दक्खिनी हिन्दी

dakkhini ke any nam 'hindi', 'hindavi', 'dakani', 'dakhani', 'dehalavi', 'goojari' (shah burahanuddin- yah sab gujari kiya jaban), 'hindustani', 'zabane hindustani', 'dakkhini hindi', 'dakkhini urdoo', 'musalamani', *'dakkhini hindi moolat: hindi ka hi ek roop hai.

• isaka mool adhar, dilli ke asapas prachalit 14vian - 15vian sadi ki 'kh di boli' hai.
• musalamanoan ne bharat mean ane par is boli ko apanaya tha.
• masood, ibnasad, khusaro tatha phariduddin shakaraganji adi ne apani hindi kavitaean isi mean likhi thian.
• 15vian - 16vian sadi mean fauj, fakiroan tatha daraveshoan ke sath yah bhasha dakshin bharat mean pahuanchi aur vahaan pramukhat: musalamanoan mean, tatha kuchh hinduoan mean jo uttar bharat ke the, prachalit ho gee. isake kshetr pramukhat: dakshin bharat ke bijapur, golakunda, ahamadanagar adi, barar, mumbee tatha madhy pradesh adi haian.
• griyarsan ise hindustani ka big da roop n manakar uttar bharat ki 'sahityik hindustani' ko hi isaka big da roop manate haian.
• d aau. chatarji ise hindustani nahian, to usaki sahodara bhasha avashy manate haian.
• d aau. bholanath tivari ke anusar bhasha vaijnanik drishti se, dakkhini moolat: 'prachin kh diboli' hai, jisamean panjabi, hariyani, braj, mevati tatha avadhi ke kuchh roop bhi haian.
• dakshin mean jane ke bad is par kuchh gujarati - marathi ka bhi prabhav p da hai.
• uttari bharat ki panjabi, hariyani, braj, avadhi adi bhashaoan ke roopoan ke milane ka yah arth kadapi nahian hai ki in prakar ki mishrit thi hi. sabhi boliyoan ka spasht alag- alag vikas nahian hua tha.
• kabir ne bhi isi mishrit bhasha ka prayog kiya hai.
• griyarsan ke bhasha- sarvekshan ke anusar, dakkhini bolane valoan ki sankhya lagabhag sadhe chhattis lakh thi. aj bhi us kshetr mean, dakkhini urdoo nam se boli jati hai, yadyapi yah bhasha kee drishtiyoan se badal gee hai.
• parivartan ki drishti se tin batean ullekhaniy haian-

1. urdoo bhasha ka us par paryapt prabhav p d gaya hai.
2. kuchh purane roop vikasit hokar kuchh- ke- kuchh ho ge haian.
3. shabd- samooh ke kshetranusar tamil, telugu, kann d adi bhashaoan ka prabhav p da hai.

• 15vian se 18vian sadi tak dakkhini ko bahamani vansh ke tatha any rajaoan ka ashray prapt raha aur isamean paryapt sahity- rachana huee. isamean gady- sahity bhi paryapt prachin milata hai. kh di boli gady ka prachin pramanik granth dakkhini mean hi milata hai. is gady- granth ka nam 'mirajul ashikin' hai, jisake lekhak khvaja bandanavaz (1318- 1430) haian. dakkhini ke sahityakaroan mean abdulla, vajahi, nijami, gavasi, gulamali tatha beloori adi pramukh haian.
• urdoo sahity ka arambh bhi vastut: dakkhini se hi hua hai. urdoo ke pratham kavi vali (rachana- kal 1700ee. ke lagabhag)hi dakkhini ke aantim kavi vali aurangabadi haian. is prakar dakkhini ko ek prakar se urdoo ki janani kah sakate haian, yadyapi bhasha aur bhav donoan hi drishtiyoan se donoan mean akash- patal ka aantar hai.
• dakkhini keval lipi hi pharasi (ya prachilit shabdavali mean urdoo) hai, anyatha isaki bhasha mean samany hindi ki bhaanti hi, bharatiy parampara ke shabd paryapt haian. arabi- pharasi shabd urdoo ki tulana mean bahut hi kam haian. isaka kshetr dakshin mean ho ne ke karan hi isaka nam dakkhini hai. aj hindivale, ise 'hindi' ya 'dakkhini hindi' kahakar, ise apani bhasha aur isake sahity ko apane sahity ka aang man rahe haian.
• vastut: n keval dakkhini bhasha, apitu usaka sahity bhi hindi se nikat hai. apavadoan ko chho dakar, urdoo ke viruddh, dakkhini bhasha aur sahity ki atma poornataya bharatiy hai.
• kuchh shabd udaharan ke lie dekhe ja sakate haian: prakar, sanchit, indriy, alipt, sthool, kalpit (burahanuddin mean); gagan, kala, pavan, nir, adhar, yauvan (kuli kutubashah mean); gambhir, anup, bhal, jiv (vajahi mean). yoan urdoo bhi hindi ki ek shaili hi hai, bahut sashakt evan sajiv shaili. aisi sthiti mean 'dakkhini hindi' hindi hi hai. kisi bhi dakkhini gady- lekhak ya kavi ne usake lie 'urdoo' shabd ka prayog nahian kiya hai. aisi sthiti mean kisi bhi roop mean, urdoo nam ka prayog, usake lie bahut uchit nahian kaha ja sakata.
• dakkhini ke lie prachin nam hindi (yoan maian hindavi kar asan- shekh asharaf (1503 nausarahar)mean) milate haian, jisaka ashay yah ki uttar bharat se, bhasha ke sath bhi ge the. bad mean sambhavat: satrahavian sadi ke aantim charan mean 'dakkhini' nam prachilit hua. isaka pratham pramanik prayog kadachith 'vajahi' mean hai. ve apani 'kutubamushtari' (1938 ee.) mean likhate haian- dakhin mean jo dakhini mithi bat ka. kuchh urdoo lekhakoan ne likha hai ki dakkhini ko bad mean 'rekhta' bhi kahane lage the.
• vastut: bat aisa nahian hai. dakkhini ke aantim kal ke kaviyoan (jaise vali adi) ne 'rekhta' ka kavy ki ek vishesh shaili ke lie hi prayog kiya hai. yah dakkhini ka nam nahian hai. isaka mool adhar 14-15vian sadi ki (fauj, fakir daravesh) dilli - agara ki kh di boli hai.
• musalamanoan ke sath yah age chalakar karnatak, aandhr, tamilanadu, keral, maharashtr, gujarat mean phail gee. svabhavat: is par in sabhi madhyakal mean kafi rachanaean hueean jo dakkhini sahity ke nam se prasiddh haian.
• ab in kshetroan mean jo sahity- rachana hoti hai vah dakkhini mean n hokar pray: manak hindi ya urdoo mean hoti hai.
• isaki vartaman upaboliyoan mean mukhy maisoore, gulabargi, bidari, bijapuri, haidarabadi adi haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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