aaut jiti pariyojana, en.ee.si. ke aantargat pashchim tripura en.ee.si., karyakari ejeansi: ti.es.ee.si.el..
- palatana, udayapur, o.ti.pi.si. vidyut pariyojana (740 megav aaut), dakshin tripura. tripura ka hissa 200 megav aaut hai. 2011-12 mean shuroo hone ki sanbhavana hai.
- monarachak ji.ti. pariyojana (104 megav aaut) : karyakari ejeansi : nipako, 2010- mean shuroo ho jane ki sanbhavana hai.
parivahan
paha di sthalakriti ke karan yahaan sanchar mean kathinaee ati hai. tin or se (839 kilomitar) baangladesh se ghire hone ke karan tripura shesh bharat se lagabhag kata hua hai. agaratala-karimaganj (asam) s dak (3,666 kilomitar) ekamatr bhoo-marg hai aur dharmanagar se asam ke kalakali ghat tak mitar gez relave lain (45 kilomitar) hai. yahaan ki adhikaansh nadiyoan mean navean chalati haian, lekin inaka upayog sthaniy parivahan ke lie hi hota hai. [[chitr:Lake-Agartala-Tripura.jpg|thumb|250px|agaratala mean ek jhil, tripura]]
- s dak marg
tripura mean vibhinhn prakar ki s dakoan ki kul lanbaee 1,997 ki.mi. hai, jisamean se mukhhy zila s dakean 90 ki.mi., anhy zila s dakean 1,218 ki.mi. aur praantiy rajamarg 689 ki.mi haian.
- rel marg
- agaratala-sabaroom sanpark rel lain vishtar ke kary ko keandr sarakar ne manjoori de di hai.
- agaratala aur sabaroom ke bich ek nee b di lain ke lie ianjiniyariang aur yatayat ke sarvekshan ko manjoori de di gee hai.
- havaee marg
- tripura rajy ka mukhhy havaee adda agaratala mean hai.
- agaratala kolakata (pashchim bangal) aur asam ke vibhinn nagaroan se vayu marg dvara ju da hai. rajy ke bhitar bhi vayusena upalabdh hai.
- nagarik uddayan mantralay se anurodh kiya gaya hai ki vah iandiyan eyaralaians aur is kshetr mean kam kar rahi anhy niji uddayan kanpaniyoan se kahean ki ve agaratala aur silachar ke bich barashta kailashahar v kamalapur udan seva shuroo karean. mantralay ne rajhy sarakar se kaha hai ki vah poorvottar parishad ke sath ek ashay-patr hashtakshar kar le aur kailashahar v kamalapur havaee addoan ke vikas par ane vale vhyay ko vahan karean. rajhy sarakar ne is prashtav par sahamat hone mean apani asamarthata jataee haian.
shiksha
21 janavari 1972 mean tripura ke sanpoorn rajy banane ke bad se shiksha ke kshetr mean rajy ne tej gati se vikas kiya hai. akar mean chhota lekin behad khoobasoorat rajy tripura, kshetr aur kshetr ke bahar ke vidyarthianyoan ke lie shiksha ki bahut achchhi suvidha upalabdh kara raha hai. pradesh mean shasakiy vidyalayoan ke sath-sath niji vidyalay bhi sanchalit kie ja rahe haian. dharmik shiksha pradan karane vale bahut se dharmik sansthan bhi is chhote se bharatiy rajy mean apani sevaean de rahe haian.
- vidyalay
tripura ke vidyalay ya to tripura madhyamik shiksha bord (tibiesee) ya keandriy madhyamik shiksha bord (sibiesee) se sanbaddh haian. kuchh vidyalay kauansil f aaur d iandiyan skool sartiphiket ekjamineshans (siaeeesasiee) se bhi sanbaddh haian. pradesh mean lagabhag 4,287 vidyalay haian, jinamean se 2,378 jooniyar besik, 1,139 ke lagabhag siniyar besik, 459 uchch aur 311 uchchatar madhyamik vidyalay rajy sarakar aur edisi pradhikaran dvara chalae ja rahe haian. sabhi shreniyoan ke 34,985 se adhik shikshak rajy sarakar dvara sanchalit is shiksha sanjal ko chalayaman rakhane mean lage haian.
- shiksha vibhag
tripura ka shiksha vibhag apane poore dam-kham ke sath rajy ki shiksha vyavastha ko uchch gunavattayukt tatha pragatishil banane mean laga hai. rajy ki n keval saksharata balki shiksha gunavatta bhi badhane ki disha mean ek mehanati prayas kiya ja raha hai. do pramukh karyakram (1) sarvashiksha abhiyan aur (2) madhyahn bhojan, rajy mean saphalatapoorvak shikshan aur gair-shikshan karmachariyoan ke madhyam se chal rahe haian. madhyamik shiksha tak pahuanch ke sarvabhaumikaran ke lie ek aur naya karyakram rashtriy 'madhyamik shiksha abhiyan' apane praranbh kie jane ki avastha mean pahuanch chuka hai. yah 2010-11 se praranbh kiya jana hai aur shiksha vibhag is disha mean sabhi praranbhik qadam utha raha hai. vidyalay shiksha vibhag shiksha bich mean chho dane valoan ki sankhya shoony tak lane aur sarvashiksha abhiyan ke dvara pradesh ki praranbhik shiksha mean bhagidari shat pratishat tak lane par zor de rahi hai.
- vishvavidyalay
pradesh mean tripura vishvavidyalay namak ek keandriy vishvavidyalay hai, isase ju de 15 shasakiy digri mahavidyalay, ek rashtriy praudyogiki sansthan (enaeeti), do p aauliteknik sansthanoan jinamean se ek khasataur par mahilaoan ke lie hai, ke alava tripura praudyogiki sansthan (tiaeeti) namak rajy ka praudyogiki sansthan bhi hai. dakshini tripura zile hetu ek p aauliteknik ki sthapana ko svikriti mil chuki hai, jabaki uttari tripura aur dhalaee zile mean do p aauliteknik sansthanoan ki sthapana nikat bhavishy mean hone ki ummid hai.
- mahavidyalay
rajy mean do chikitsa mahavidyalay aur ek veteranari, phishari aur krishi mahavidyalay hai. bharatiy vidya bhavan dvara sanchalit ek niji vijnan mahavidyalay bhi hai. ikphaee namak ek niji vishvavidyalay bhi apani sevaean pradan kar raha hai. vibhinn anubhagoan mean uchch shiksha ki akaanksha rakhane vale vidyarthiyoan ki badh rahi sankhya ki zarooratoan ko poora karane ke lie chhah ne shasakiy digri mahavidyalayoan ki sthapana ki jaegi.
saanskritik jivan
thumb|250px|mahila, tripura janajatiy riti-rivaj, lokakathaean v lokagit tripura ki sanskriti ke mahattvapoorn tattv haian. do pramukh varshik utsav gadiya (aprॅl) aur kas (joon ya julaee) haian, jinamean pashuoan ki bali chadhaee jati hai. har samuday ka apana nrity hai, jaise riyaang ka hojagiri, tripuri ka gadiya, jhoom, malamita, masak sumani aur lebaang boomani, chakama ka bijoo, lusaee ka ker aur velkam, malasum ka haee-hak, garo ka vangala, mog ka sangaraika chimithaang, padisha aur abhangama, katee aur jamatiya ka gadiya, bangali samuday ka ganjan, dhamail, sari aur rabiandr sangit, manipuri samuday ka basant rash aur puangachalam, pramukh sangit vady khanb, baansuri, lebaang, sarianda, dotara aur kheangaroang haian. sachin dev barman aur rahul dev barman jaise prasiddh sangitakar isi rajy ki den haian. rajy se 15 baangla v do aangrezi dainik samachar patr prakashit hote haian.
thyohar
nimnalikhit tyohar manaye jate hai-
- tirthamukh aur unakoti mean makar sankraanti
- holi
- unokoti, brahakuand (mohanapur) mean ashokashhtami
- rash
- bangali navavarsh
- gariya, dhamel, bijoo aur hojagiri uthsav
- nauka dau d aur manasa mangal uthsav
- ker aur khachi uthsav
- durgapooja
- divali
- janpuee pahadiyoan mean krisamas
- buddh poornima
- r aaubiandar-najarool-sukaanta uthsav
- gali naty uthsav
- choangaprem uthsav
- khanpuee uthsav
- vah uthsav
- saanshkritik uthsav (lok uthsav)
- murasiang uthsav
- sanghati uthsav
- baisakhi uthsav (sabaroom) adi har varsh manae jate haian.
paryatan samaroh
- areanj eand toorijhm phestival vaangamun
- unoketi toorijhm phestival
- niramahal toorijhm phestival
- pilak turijhm phestival
- saanshkritik/dharmik uthsav
paryatan
tripura har drishti se paryatan ke lie upayukt rajy hai. tripura mean anek sthal haian. yahaan dekhane tatha ghoomane-phirane ke lie kee sthan evan sthal haian. rajy sanskriti ki drishti se bhi sanpann hai. yah rajy poorvottar rajyoan ke mukabale paryatan ki adhik sanbhavanaoan se poorn hai. yahaan poorvottar ke rajyoan ke alava baangladesh jane vale paryatak bhi akarshit hote haian. hotal udyog ke vikas ke sath hi yahaan paryatan ki sanbhavanaean bhi badhi haian. mee 1995 mean deshi v videshi paryatakoan ke lie pratibandhit kshetr anumati-patr ki samapti ke bad 1996 mean yahaan lagabhag do lakh paryatak ae. rajy mean aur adhik paryatakoan ko akarshit karane ki kshamata hai. kolakata v guvahati se rajadhani agaratala tak vayumarg dvara pahuancha ja sakata hai. khoval, kamalapur aur kailashahar tin chhote havaee adde haian.
- vikas ki sanbhavanaean
[[chitr:View-Of-Agartala.jpg|thumb|250px|agaratala ka ek drishy, tripura]] paryatakoan ke akarshan ke sath hi rajy mean isake vikas ki bhari sanbhavanaean haian. 10,491.69 varg kilomitar ke kshetr ke sath yah desh ke sabase chhote rajyo me se ek hai. lekin apane prachin itihas, sauandary, parvatiy ilakoan ki suandarata, hariyali, sanskriti, rahan sahan evan parivesh tatha achchhe mausam ki vajah se ise paryatan mean khasa labh ho sakata hai. paryatakoan ki suvidha ke lie rajy ko do paryatak ikaeeyoan mean baanta gaya hai. pahala hai pashchim-dakshin tripura tatha doosara hai pashchimottar kshetr, jo dhalaee zile tak hai. poore rajy mean paryatan ki apar sanbhavana hai, khasakar eeko-paryatan, dharmik paryatan, heritej paryatan, parvatiy paryatan tatha gramin paryatan.
- parivahan
yah rajy guvahati se relamarg dvara bhi ju da hai. nazadiki relashirsh kumaraghat mean hai. yah agaratala se ju da hai, jo yahaan se lagabhag 140 kilomitar door hai. shilaang hokar guzarate rashtriy rajamarg-44 se guvahati se agaratala tak 24 ghante mean bas dvara pahuancha ja sakata hai. is marg par niji evan sarvajanik aramadayak basean upalabdh haian. isake alava, asam mean silchar tak vayu ya s dak marg dvara pahuanchane ke bad s dak marg dvara agaratala pahuancha ja sakata hai. videshi paryatak akhaura sima niyantran chauki se hote hue baangladesh se bhi agaratala pahuanch sakate haian. dhaka se agaratala tak ki s dak yatra lagabhag tin ghante ki hai.
- mahal
yahaan ke paryatan sthaloan mean agaratala sthit ujjayant mahal, kuanjaban mahal/ rabiandr kanan aur malancha nivas shamil haian. agaratala se 55 kilomitar door niramahal/rudrasagar jhil v 178 kilomitar ki doori par unakoti shail shilp hai, jo kailashahar se ath kilomitar door hai. agaratala mean ashokashtami mela har sal aprॅl mahine mean lagata hai.
- abhayarany
agaratala se 75 kilomitar door gumati (gomati nadi) ke kinare udayapur aur amarapur ke bich sthit devatamura shail pratimaean/ chablamura ek any paryatak sthal hai. gumati nadi ke daean kinare par udayapur mean bhuvaneshvari mandir hai, jahaan rabiandranath taigor ne bisarjan aur rajarshi ki rachana ki thi. agaratala se 25 kilomitar ki doori par sepahijala vanyajiv abhayarany hai, isamean lagabhag 150 prajatiyoan ke pakshi aur chashme ke jaise nishan vale vikhyat bandar pae jate haian.
trishna vanyajiv abhayarany agaratala se lagabhag 100 kilomitar door dakshin tripura zile mean sthit hai. agaratala se 27 kilomitar ki doori par kamalasagar jhil aur lagabhag 200 kilomitar door mizoram ki sima ke pas jamapuee parvat hai, jisaki ooanchaee samudr tal se lagabhag 914 mitar hai. tripura ki sabase ooanchi choti betaloangachhip yahian sthit hai.
- sarakari avas
paryatan ki drishti se sabhi mahattvapoorn sthanoan par sarakari avas upalabdh hai. sath hi niji hotal aur atithigrih bhi haian, lekin ye adhikaanshatah agaratala mean sthit haian. rajy ke paryatan vibhag ne kee paryatan paripathoan ki pahachan ki hai, jinamean se adhikaansh kolakata (bhootapoorv kalakatta) aur rajy ki rajadhani se shuroo hote haian. 1987 mean paryatan ko yahaan udyog ghoshit kiya gaya aur rajy sarakar paryatan ko badhava dene ke lie kee prakar ke protsahan deti hai.
paryatan sthal
[[chitr:Panorama-Of-Ujjayanta-Palace-Agartala.jpg|thumb|450px|ujjayant mahal ka vihangam drishy]]
- agaratala
- kamal sagar
- sephajala
- niramahal
- udayapur
- pilak
- mahamuni
- vesht - n aaurth tripura
- dumboor jhil
- unokoti
- jamapuee hil
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Tripura at a Glance - Statistics (aangrezi) (ech.ti.em.el) tripura ki adhikarik vebasait. abhigaman tithi: 13 mee, 2012.
- ↑ rajyapal (hiandi) bharat ki adhikarik vebasait. abhigaman tithi: 30 janavari, 2016.
- ↑ krishi utpadan ka 46.16 pratishat
- ↑ jisaka istemal bori, tat aur sutali banane mean hota hai
sanbandhit lekh