प्राकृत
prakrit bhasha bharatiy aryabhasha ka ek prachin roop hai. isake prayog ka samay 500 ee.poo. se 1000 ee. sanh tak mana jata hai. dharmik karanoan se jab sanskrit ka mahattv kam hone laga to prakrit bhasha adhik vyavahar mean ane lagi. isake char roop visheshat: ullekhaniy haian.
ardhamagadhi prakrit
isamean jain aur bauddh sahity adhik hai. isaka mukhy kshetr magadh tha. is sambandh mean prophesar mahavir saran jain ki manyata bhinn hai. prophesar jain ne magadhi prakrit evan ardh-magadhi mean antar kiya hai. unake matanusar magadhi magadh ki bhasha thi. isaka prayog natakoan mean nimn shreni ke patroan ke sambhashanoan ke lie kiya gaya hai. maharashtri aur shauraseni ki tulana mean magadhi ka prayog bahut kam hua hai. magadhi mean ‘-rh’ ka abhav hai. ‘rh’ ka ‘lh’ ho jata hai. purushah > pulishe / samar > shamal. magadhi mean ‘sh’, ‘shh’ ke sthan par ‘shh’ ka prayog hota hai. udaharan - sapt > shatt. magadhi mean ‘jh’ ke sthan par ‘yh’ ka prayog hota hai. janati > yanadi / janapade > yanapade. magadhi mean dyh , rjh , ryh ke sthan par ‘yyh’ ka prayog hota hai. ady > ayy/ arjun > ayyun / ary > ayy / kary > kayy tatha karta karak ekavachan mean prayah ‘ aah ’ ke badale ‘ e ’ paya jata hai. sah > she.
arddh magadhi
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
arddh-magadhi ki sthiti magadhi aur shauraseni prakritoan ke bich hai. isalie usamean donoan ki visheshataean payi jati haian. arddh-magadhi ka mahatv jain sahity ke karan adhik hai. ardh-magadhi mean ‘rh’ evan ‘lh’ donoan ka prayog hota hai. isamean danty ka moordhany ho jata hai - sthit > thip. ardh-magadhi mean shh, shh, sh mean keval sh ka prayog hota hai tatha anek sthanoan par sparsh vyanjanoan ka lop hone par ‘y’ shruti ka agam ho jata hai. sagar > sayar / krit > kayan . is niyam ka apavad hai ki ‘gh’ vyanjan ka samanyatah lop nahian hota. ardh-magadhi mean karta karak ek vachan ke roopoan ki siddhi magadhi ke saman ekarant tatha shauraseni ke saman okarant donoan prakar se hoti hai.
paishachi prakrit
isaka kshetr desh ka pashchimottar bhag tha aur vidvanh kashmiri adi bhasha ko isaki uttaradhikari bhasha manate haian.
maharashtri prakrit
yah vyapak roop se prachalit thi aur maharashtr mean phaili hone ke karan is nam se pahichani jati thi.
shauraseni prakrit
isaka kshetr mathura aur madhy pradesh ka aanchal tha. is bhasha mean anek granth rache ge jinamean jain dharmagranthoan ki sankhya adhik haian sanskrit ke prachin natakoan mean bhi stri patroan aur janasamany ke sanvadoan ke lie prakrit bhasha ka hi prayog hua hai. madhyadeshi bhasha hi bad mean shauraseni prakrit ka kshetr bani. prachin 'shoorasen' janapad ke nam par isaka namakaran kiya gaya. mathura isaka kendr tha. isi kshetr mean shauraseni ka kalantar mean vikas arvachin lokavyapi brajabhasha ke roop mean hua. shauraseni n keval apane kshetr ki vyapak bhasha thi, varanh any prakritoan ke bhasha-kshetroan ko bhi isane yathesht roop mean prabhavit kiya tatha kee uttar aur pashchimottar bhashaoan ke udbhav mean sahayata ki. is kshetr mean adhik rajanitik uthal-puthal hone ke karan isaka sahity upalabdh nahian hota. keval sanskrit natakoan tatha jain dharm ke granthoan mean yah surakshit milati hai. varuchi tatha hemachandr ne isaki visheshataoan ka vistrit parichay diya hai.
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tika-tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh