बादरायण

badarayan vedant ke nyay-prasthan ke pravartak granth brahmasootr ke rachayita the. jitane brahmasootr upalabdh haian, unaka rachayita ek hi vyakti tha aur ve badarayan the. vachaspatimishr ke samay se badarayan ko 'vyas' bhi kaha jane laga tha, kintu brahmasootrakar badarayan vedavyas ya mahabharat ke rachayita 'krishna dvaipayan' se bhinn vyakti the. bharatiy darshan mean brahmasootr ka mahattv anekavidh hai. sabase pahale usaka mahattv is bat mean hai ki usane upanishadoan ko ek darshan ka roop pradan kiya. vah vedant ka sansthapak ban gaya. brahmasootroan ka adhyayan karane se pata chalata hai ki badarayan pratyaksh, anuman, upaman tatha shabd ya shruti ko praman manate the.

brahmasootr ke rachayita

'brahmasootr' granth ki rachana badarayan dvara ki gee thi. is brahmasootr ko vedantasootr ya sharirik mimaansasootr bhi kaha jata hai. is samay jo brahmasootr upalabdh hai, usamean shankarachary ke anusar kul 555 sootr haian. any acharyoan ke anusar brahmasootroan ki sankhya isase bhinn hai, parantu chooanki brahmasootroan ke upalabdh bhashyoan mean sab se prachin shankarachary ka 'sharirikabhashy' hi hai, at: brahmasootroan ke path tatha sankhya ke vishay mean vah any bhashyoan se adhik pramanik hai. adhunik yug mean d aauktar shri krishnapad belavalakar ne dikhalaya hai ki brahmasootroan ka lekhak ek vyakti nahian tha. kintu vedant darshanoan ki paramparaean unake mat ka khandan karati haian. jitane brahmasootr upalabdh haian, unaka rachayita ek hi vyakti tha aur ve badarayan the.

samay kal

badarayan ka samay nishchit karane ke lie nimnalikhit tathyoan ka upayog kiya jata hai-

1. badarayan ne apane brahmasootr mean jaimini, badari, kashakritsn, karshnajini, audulomi, ashmarathy tatha atrey ka ullekh kiya hai. ye sabhi brahmasootroan ke rachayita the. kintu inake brahmasootr ab anupalabdh haian. inamean se kashakritsn ka ullekh patanjali ke mahabhashy mean bhi milata hai. ashvalayan tatha katyayan ke shrautasootroan mean tatha bodhayan aur bharadvaj ke grihyasootroan mean bhi inamean se kuchh acharyoan ke nam ullikhit haian.
2. jaimini ne mimaansasootr mean tatha shandily ne bhaktisootr mean badarayan ka namollekh kiya hai.
3. badarayan ne saankhyamat, mimaansamat, yogamat, vaisheshikamat, bauddhasarvastivad, bauddh vijnanavad ya shoonyavad, jainamat, pashupat mat tatha paancharatr mat ka khandan kiya hai. isase nishchit hai ki ve buddh ke paravarti haian. is adhar par d aauktar heraman yakobi ne unhean nagarjun ke bad ka mana hai. kintu vijnanavad ya shoonyavad ka udbhav nagarjun ke poorv bauddh granthoan mean bhi milata hai. at: badarayan nishchith roop se nagarjun se poorvavarti the. kintu unake poorv mahayan dharm ki utpatti ho gee thi, kyoanki unhoanne sarvastivad ko vijnanavad se bhinn karake rakha hai.
4. badarayan ke brahmasootr par upavarsh ne jo panini ke guru the tatha baudhayan ne jinaki parampara ka uddhar ramanuj ne kiya tha, vrittiyaan likhi thian, kintu ye vrittiyaan ab upalabdh nahian hai. unake kuchh aansh paravarti vedant aur mimaansa ke sahity mean upalabdh haian.
5. garu dapuran, padmapuran, manusmriti tatha harivanshapuran mean bhi vedantasootr ka ullekh tatha sandarbh hai.

vyas ki upadhi

in sab adharoan par badarayan ke brahmasootr ka rachana kal lagabhag 200 ee.poo. thaharata hai. vachaspatimishr ke samay se badarayan ko vyas kaha jane laga tha. kintu brahmasootrakar badarayan vedavyas ya mahabharat ke rachayita krishna dvaipayan se bhinn vyakti the. karan, shankarachary ne un donoan mean bhed kiya hai. vedantadeshik ne bhi yah mana hai ki sabase pahale vachaspatimishr ne hi badarayan aur vyas ka abhed kiya tha. vastav mean vyas ek upadhi hai. sanbhav hai, vachaspatimishr ne badarayan ko vyas ki upadhi pradan ki ho, kyoanki unake brahmasootr mean upanishadoan ke vakyoan ka ek darshanik vargikaran kiya gaya hai, arthath ved ke antim bhag upanishadoan ka vibhajanapoorvak vyakhyan kiya gaya hai. kuchh bhi ho, yah nirvivad hai ki brahmasootr ke rachayita vyas se bhinn haian. badarayan nam se spasht hai ki ve badar gotr mean utpann hue the. badar ke hi gotr mean badari bhi utpann hue the. at: kuchh log badari tatha badarayan ko abhinn samajhate haian. kintu svayan brahmasootr mean hi badarayan ne apana namollekh badari se bhinn karake kiya hai. at: ye donoan do vyakti haian. jo log badarayan aur vyas (parashary) ko abhinn karate haian, ve manate haian ki jahaan vyas rahate the, vahaan badar (ber) ke vriksh bahut the, is karan unhean badarayan kaha jata hai. kintu yah vyakhya uchit nahian hai, kyoanki brahmasootrakar parashary se bhinn the. phir vyaktivachak nam ka gunavachak arth nahian hota hai.

brahmasootr ka parichay

brahmasootr mean char adhyay haian, jinake nam haian-

1. samanvay
2. avirodh
3. sadhan
4. phal

samanvay adhyay mean upanishad ke vakyoan ka samanvay brahmavad mean kiya gaya hai. avirodh adhyay mean dikhaya gaya hai ki brahmavad ka virodh kisi bhi shastr ya shastravaky se nahian hai. sadhan adhyay mean brahmaprapti ke upay batae gaye haian aur phal adhyay mean brahmajnan ka phal arthath svarg aur moksh ka vivechan hai. pratyek adhyay mean char pad haian. is prakar brahmasootr mean solah pad haian. phir pratyek pad mean kee adhikaran haian. adhikaran ka tatpary ek vishesh samasya ya vishay ka vivechan hai. ye vastut: avantar prakaran haian. adhikaran ke paanch avayav hote haian- vishay, sanshay, poorvapaksh, uttarapaksh aur nirnay. adhikaran ke is svaroop se spasht hai ki brahmasootrakar apane vishay ka pratipadan karane ke anantar us par sanshay karate haian aur us sanshay ko utpann karane ke lie poorvapaksh prastut karate haian. ant mean ve uttarapaksh mean poorvapaksh ka khandan karate haian aur phir apane nirnay ko rakhate haian. spashtat: yah pranali vishuddh alochanatmak hai. isase siddh hai ki brahmasootr ki darshanik pranali tarkik hai. pratyek adhikaran ka vivechan ek ya anek sootroan mean kiya gaya hai. kuchh adhikaranoan ke vivechan ek hi sootr mean haian aur kuchhek ke vivechan ath-ath, nav-nav ya das-das sootroan mean haian. sootr atyant sankshipt prakarthan haian.

brahmasootr ka mahattv

bharatiy darshan mean brahmasootr ka mahattv anekavidh hai. sabase pahale usaka mahattv is bat mean hai ki usane upanishadoan ko ek darshan ka roop pradan kiya. vah vedant ka sansthapak ban gaya. usake mahattv ke hi anuroop use ab vedant ka nyay prasthan kaha jata hai. vah vedant ki prasthan-trayi mean anyatam hai. doosare, usaka mahattv is bat mean hai ki vah sarvashastriy brahmasootr siddh hua hai. kashakritsn adi ke brahmasootr ekashakhiy the, is karan ve badarayan ke samane tik n sake aur kuchh samay pashchath kal-kavalit ho gaye. tisare, usaka mahattv is bat mean hai ki usane bauddh dharm aur darshan ke akramanoan se vaidik darshan ki raksha ki. chauthe, usaka mahattv is bat mean hai ki vah hindoo dharm ka sarvamany aur sarv-pramanik granth ban gaya hai. yahi karan hai ki shankarachary (630 ee.), bhaskar (8vian shati), yadav prakash (11vian shati), shripati (14vian shati), vallabh (14vian shati), vijnanabhikshu (16vian shati) tatha baladev (18vian shati) ne brahmasootr par bhashy likhe.

11vian shati se atharahavian shati tak brahmasootr ka mahattv vaidik ya aupacharik darshan ki kasauti ke roop mean ho gaya. jo darshan is kasauti par khara utare vah vaidik darshan mana jane laga. is kasauti ka tatpary hai ki brahmasootr ke anusar hona hi kisi darshan ki pramanikata hai. unnisavian shati mean ramanand sampraday ke anusar bhi brahmasootr par bhashy likhe ge, jinamean anand bhashy, janaki bhashy tatha vaidik bhashy mukhy haian. vaidik bhashy ki visheshata yah hai ki isamean brahmasootr ko ved mantroan ka sanyojan ya samanvay karane vala siddh kiya gaya hai, n ki upanishad vakyoan ka. inake atirikt aryamuni (20vian shati), haraprasad (20vian shati), radhakrishnan (20 vian shati) adi ne bhi brahmasootr par bhashy likhe. brahmasootr ke rachana kal se lekar aj tak lagabhag pratyek shatabdi mean is par vritti ya bhashy likhe jate rahe aur in granthoan se hindoo dharm ka sanvardhan hota raha. yadyapi in bhashyoan se brahmasootr ka mahattv badh gaya hai, tathapi ek samasya bhi kh di ho gayi hai. akhirakar badarayan ka apana darshan kya tha? in bhashyoan mean se kisako praman mana jae.

badarayan ka darshan

is samay badarayan ke brahmasootr par advaitamat, vaishnavamat, shaivamat, shaktamat, tatha ary samaj mat ke bhashy upalabdh haian. shaktamat tatha ary samaj ke bhasharoo to atyant arvachin haian aur spashtat: badarayan ke mat nahian haian. inaki rachana keval yah dikhalane ke lie ki gee ki shaktamat tatha ary samaj ke mat poornataya vaidik hai aur brahmasootr ki vyakhya se bhi siddh hote haian. yahi bat shaivamat ke bhashyoan ke bare mean bhi nishchayapoorvak kahi ja sakati hai. kintu kya yahi bat vaishnavamat ke bhashyoan ke bare mean bhi kahi ja sakati hai. advait vedantiyoan ka kahana hai ki vaishnavamat ke bhashy badarayan ke mat ke anusar nahian haian, kyoanki badarayan brahmavadi the, n ki eeshvaravadi. kuchh bhi ho, vaishnavamat ne vishishtadvait, shuddhadvaitavad, dvaitavad ya bhedabhedavad aur achity bhedabhedavad ke darshanoan ka vikas kiya hai aur in sabako badarayan ke matthe madh diya hai. kintu inake bhashyoan mean pray: shankarachary ke bhashy ke khandan ki pravritti hi adhik dikh p dati hai (nimbark ke bhashy ko chho dakar). yadav prakash ka bhashy aur shukabhashy anupalabdh hai. bhaskar ka bhashy bhi bhedabhedavadi hai. at: brahmasootr ke sabhi bhashyoan ki aitihasik tatha darshanik pariksha karane se yahi siddh hota hai ki badarayan ka darshan advaitavad, bhedabhedavad aur vishishtadvaitavad mean se hi koee ek hai. par in tinoan mean bhi itana antar hai ki badarayan ke darshan ka pata nahian sakata.

pratham paanch sootr

punashch, yadi prachinata, tarkikata tatha upanishadanukoolata ki kasauti mana jae to shankarachary ka bhashy hi badarayan ke abhimatoan ke sarvadhik nikat hai. unaka darshan upanishadoan ke 'ekamevadvitiy' sath ya brahm ka hi pratipadan karata hai. shankarachary ke is kathan ko sabhi bhashyakar manate haian ki brahmasootroan ka mukhy prayojan upanishad ke vakyoan ko sangrathit karana hai. at: badarayan advaitavadi the. unake pratham paanch sootr unake darshan ka sar prastut karate haian. ye nimnalikhit haian-

1. athato brahmajijnasa- ab, is prakar brahmajijnasa karana hai.
2. janmadyasy yat:- brahm vah hai, jisase is jagath ka janm hota hai, jisamean isaki sthiti hoti hai tatha jisamean isaka lay hota hai.
3. shastrayonitvath- brahm ka jnan shastr se hota hai.
4. tattu samanvayath- vah brahmajnan shastr ke samanvay se hota hai. shastr ka samanvay dharm jnan mean nahian hai.
5. eekshatenashibdamh- brahm chetan hai. at: vedabahy praman arthath pratyaksh tatha anuman se jagath ke adi karan ki jo mimaansa ki jati hai, vah saty nahian hai.

isamean se pratham char sootroan ko chatu:sootri kaha jata hai. pray: inamean hi paanchavean sootr ka bhi abhipray a jata hai. isalie chatu:sootri ko hi badarayan ka mukhy mantavy mana jata hai.

darshanik pranali

brahmasootroan ka adhyayan karane se pata chalata hai ki badarayan pratyaksh, anuman, upaman tatha shabd ya shruti ko praman manate the. kintu ve shruti virodhi pratyaksh, anuman aur upaman ko galat samajhate the. at: ve mukhyat: shrutivadi ya vedavadi the. unake anusar shruti anugrihit tark hi mukhy praman haian, jisake dvara brahm ki jijnasa ki jani chahie. darshan ka svaroop mimaansa hai. shrutiyoan ki tark sangat mimaansa karana hi darshan hai. is mimaansa se siddh hota hai ki darshan brahmavidya hai, kyoanki shrutiyoan ki mimaansa ka samanvay usi mean hai. pahale guru se brahm ka shravan karana hai, phir us shravan par manan karana hai. manan se brahmavidya ka nishchay ho jata hai aur any darshanoan ka khandan ho jata hai. ant mean is manan par nididhyasan karana hai. nididhyasan atmasakshatkararoop hota hai. usaka ant atm tyag mean hota hai. yahi atm tyag brahm prapti hai. atma hi brahm hai. jo brahm ko janata hai, vah brahm hi ho jata hai.

vedant darshan ki sthapana

badarayan ki is pranali mean tark ka mahattv itana adhik hai ki unaka brahmasootr mukhyat: ek khandan vala granth pratit hota hai. oopar chauthe sootr mean poorv mimaansa shastr ka khandan hai aur paanchavean sootr mean saankhy shastr ka khandan hai. lagata hai badarayan ke samay mean hindoo dharm ke andar inhian donoan darshanoan ka adhik prachar tha. is karan inaka khandan karake badarayan ne vedant darshan ki sthapana ki. punashch, brahmasootr ke dvitiy adhyay mean, visheshat: pratham do pakshoan mean, to khandan hi mukhy haian. dvitiy adhyay ka prathamapad smritipad kaha jata hai aur dvitiy adhyay ka dvitiyapad tarkapad. smritipad mean vedant virodhi smritiyoan ka khandan hai aur tarkavad mean vedant virodhi darshanoan ka. in darshanoan mean saankhy, vaisheshik, jainamat, bauddh sarvastivad, bauddh vijnanavad, pashupat aur paancharatr haian. is prakar paramat nirakaran ke dvara svamat sthapan ki pravritti badarayan mean vishesh roop se dekhi jati hai. 'tu', 'n', 'cheth' adi shabdoan ke dvara badarayan pakshapati the, n ki roodhivadi darshan ke. unaka vedant poorn alochanatmak darshan hai. yajnavalky aur kashakritsn ke pashchath ve hi sabase adhik mahattvapoorn vedanti hue haian.

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