नृत्य कला

[[chitr:Birju-Maharaj-1.jpg|thumb|250px|birajoo maharaj
Birju Maharaj]] jayamangal ke matanusar chauansath kalaoan mean se yah ek kala hai. yah kala nrity (nachana) kala hai. hav-bhav adi ke sath ki gayi gati ko nrity kaha jata hai. nrity mean karan, aangahar, vibhav, bhav, anubhav aur rasoan ki abhivyakti ki jati hai. nrity ke do prakar haian-

• ek naty.
• doosara anaty.

svarg-narak ya prithvi ke nivasiyoan ki kritika anukaran ko 'naty' kaha jata hai aur anukaran-virahit nrity ko 'anaty' kaha jata hai. khule sthan mean sharir ki gati ya sanchalan, nrity ya talabaddh gati, prachinatam abhivyaktiyoan mean se ek hai. sabhi sanskritiyoan mean kisi n kisi roop mean nrity vidyaman hai. pragaitihasik gufa chitroan se lekar adhunik chitrakaroan aur shilpakaroan tak sabhi ne is gatij kshan ko pattharoan ya chitroan mean baandhane ka prayas kiya hai, nrity svaroopoan aur shailiyoan mean vividhata hai. yah sadharan anukaran, nakal se lekar pashchimi baile ki sugadh shaili tak ho sakata hai. nrity ek sashakt aveg (manoveg) hai. lekin nrity kala ek aisa aveg hai, jise kushal kalakaroan ke dvara kisi madhyam se aisi kriya mean badal diya jata hai, jo gahan roop se abhivyaktipoorn hoti hai aur darshakoan ko, jo svayan nrity karane ki ichchha nahian rakhate, anandit karati hai.

avadharanaean

nrity kala ki ye do avadharanaean-

• ek sashakt aveg ke taur par nrity aur
• kushalatapoorvak nrity sanyojan.

[[chitr:Natraj.jpg|thumb|250px|left|nataraj shiv]] jise adhikatar kuchh peshevar logoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. is vishay se ju de do sarvadhik mahattvapoorn sanyojak vichar haian, nrity mean in do avadharanaoan ke bich ka sambandh any kalaoan ke muqabale adhik mazaboot hai aur ek-doosare ke bina donoan ka hi astitv nahian ho sakata. yadyapi is vyapak paribhasha mean kala ke sabhi svaroop a jate haian. darshanikoan aur alochakoan ne samooche itihas mean nrity ki vibhinn paribhashaean di haian. lekin ve nrity ki us shaili ka vistrit vivaran matr hai, jisase ve suparichit the. atah poyatiks mean arastu ka vaktavy hai ki nrity layatmak gati hai, jisaka uddeshy manushyoan ke gunoan ke sath-sath unake karyoan v kashtoan ka pratinidhitv karana hai. yoonani shastriy rangamanch mean nrity ki kendriy bhoomika ki or iangit karata hai. jahaan gayak dal giti prahasan ke dauran apani bhav bhangimaoan dvara natak ki kathavastu ko prastut karata tha.

j aaun vivar ke lekh mean

aangrezi baile ke panndit j aaun vivar ne 1721 mean likhe ek lekh mean yah tark diya ki 'nrity' ek parishkrit, niyamit gati hai, jo sundar mudraoan se samanvayatmak dhang se rachit (suvyavasthit) hai aur jisamean sharir v aangoan ki saumy mudraean evan unake aansh bhi haian. vivar ka vivaran spashtatah tatkalin baile ke pratishthit v shalin svaroop ka pratibimb hai, jo atyadhik aupacharik tha aur jisamean sashakt bhavana ki kami thi, 19vian shatabdi ke nrity itihasakar gastoan vili ne bhi lality, samanvay aur sauandary jaisi visheshataoan par zor diya aur vastavik nrity ko arambhik manushy ki aparishkrit v svatah gatiyoan se alag kiya.

nrity sanyojan kala

sambhavatah manavata ke arambhik kal mean aparichit thi. vanoan mean ghoomate, apane shikar kie ge maans ka svad lete asabhy manushy ko un layatmak bhangimaoan ka zara bhi jnan nahian tha. jo usake mizaj se bilkul alag madhur v premapoorn sanvedanaoan ka pratibimb thian. vah adhik se adhik apane asabhy jivan ki khushiyoan v dukhoan ko uchhal-koodakar, asangat mudraoan se vyakt karata raha hoga.

20vian shatabdi ke nrity alochak jan martin ne aantarik bhav ki sharirik abhivyakti ke taur par nrity ki bhoomika par zor dete samay usake aupacharik ayam ki lagabhag upeksha ki. aisa karake, unhoanne adhunik ameriki nrity ki abhivyaktivadi shaili ke prati apani sahanubhooti ko hi jhuthalaya. nrity ki in vividh abhivyaktiyoan ke mool mean...gati ka sahara lene ka samany aveg hai, jisase un avasthaoan ko moort roop diya ja sakata hai jo tarkik sadhanoan se sambhav nahian hai. yahi maulik nrity hai. atah nrity ki vastavik sarvabhaumik paribhasha ko adharabhoot siddhaant ki or lautana hoga ki nrity ek kala shaili ya gatividhi hai, jo sharir v sharir ki yathasambhav vibhinn gatividhiyoan ka upayog karati hai. nrity gatiyaan kary, yatra ya jivit rahane se pratyaksh taur par sambaddh ya asambaddh ho sakati hai. nrity in gatividhiyoan se ju di gatiyoan se bana ho sakata hai. jaise ki kee sanskritiyoan mean kriyatmak nrity am hai aur aisi gatividhiyoan ke sath kie ja sakate haian, yahaan tak ki sarvadhik vyavaharik nrity ki ghatak gatiyaan bhi sidhe shram ke star tak nahian pahuanch jati, balki unamean atmabhivyakti sauandaryatmak anand aur manoranjan jaisi atirikt visheshataean shamil hoti haian.

bharatiy nrity

[[chitr:Bharatanatyam-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|bharatanatyam nrity
Bharatanatyam Dance]] bharat mean nrity ko tin shreniyoan mean baanta ja sakata hai—

• shastriy
• lok
• adhunik ya samasamayik nrity.

shastriy nrity

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

shastriy nrity shailiyaan sarvadhik sanrakshit v 20vian shatabdi mean prachalit prachinatam shailiyoan mean se haian. mandir, rajasi darabar aur guru-shishy parampara ne is kala ko jivit v aparivartit rakha hai.

lok nrity

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

lokanrity gramin kshetroan mean maujood hai aur gramin samudayoan ke dainik kam kaj v riti-rivajoan ki abhivyakti hai.

adhunik ya samasamayik nrity

adhunik bharatiy nrity 20 shatabdi ki den hai aur pahali bharat ki nee vishay-vastuoan v avegoan ko vyakt karati hai.

bharatiy film

vartaman samay mean bharat mean nrity ki lokapriyata is tathy se aanki ja sakati hai ki shayad hi koee aisi bharatiy film hogi, jisamean adhe darjan nrity n hoan. ek am-si prem kahani mean nayak v nayika kahian bhi, kisi bhi jagah par nach sakate haian. ek film kahani mean koee patakatha lekhak bhale n ho, lekin usamean ek nrity nirdeshak zaroor hota hai. nrity ke bahut se avasar upalabdh karane ke lie kaviyoan, darabari v mandir mean nrity karane vale nartakoan par v pauranik vishay-vastu par filmean banaee jati haian. isake lie visheshajn nartakoan ki sevaean li jati haian.

20vian shatabdi mean shastriy nrity mandiroan v rajasi darabaroan se bahar nikala aur ab b de shaharoan mean manch par niyamit taur par prastut kiya jata haian. dhani udyami, aantarrashtriy hotal v uchch varg ke dhani parivar nrity ke pramukh sanrakshak haian. vyaparik ratri bhoj par kisi klab ke varshik samaroh mean kisi b de kalakar ke dvara shastriy nrity prastut kiya jana asamany bat nahian hai. kuchh vishvavidyalayoan ke pathyakramoan mean nrity ek niyamit vishay hai. shaharoan ke samasamayik saanskritik karyakramoan mean lokanrity bhi ab am hote ja rahe haian. adhikaansh mahavidyalayoan ki apani lokanrity mandaliyaan haian. yahaan tak ki panjab pulis mean bhaang da karane ke lie lokanrity samooh hai. gramin prishthabhoomi se kat chuke lokanrity apani mool oorja v sauandary kho chuke haian. lekin ye rajyoan ke bich ho rahe kshetriy sanskriti ke kalatmak adan-pradan ka aparihary aang haian.

vividh nrity kala

100px|nataraj|nataraj

70px|link=birajoo maharaj|birajoo maharaj

150px|link=bihoo nrity|bihoo nrity, asam

115px|link=odisi nrity|odisi nrity, u disa

135px|link=kathakali nrity|kathakali nrity, keral

150px|ghumar nrity, rajasthan

70px|link=manipuri nrity|manipuri nrity, manipur

150px|link=bhaang da nrity|bhaang da nrity, panjab

155px|link=garaba nrity|garaba nrity, gujarat

75px|link=kuchi pudi nrity|kuchi pudi nrity, aandhr pradesh

150px|link=rasalila|rasalila

110px|link=charakula nrity|charakula nrity

bharatiy shastriy nrity

nrity-natika

[[chitr:Kathakali-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|kathakali nrity, keral
Kathakali Dance, Kerala]] bharat mean shastriy aur lok paramparaoan ke zariye ek prakar ki nrity-natika ka uday hua hai. jo poornatah ek naty svaroop hai. isame abhineta jatil bhangimapoorn bhasha ke zariye ek katha ko nrity ke madhyam se prastut karata hai aur yah svaroop apane sarvabhaumik prabhav mean upamahadvip ki bhashaee simaoan se oopar uth chuka hai. kuchh shastriy nrity-natikaoan (jaise-kathakali, kuchipu di aur bhagavat mela) mean lokapriy hindoo pauranik kathaoan ka abhinay hota hai. 20vian shatabdi ke nartak udayashankar aur shaanti barddhan ne in paramparik nrity-natikaoan se prerit baile ka srijan kiya. samakalin bharatiy nirdeshak aur lekhak paramparik nrity shailiyoan ko phir se parakh rahe haian aur adhik manovaijnanik punaravedan tatha gahare kalatmak prabhav ke lie apani rachanaoan mean inaka upayog kar rahe haian. bharat ke gaanvoan mean rahane vale karo doan log ab bhi lok virasat ki gady natakoan ki lokapriyata ke bavajood gramin bharat mean nrity-natikaoan ke madhyam se apana manoranjan karate haian. shahari darshakoan mean sidhe gady natakoan ki lokapriyata ke bavajood gramin bharat mean nrity-natika nishchit roop se adhik gahara prabhav chho dati hai aur zyada santushti pradan karati hai. kyoanki graminoan ka sauandary bodh ab bhi paramparaoan se ju da hua hai.

shastriy nrity ki takanik aur isake prakar

natyashastr ke anusar, nartak abhineta natak ke arth ko char prakar ke abhinayoan ke zariye prastut karata haiah aangik ya sharir ke vibhinn aangoan ke shailipoorn sanchalan ke madhyam se bhavana ki prastuti; vachik ya boli, git, svar ki tarata aur svarashaili; ahary ya veshabhoosha aur shrriangar; aur satvik ki kisi any pustak mean sampoorn manovaijnanik sansadhanoan ki prastuti hai.

kalakar ke pas shailikrit bhangimaoan ka jatil bhandar hota hai. sharir ke pratyek aang, jinamean se aankhean v hath sarvadhik mahattvapoorn haian, ke lie paramparik taur par mudraean nirdharit haian. sir ke lie 13, bhauanhoan ke lie 7, nak ke lie 6, galoan ke lie 6, tho di ke lie 7, gardan ke lie 9, vaksh ke lie 5 v aankhoan ke lie 36, pairoan v nimn aangoan ke lie 32, jinamean se 16 bhoomi par v 16 hava ke lie nirdharit haian. paanv ki vibhinn gatiyaan (jaise-ithalana, thumakana, tirachhe chalana, tal) savadhani se ki jati haian.

ek hath ki 24 mudraean (asanyukt hast) aur donoan hathoan ki 13 mudraean (sanyukt hast), ek hast mudra ke ek-doosare se bilkul bhinn 30 arth ho sakate haian. udaharanarth, ek hath ki pataka mudra, jisamean sabhi aanguliyoan ko age badhakar, mu de hue aangoothe ke sath milakar, garmi, varsha, bhi d, ratri, van, gho da ya pakshiyoan ki u dane ko dikhaya ja sakata hai. pataka mudra mean hi tisari aanguli mo dane ka (tripataka) arth mukut, vriksh vivah, agni dvar ya raja bhi ho sakata hai. karkat (keank da) mean donoan hathoan ka upayog kar, aanguliyoan ko jo dakar madhumakkhi ka chhatta, jamhaee ya shankh dikhaya ja sakata hai. in alag-alag arthoan ke lie hath ki sthiti ya kriya bhinn hogi. [[chitr:Mohini-Attam-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|left|mohani attam nrity
Mohini Attam Dance]] kisi ekal nrity natika mean abhinay karate hue ek purush ya ek mahila chehare ke bhav, mudraean v mizaj badalate hue kramashah do ya tin pramukh charitroan ki abhinay karati hai. udaharan ke lie, bhagavan krishna, unaki eershyalu patni satyabhama v unaki saumy patni rukmini ko ek hi vyakti abhinit kar sakata hai. hindoo nrity v rangamanch ka soandaryatmak anand is bat par nirbhar karata hai ki koee kalakar kisi vishisht bhav ko vyakt karane v ras jagane mean kitana saphal hai. shabdik roop mean ras ka arth 'svad' ya 'mahak' hai aur yah anandatirek ya manodasha hai, jisaka anubhav darshak kisi nrity (abhinay) pradarshan ko dekhakar karata hai. hindoo natak ke alochak kathavastu ya kisi kavita v natak ki takaniki poornata ki or adhik dhyan dekar ras par adhik dhyan dete haian. nrity mean nau ras haian—

• shrriangar ras
• hasy ras
• karun ras
• krodh ras
• bhay ras
• vir ras
• jugutsa ras
• vismay ras
• shant ras

in rasoan ke sangat bhav bhi haian—prem, hasy, dukh, krodh, oorja, bhay, nirasha, ashchary evan shanti. ab tak maujood shastriy nrity ki char pramukh shailiyaan haian. bharatanatyam, kathakali, kathak aur manipuri. inamean do prakar ke bhav haian. ek taandav, jo shiv ke raudr paurush, doosara lasy, jo shiv ki patni parvati ke layatmak lavany ka pratinidhitv karata hai, bharatamuni ke natyashastr se janme bharatanatyam mean lasy ki pradhanata hai aur isaka uday dakshini bharat ke tamilanadu rajy mean hua hai. kathakali keral mean janmi taandav bhav ki mookabhinay nrity-natika hai. jisamean uchch shirovastr v chehare ka vistrit shrriangar kiya jata hai. kathak lasy v taandav ka mishran hai. klisht padatal v layatmak rachanaoan ki ganitiy parishuddhata isaki visheshata hai aur yah nrity uttar mean phala-phoola, apani jhoomati v visarpit mudraoan se yukt manipuri mean lasy ki visheshataean haian aur yah manipur ka nrity hai. 1958 mean nee dilli sthit sangit natak akadami ne do nrity shailiyoan, aandhr pradesh ki kuchipu di v u disa ki odisi shaili ko shastriy nrity ka darja diya. svaroop aur prakriti mean, kuchipu di ki kuchh visheshataean bharatanatyam se milati-julati haian, odisi apane ap mean ek alag shaili hai. isaka nrity vyakaran moolatah tribhang se vikasit hua hai. yah u disa ki shaili hai.

shastriy nrity ki shailiyaan

bharat mean nrity ki j dean prachin paranparaoan mean hai. is vishal upamahadvip mean nrityoan ki vibhinn vidhaoan ne janm- liya hai. pratye‍k vidha ne vishisht samay v vatavaran ke prabhav se akar liya hai. pratyek vidha kisi vishisht kshetr athava vyaktiyoan ke samooh ke lokachar ka pratinidhitv karati hai.
bharatanatyam kathakali katthak odisi manipuri mohiniattam kuchi pu di kutti attam chakyarakooantu ottanatullaloo krishnanattam koodiyattam yakshagan	thumb|650px|nrity kala

shastriy nrity ke any svaroop

any shastriy ya arddhashastriy paanramparik nrity shailiyoan mean bhagavat mela, mohini attam v kuravanchi shamil haian. tamilanadu ke melatur gaanv ke prasiddh varshik narasianh jayanti parv mean pradarshit bhagavat mela mean samriddh karnatak sangit se poorn shastriy bhangimaoan ka prayog kiya jata hai. isake vyakaran ko sangitakar-kavi veankatarama shastri (1759-1847) ne samriddh kiya. jinhoanne telugu bhasha mean ullekhaniy nrity-natikaean taiyar ki haian. mohiniattam hindoo pauranik kathaoan mean varnit shiv ko mohane vali mohini ki kianvadanti par adharit hai. yah bharatanatyam v kathakali ke tathyoan par adharit hai aur isamean karnatak sangit ke sath malayalam gitoan ka upayog kiya jata hai. kuravanchi tamilanadu mean prachalit giti sauandary se yukt nrity-natika hai. ise char se ath mahilaoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. jinake sath ek yayavar (bhavishyavakta) hota hai, jo apane premi ke lie lalayit ek stri ki katha ka prarambh karata hai. aupacharik taur par yah bharatiy lokanrity evan shastriy nrity shaili ka mishran hai.

lokanrity

bharatiy lokanrityoan ke aantargat anant prakar ke svaroop aur tal haian. inamean dharm, vyavasay aur jati ke adhar par antar paya jata hai. madhy aur poorvi bharat ki janajatiyaan (muriya, bhil, goan d, juaang aur santhal) sabhi avasaroan par nrity karati haian. jivan chakr aur rrituoan ke varshik chakr ke lie alag-alag nrity haian. nrity, dainik jivan aur dharmik anushthanoan ka aang hai. badalati jivan shailiyoan ke karan nrityoan ki prasangikata vishisht avasaroan se bhi age pahuanch gee hai. nrityoan ne kalatmak-nrity ka darja prapt kar liya hai. pratyek utsav ya sarvajanik ayojan mean in nrityoan ka dikhaee dena samany bat hai. prativarsh 26 janavari, bharatiy ganatantr divas ek aisa mahattvapoorn avasar hai, jab neshanal stediyam ke vishal kshetr aur pared ke 8 kilomitar lambe marg par nrity karane ke lie desh ke sabhi bhagoan se nartak dilli ate haian. [[chitr:Bihu-Dance-Assam.jpg|thumb|250px|bihoo nrity, asam
Bihu Dance, Assam]] bharatiy lokanrityoan ka vargikaran karana kathin hai, lekin samany taur par inhean char vargoan mean rakha ja sakata hai.

• vrittimoolak (jaise jutaee, buaee, machhali pak dana aur shikar)
• dharmik
• anushthanik (taantrik anushthan dvara prasann kar devi ya danav-pretatma ke kop se mukti ke lie)
• samajik (aisa prakar jo uparokt sabhi vargoan mean shamil hai)

prasiddh samajik lokanrityoan mean kolayacha (koliyoan ka nrity) shamil hai. pashchimi bharat ke koankan tat ke machhuaroan ke mool nrity kolayacha mean naukayan ki bhavabhangima dikhaee jati hai. mahilaean apane purush sathiyoan ki or rumal laharati haian aur purush thirakati chal ke sath age badhate haian. vivah ke avasar par yuva koli (machhuare) navadanmpati ke svagam mean ghareloo bartan hath mean pak dakar galiyoan mean nrity karate haian aur nrity ke charam par pahuanchate hi navadanmpati bhi nachane lagate haian.

lok nrity ki takanik aur isake prakar

ghoomar nrity rajasthan ka samajik lokanrity hai. mahilaean lambe ghaghare aur rangin chunari pahanakar nrity karati haian. is kshetr ke kachchi gho di nartak vishesh taur par darshaniy hai. dhal aur lambi talavaroan se lais nartakoan ka oopari bhag doolhe ki paramparik veshabhoosha mean rahata hai aur nichale bhag ko baans ke dhaanche par kagaz ki lugadi se bane gho de se dhaka jata hai. nartak, shadiyoan aur utsavoan par barechhebazi ka muqabala karate haian. bavari log lokanrity ki is shaili ke kushal kalakar haian. panjab kshetr mean sabase adhik joshila lokanrity fasal kataee ke avasar par bhaang da hai, jo bharat-pakistan sima ke donoan or kiya jata hai aur lokapriy bhi hai. is nrity ke sath-sath git gaya jata hai. pratyek pankti ki samapti par dhol gooanjata hai aur antim pankti sabhi nartak milakar gate haian. bhaang da ke harshonmad ka nrity hai, jisamean har ayu ke purush nachate haian. ve masti mean chillate aur golaee mean ghoomate hue nrity karate haian aur unake kandhe aur koolhe dhol ki lay par thirakate haian. [[chitr:Kuchipudi-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kuchi pudi nrity, aandhr pradesh
Kuchipudi Dance, Andhra Pradesh]]

aandhr pradesh ka nrity

aandhr pradesh ki lanba di janajati ki khanabadosh mahilaean shishoan se j de shirovastr aur ghaghare pahanati haian aur apani bajoo chau de safed haddiyoan ke bane kanganoan se dhakati haian. ve dhire-dhire jhoomate hue nrity karati haian. jabaki purush dhol bajane aur gane ka kam karate haian. unaka samajikenrity avegapoorn shobha aur gitimayata se otaprot hota hai aur yah vishv ke any bhagoan ke banjaroan ke nrity se apekshakrit kam prachand hota hai.

madhy pradesh ka nrity

madhy pradesh mean muriya janajati ka gaval-siang (paha di bhaiansa) nrity purushoan aur mahilaoan, donoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. jo paramparik taur par barabari ka jivan vyatit karate haian. purush siang se j de shirovastr guchchhedar pankh ke sath pahanate haian aur unake cheharoan par kau di ki jhalar latakati hai. unake gale mean lak di ke latth jaisa dhol latakata hai. mahilaoan ke sir chau di thos pital ki mala se aur sina bhari dhatu ke gahanoan se dhake hote haian aur unake hathoan mean dhol jaise manjire hote haian. 50 se 100 ki sankhya mean stri v purush milakar nrity karate haian. gaval (baisan) ke vesh mean purush ek-doosare par hamala karate v l date haian aur siangoan se pattoan ko u date hue ve prakriti ke milan ke mausam ki gatishil abhivyakti karate hue nrityaanganaoan ka pichha karate haian. u disa mean juaang janajati sashakt paurushapoorn phurti ke sath pakshiyoan aur pashuoan ka nrity b de sajiv abhinay ke sath karati haian, dharmik lokanrityoan ke kuchh pramukh udaharan haiah maharashtr ke diandi aur kala nrity, jo dharmik ullas ki abhivyakti hai. nartak gol chakkar mean ghoomate haian aur chhoti lathiyaan (diandi) zamin par marate hue samoohagan ke mukhy gayak bichoan bich kh de dhol vadak ka sath dete haian. lay mean tezi ate hi nartak do paktiyaan bana lete haian aur daany paanv ko jhukakar baane paanv ke sath age badhate haian aur is prakar jyamiti ke akar banate haian. kala nrity mean ek bartan mean dahi hona zaroori hai, jo urvarata ka pratik hai. nartakoan ka samooh do vritt banata hai. jisamean ek nartak ke oopar doosara nartak hota hai. ek purush in donoan vrittoan ke oopar chadhakar oopar lataki dahi ki mataki pho data hai. jisamean dahi nartakoan ke sharir par phail jata hai. is anushthanik shuruat ke bad nartak jabaradast ran nrity ki mudra mean apani lathiyaan aur talavarean ghumate haian.

gujarat ka nrity

[[chitr:Garba-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|garaba nrity, gujarat
Garba Dance., Gujarat]] garaba, jo vastav mean ek dharmik handiya ko kahate haian, gujarat ka suprasiddh dharmik nrity hai. yah navaratri ke nau din ke varshik utsav ke dauran 50 se 100 mahilaoan ke samooh dvara devi aanba ke samman mean kiya jata hai. jinhean bharat ke any bhagoan mean durga ya kali ke nam se jana jata hai. mahilaean gol chakkar mean ghoomate hue jhukati, mu dati, hathoan se taliyaan aur kabhi-kabhi aanguliyoan se chutaki bajati haian. is nrity ke sath devi ki stuti mean git bhi gae jate haian.

tamilanadu rajy ka nrity

dharmik anushthan se ju de lokanrityoan ki anant shailiyoan mean kee ka chamatkarik mahattv hai aur ye puratan upasana se ju di haian. tamilanadu rajy ka karakam nrity mukhyatah mariyammee (mahamari ki devi) ki pratima ke samaksh varshik utsav par devi se mahamari ka prakop n phailane ki prarthana ke sath kiya jata hai. nartak ke sir par lambe baans ke dhaanche se dhake kachche chaval ka bartan rakha jata hai. jise nartak ko nrity ki uchhal-kood ke dauran bina chhue sambhale rakhana hota hai. log ise devi ki kripa manate haian aur kahate haian ki nartak ke sharir mean devi pravesh karati hai. jisake karan yah chamatkar hota hai. keral mean hinduoan ke poojy devoan tatha danavoan ko prasann karane ke lie therayattam utsav ayojit kiya jata hai. vismayakari veshabhoosha aur mukhautoan se lais nartak gaanv ke pooja sthal ke samane anokha anushthan karate haian. ek shrriddhalu murge ki bheant chadhata hai. jise nartak jhapat leta hai aur ek hi jhatake mean usaka sir alag kar deta hai v ashirvad dete hue use shrriddhalu ka lauta deta hai. is samaroh ke sath lamba aur manthar nrity chalata rahata hai. [[chitr:Manipuri-Dance.jpg|thumb|left|manipuri nrity, manipur
Manipuri Dance, Manipur]]

arunachal pradesh ka nrity

arunachal pradesh (bhootapoorv poorvottar phrantiyar ejeansi 'nepha') mean sabase zyada mukhauta nrity kie jate haian. yahaan tibbat ki nrity shailiyoan ka prabhav dikhaee deta hai. yak nrity kashmir ke laddakh kshetr aur asam ke nikat himalay ke dakshini simavarti kshetroan mean kiya jata hai. yak ka roop dharan kie nartak apani pith par chadhe adami ko sath lie nrity karata hai. mukhautoan ke sath kie jane vale lokanrity sada topotsen mean purush nartak bh dakile zaridar resham ke lambe kurate pahanate haian. jinaki chau di jhoolati bahean hoti haian. ve ajibo garib muskan vale lak di ke mukhaute pahanate haian. jin par khop diyoan ka mukut hota hai. jo paralok ki atmaoan ka pratinidhitv karati hai. nartak bich-bich mean koodate hue takatavar lekin dhimi chakkaradar mudraean banate haian. mukhauta nrity ki ek anoothi shaili chhoo ko jharakhand (bhootapoorv bihar) ke poorv—sarayakela riyasat ke ek shahi parivar ne sanrakshit rakha hai. nartak bhagavan, pashu, pakshi, shikari, indradhanush, rat ya phool ka roop dharan karata hai. vah ek chhote prasang ka abhinay karata hai aur aprail mean varshik chaitr utsav mean kee bhavachitroan ki ek l di prastut karata hai. chhoo mukhaute adhikaanshatah manaviy lakshanoan se yukt hote haian. jinhean vividh bhav dikhane ke lie tho da-bahut paravartit kiya jata hai. sadharan sapat rangoan mean chitrit mukhautoan ki shant abhivyakti kathakali ke vyapak roop shrriangar ya kaandayan mukhautoan ki zaroorat se zyada pishachiy akriti aur japan ke 'no drama' se bahut alag dikhati hai. chooanki chhoo nartak ka chehara bhavahin hota hai, isalie usaka sharir hi patr ke sampoorn bhavanatmak aur manovaijnanik tanavoan ko vyakt karata hai. usake paanv bhangima-bhasha ka prayog karate haian. usake panje pashu ke panjoan ki tarah phurtile, sakriy aur bhavabodhak hote haian. nrity ke dauran gayan nahian hota, sirf vady sangit hota hai. u disa ke mayoorabhanj zile mean kie jane vale chhoo nrity ki ek any shaili mean nartak mukhaute nahian pahanate, parantu jan-boojhakar sakht aur achal chehare banakar mukhaute ka bhram dete haian. unaka nrity shram aur karatab se bhara hota hai.

lok nrity ki shailiyaan

bharat ki prachin sanskriti ne, lok nrityoan ke vibhinn svaroopoan ko janm diya hai. sanskriti v paranparaoan ki vividhata lok nrityoan mean saf jhalakati hai. vibhinn rajyoan ke in nrityoan mean jivan ka pratibianb hai aur nrityan ki lagabhag har mudra ka vishisht arth hota hai. [[chitr:Bhangra.jpg|thumb|250px|bhaang da, panjab
Bhangra., Punjab]]

• bhaang da
• bhoratal
• bhavee
• bihoo
• garaba
• kummi
• poikkal kudiraee attam
• devarattanam
• thabal chhoangaba
• chhaoo
• jatra
• chera
• nati
• luddi
• ghuree
• jhamak da
• sianghi

adhunik bharatiy nrity

[[chitr:Odissi-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|odisi nrity, u disa
Odissi Dance, Orissa]] halaanki pashchim mean uchcharit shabdoan, sangit aur nrityoan ke rangamanchiy tatvoan ka svatantr roop se drama, opera aur nrity-natika 'baile' ke taur par vikas hua, lekin bharat mean manchiy parampara tinoan svaroopoan ko ek hi sath apane natakoan mean sammilit karati rahi. bharatiy filmoan mean ab tak isi niyam ko mana jata hai. nayika, achanak apane nayak ke lie gana gane ya nrity karane lagati hai. aisi parampara pashchim ke logoan ke lie bahut kautoohalapoorn hai. lekin vastav mean film nirmata apani shastriy aur lok parampara ka palan kar rahe haian. hal mean pashchim arth mean jatil koriyografi-nrityakala ke sath baile nrity-natika ke svaroop mean nrity ne alag pahachan banaee hai.

adhunik bharatiy baile nrity-natika ki j dean uday shankar ke kary mean hai, jo moortikala ke adhyayan ke lie ianglaiand ge aur radha tatha krishna nrity-natika ke sathi kalakar ke roop mean roos ki baile kalakar anna pavlova dvara chune ge. poore utsah se bhare yuva uday shankar bharat laute. shastriy nrity ki char pramukh shailiyoan ke avashyak tatvoan ka adhyayan karane ke bad unhoanne jatil nrityakala aur sangit tatha lak di aur dhatu ke manjiroan tatha paramparik vadyayantroan ki dhvani ke mishran se nee nrity-natikaean taiyar kian. unhoanne shastriy aur lok tal ka tatha pashchimi manch ki takanikoan ka upayog kiya. unhoanne apani nrity-natikaean aisi kushalata tatha susanskrit dhang se prastut kian, jinase bharatiy darshak pahale anabhijn the. in nrity-natikaoan mean shiv-parvati aur lanka-dahan shamil the. jinase unhoanne lanka ke lak di ke mukhautoan ka prayog kiya. ridm aph laiph (1938) aur lebar eand mashinari (1939) mean unhoanne samakalin rajanitik, samajik vishay chune.

unhoanne 1939 mean almo da man saanskritik kendr ki sthapana ki. jahaan char varsh mean unhoanne adhunik nartakoan ki nee pidhi taiyar ki. uday shankar ke kanishth sathi shanti barddhan ne adhunik yug ki sarvadhik kalpanashil nrity-natikaean taiyar kian. banbee (vartaman muanbee) mean 1952 mean lits baile ki tarah troop ki sthapana karane ke bad unhoanne ramayan ko prastut kiya. jisamean kalakar kathaputaliyoan ki tarah nachate aur chalate the. unake maranoanparant unaki nrity-natika panchatantr char mitroan (chooha, kachhua, hiran aur kaua) ki kahani par adharit hai aur isamean pashuoan aur pakshiyoan ke mukhautoan aur bhav-bhangimaoan ka istemal kiya gaya hai. uday shankar ke donoan shishyoan, narendr sharma aur sachin shankar ne apane guru ki parampara jari rakhi hai. adhunik bharatiy nrity ko akar dene vale any mahattvapoorn vyaktiyoan mean menaka, ram gopal aur mrinalini sarabhaee haian. jinhoanne bharatanatyam aur kathakali shailiyoan ke madhyam se adhunik vishayoan ko vyakt karane ka prayog kiya hai.

nrity prashikshan kendr

chhoti akadamiyoan aur sthaniy kala-kendroan mean nrity prashikshan samooche samakalin bharat mean diya jata hai. guru ab bhi shishyoan ko vishisht prashikshan dete haian. ye shishy gaanvoan mean guru ke sath rahakar kee varsh tak prashikshan prapt karate haian. vishvavidyalay pathyakram mean nrity n keval svikrit vishay hai, apitu 20vian shatabdi mean sthapit sarakari ya sarvajanik-vittaposhit prashikshan kendroan mean bhi vishv bhar k chhatr sikhane ate haian. inamean se pramukh haian—kerala kalamandalam (keral kala sansthan), nikat shoranoor, kala kshetr, adyar, tamilanadu, kathak kendr, bharatiy kala kendr ki nrity shakha aur triveni kala sangam (sangit, nrity aur chitrakala ka kendr) nee dilli, darpan akadami, ahamadabad, gujarat, vishvabharati (ravindranath taigor ke dvara sthapit) shanti niketan, pashchim bangal aur javaharalal neharoo manipur nrity akadami ianmphal.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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