पोस्टकार्ड
sanchar madhyamoan aur praudyogikiyoan mean visphotak vriddhi ke is yug mean bhi apane jane-chahe logoan tak sandesh pahuanchane ka sabase sasta tarika postakard hi hai. mahatma gaandhi postakard ke achchhe khase prashansak evan upayogakarta the. unhoanne apane saiank doan patr postakardoan par likhe. postakard ke is vishv-vikhyat upayogakarta ko sammanit karane ke lie dak vibhag ne 1951 aur 1969 mean vishesh gaandhi postakard jari kie. dak ka mahatv prachin kal se hi raha hai. us samay ek raja doosare rajy ke raja tak apana sandesh ek vishesh vyakti jise doot kaha jata tha, ke madhyam se bhejate the. un dootoan ko rajy ki or se suraksha tatha samman pradan kiya jata tha.
pauranik ullekh
mahakavy ramayan tatha mahabharat mean kee prasangoan mean sandesh bheje jane ka ullekh prapt hota hai. raja janak ne apani putri sita aur ram ke vivah hone ka sandesh ram ke pita dasharath ko bhijavaya tha. ravan ki rajasabha mean shriram ka sandesh lekar aangad ka jana, is bat ka praman hai.. mahabharat mean shrikrishna ka kauravoan ke lie paanch gaanv maangane jana tatha anek rajyoan mean paandavoan tatha kauravॊan ke paksh mean, yuddh mean bhag lene ke lie sandesh pahuanchana, jaisi koee dak vyavastha us samay kam kar rahi hogi.
any prasangoan mean raja nal dvara damayanti ke bich sandeshoan ka adan-pradan hans dvara hone ka varnan ata hai. mahakavi kalidas ke meghadoot mean daksh apani premika ke pas meghoan ke madhyam se sandesh pahuanchate the. ek premi rajakumar apani premika ko kabootaroan dvara patr pahuanchate the. khudaee ke dauran kuchh aisi mahatvapoorn janakariyaan mili haian ki misr, yoonan evan chin mean dak vyavastha thi. sikandar mahan ne bharat se yoonan tak sanchar vyavastha banaee thi, jisase usaka sanpark yoonan tak rahata tha. anek raja-maharaja ek sthan se doosare sthan tak sandesh pahuanchane ke lie drutagati se daudane vale ghodॊan ka prayog kiya karate the.
yah sab kalantar ki batean to hai hi, sath hi rochak bhi hai. isaka prayog keval uchch varg tak hi simit tha. sadharan jan isase kosoan door tha. bad me kee prayas kie ge aur dak vyavastha mean nirantar sudhar ata gaya aur aj yah vyavastha am ho gee hai.[1]
avishkar
postakard ka avishkar astriya mean 1869 ko hua tha. vah itana lokapriy sabit hua ki ek mahine mean hi 15 lakh postakard bik ge. any deshoan ne bhi use apanane mean deri nahian ki. briten ne 1872 mean postakard jari kiya. sat hi varshoan mean, yani 1879 ko, bharat mean postakard jari kar diya gaya. yahaan pahale postakard ki kimat tin paise thi. pratham nau mahine mean hi bharat mean 7.5 lakh rupe ke postakard bik ge.[2]
pahala bharatiy postakard
1 aktoobar san 1854 ko pahala bharatiy dak tikit jari kiya gaya tha. us samay tak postakard ki kalpana bhi nahian ki gee thi. san 1869 mean astriya ke daktar imanuel haraman ne patrachar ke ek saste sadhan ke rup mean postakard ki kalpana ki thi. bharat mean pahali bar 1 julaee 1879 ko postakard jari kie gaye. jisaki dizain aur chhapaee ka kary mesars thamas di.la.rayoo. end kanpani landan ne kiya tha. usake do mooly varg the- ek paisa( us samay ek ane mean char paise hua karate the) muly ka kard antaradeshiy prayog ke lie tha aur dedh-ana vala kard ,un deshoan ke lie tha jo “aantararashtriy dak sangh” se sanbaddh the.
svaroop
postakard ek mote kagaj ya patale gatte se bana ek ayatakar tuk da hota hai jise sandesh likhane ke lie prayog kiya jata hai, sath hi ise bina kisi liphaphe mean band kiye, dak dvara bheja bhi ja sakata hai. adhikatar deshoan mean isaka shulk ek liphaphe ke (jis par dak tikat chipakaee gayi ho) dvara bheje gaye ek patr ki tulana mean kam hota hai. pahale postakard madhyam halake bhoore se rang mean chhape the. ek paise vale kard par “ eest indiya postakard” chhapa tha. bich mean gret briten ka raj chinh mudrit tha aur oopar ki taraf daean kone me lal-bhoore rang mean chhapi taj pahane samrajni viktoriya” ki mukhakriti thi. videshi postakard mean oopar aangreji aur freanch bhashaoan mean” yoonivarsal postal yooniyan” aankit tha. isake niche do panktiyoan mean aangreji mean kramashah “british indiya” aur” postakard” aur isaka freanch rupantar tatha in donoan ke bich mean briten ka rajachinh mudrit tha evan oopar dahine kone par tikit hota tha. tikit aur lekh nile rang mean the. donoan hi prakar ke kardॊ mean aangreji mean” di edres onali tu bi riten dis saeed” chhapa tha. postakard mean kee parivartan hue. 1899 mean “eest” shabd hata diya gaya aur usake sthan par “ indiya post kard” mudrit hone laga.[3]
pahale postakard ke keval ek or sandesh likhane ki anumati thi. doosari or keval pata likha ja sakata tha. san 1902 mean briten ne sarvapratham is asuvidhajanak niyam ko khatm kiya.[4]
vishesh post kard
dilli ke samrat jarj pancham ke rajyabhishॆk ki smriti mean san 1911 mean kendriy aur prantiy sarakaroan ne sarakari prayog ke lie vishesh postakard jari kie the. in par “ postakard” shabd mudrit tha,parantu tikit ka koee chinh aankit nahian tha. in par “taj” aur “ ji.ar.aee” monogram sunahare rang mean aur dilli tatha vibhinn praantoan ke bich ke pratik-chinh ,bhinn-bhinn rangoan se imbasiang paddhati se mudrit the.
svatantrata ke bad chatakile hare rang mean “trimoorti” ki nayi dijain ke tikit vala pratham postakard 7 disambar 1949 ko jari kiya gaya tha. san 1950 mean kam dak dar( 6 paee) ke sthaniy़ postakard jari kie ge, jin par konark ke ghodॆ ki pratima par adharit tikit ki dijain chakalet rang mean chhapi thi. 2 aktoobar 1951 ko tin chitr postkardॊan ki ek shrrriankhala jari ki gee,jisamean ek par bachche ko lie hue gaandhiji, doosare par charkha chalate hue gaandhiji aur tisare par kastooraba gaandhi ke sath gaandhiji ka chitr aankan tha. 2 aktoobar 1969 ko gaandhi shatabdi ke upalaksh mean tin postakardॊan ki doosari shrriankhala nikali gee, jisamean gaandhiji aur gaandhiji ki mukhakriti aankit thi.
chitrit postakard
chitrit postakard (pikchar postakard) 1889 mean prachalan mean ae. yahi vah sal tha jab peris mean eephil tavar ka udghatan hua tha. is avasar par phraansisi sarakar ne khas tarah ke postakard jari kie jinake ek or eephil tavar ka chitr aankit tha. eephil tavar dekhane ae sailani in postakardoan ko eephil tavar ke uchchatam manjil mean banae ge ek dakaghar mean apane mitroan aur parichitoan ko post kar sakate the. isake bad duniya bhar ke anek deshoan ne bhi chitrit postakard jari kie.[5]
lokapriyata
jabase postakardॊan ka prachalan hua hai, tabhi se janata ke patr-vyavahar ka madhyam ye postkard rahe haian. hamare desh ke gramin kshetroan mean aj bhi ye kafi lokapriy hai. is samay prativarsh araboan ki sankhya mean postakard desh ke ek chhor se doosare chhor tak, deshavasiyoan ko bhatritv ke bandhan mean baandhane ka kary karate haian.
lagat
yadyapi postakard sandesh bhejane ka sabase sasta madhyam hai, lekin sarakar ke lie vah ek mahanga sauda hai. pratyek postakard par, jo aj 25 paise ko bikata hai, sarakar ko 55 paise ki lagat ati hai. is ghate ki poorti ke lie sarakar ne postakard ke anek rochak upayog khoj nikale haian. 21 julaee 1975 mean jari kie ge postakardoan mean sarakar ne ek sandesh apani or se hiandi mean chhapa. vah is prakar tha, "apani phasal ko choohoan aur ki doan se bachaean". isake bad anake prakar ke sarakari sandesh anek bhashaoan mean postakardoan par chhape ge.[6]
sangrah
dak tikatoan ke saman log postakardoan ka bhi sangrah karate haian. is h aaubi ko aangreji mean deltiyolaji kaha jata hai. isamean kaphi paisa bhi kamaya jata hai. san 1984 mean amarika ke ilinos shahar ki soosan braun nikolas namak mahila ne ek durlabh postakard becha. duniya mean is prakar ke keval paanch postakard astitv mean the. soosan ko us postakard ke badale 1.75 lakh rupe mile.[7]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.
- ↑ kahani postakard ki (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 24 disambar, 2013.