भारत

40px	panna banane ki prakriya mean hai. ap isako taiyar karane mean sahayata kar sakate haian.

bharat

bharat vishh‍v ka satavaan sabase vishal desh hai aur vishh‍v ki sabase purani sabhyataoan mean se ek hai jo bahurangi vividhata aur samriddh saansh‍kritik virasat se otaprot hai. azadi ke bad 62 varshoan mean bharat ne samajik aur arthik pragati ki hai. bharat krishi mean ath‍manirbhar desh hai aur audyogikaran mean bhi vishv ke deshoan mean bhi isaki ginati ki jati hai. yah un deshoan mean se ek hai, jo chaand par pahuanch chuke haian. bharat ka kul kshetraphal 32,87,263 varg ki.mi. hai, jo himachh‍chhadit himalay ki bulandiyoan se dakshin ke vishuvatiy varsha vanoan tak vistrit hai. vishh‍v ka satavaan b da desh hone ke karan bharat eshiya mahadvip mean alag dikhayi deta hai. isaki sarahadean himalay parvat aur samudroan ne baandhi hai, jo ise ek vishishh‍t bhaugolik pahachan dete haian. uttar mean brihath himalay ki parvat shrriankhala se ghira yah desh kark rekha se age sankara hota chala jata hai. poorv mean bangal ki kha di, pashchim mean arab sagar tatha dakshin mean hinh‍d mahasagar isaki simaoan ka nirdharan karate haian.

uttari golardh mean sthit bharat ki bhoomi 8 digri 4 minat aur 37 digri 6 minat uttari akshaansh aur 68 digri 7 minat tatha 97 digri 25 minat poorvi deshanh‍tar ke bich mean sthit hai . uttar se dakshin tak isaki adhikatam lanbaee 3,214 ki.mi. aur poorv se pashchim tak adhikatam chau daee 2,933 ki.mi. hai. isaki thal simaoan ki lanbaee lagabhag 15,200 ki.mi. aur tatarekha ki kul lamh‍baee 7,516.6 ki.mi hai. yah uth‍tar mean himalay parvat, poorv mean bangal ki kha di, pashchim mean arab sagar tatha dakshin mean hiand mahasagar se ghira hua hai.

visheshataean

• desh ka nam 'ripablik aauph iandiya / bharat ganarajh‍y hai.
• desh mean sansadiy sarakar paddhati ke sath samajik prajataantrik ganarajh‍y hai.
• desh ki rajadhani nee dilh‍li hai.
• prashasanik vyavastha ke lie 28 rajh‍y aur 7 keandrashasit rajh‍y haian.
• 15 agash‍t 1947 ko british upaniveshiy shasan se svatantrata mili thi.
• bharat ka sanvidhan 26 janavari, 1950 ko lagoo kiya gaya tha.
• bharat ka sanvidhan desh ki nh‍yay pranali dvara poshit hai.
• bharat ka rashh‍trapati desh ka pradhan hota hai, pradhanantri sarakar pramukh hota hai aur vah mantriparishad ki madad se shasan-prabandh karata hai, jo mantrimandal aur mantralay ka gathan karate haian.
• bharatiy vi‍dhayika mean lok sabha (haus aauph d pipal) aur rajh‍yasabha (rajh‍y parishad) sansad ke donoan sadanoan ka gathan karate haian.
• bharat ka sarvochh‍ch nh‍yayalay bharatiy qanoon vh‍yavash‍tha ka shirsh nikay hai isake bad anh‍y uchh‍ch nh‍yayalay aur adhinasth nh‍yayalay ate haian.
• rashh‍triy jhanh‍da ayatakar tiranga hai, jisamean kesariya oopar hai, bich mean saphed, aur barabar bhag mean niche gahara hara rang hai. saphed patti ke kenh‍dr mean gahara nile rang ka chakr hai jo saranath ke ashok chakr ko darshata hai.
• rashh‍triy divas 26 janavari (ganatantr divas),15 agash‍t (sh‍vatantrata divas), 2 akh‍toobar (gaandhi jayanti, mahath‍ma gaandhi ka janh‍m divas) dhoomadham se manaya jata hai.
• sh‍thayi manak samay ji em ti + 05:30 hai.
• desh ka kul 'kshetraphal 3.3 miliyan varg kilomitar hai.
• desh ka teliphon kod +91 hai.
• desh ki sima ke uttar pashchim mean afaganish‍tan aur pakish‍tan, bhootan aur nepal uttar mean mh‍yaanmar poorab mean aur pashchim bangal ke poorab mean bangaladesh hai.
• shri lanka bharat se samudr dvara sankirn nahar se alag kiya jata hai jo palh‍k sh‍tret aur manar ki kha di dvara nirmit hai.
• samudratat 7,516.6 kilomitar jisamean mukhh‍y bhoomi, lakshadvip, aur anh‍daman aur nikobar dvipasamooh shamil haian.
• bharat ki jalavayu ko mukhyat: ushh‍nakatibandhiy manasoon ke roop mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai. paranh‍tu bharat ka adhikaansh uttari bhag ushh‍nakatibandhiy kshetr ke bahar hone ke bavajood samagr desh mean ushh‍nakatibandhiy jalavayu hai jisamean apekshakrit uchh‍ch tapaman aur sookhi sardi p dati hai. mausam char hai-

1. sardi (disamh‍bar se pharavari mah tak)
2. garmi (march se joon mah tak)
3. dakshin pashchim manasoon ka mausam (joon se sitamh‍bar mah tak)
4. manasoon pashh‍chat mausam (akh‍toobar se navamh‍bar mah tak)

• prakritik apadaean manasooni badh, bhookamh‍p, sookha, jamin khisakana adi ate rahate haian.
• bharat ki janasankhh‍ya 1 march, 2001 ki ganana ke anusar janasankhh‍ya 1,028 miliyan (531.1 miliyan purush aur 496.4 miliyan mahila) ki hai.
• rashh‍triyata bharatiy kahi jati hai.
• dharm varsh 2001 ki janaganana ke anusar kul janasankhh‍ya mean se 80.5 pratishat ke sath hinh‍doo pahale sthan par, doosare sh‍than par 13.4 pratishat ki janasankhh‍ya vale muslim, isake bad eesaee, sikh, bauddh, jain aur anh‍y ate haian.
• bharat ke sanvidhan dvara 22 rashh‍triy bhashaoan ko manh‍yata prapt hai, jinamean 'hinh‍di' sangh ki rajabhasha hai. inake atirikh‍t 844 alag alag boliyaan hai jo desh ke vibhinh‍n bhagoan mean prachalit haian.
• paanch mukhh‍y prakar ki jatiyaan, aaush‍treliyad, moangol aauyad, yoorop aauyad, kokosin aur nigroid ko bharat ki janata ke bich pratinidhith‍v milata hai.
• desh mean liang anupat hamesha se striyoan ke anukool nahian raha. bisavian sadi ki shuruat mean yah 972 tha aur 1941 tak isamean niranh‍tar giravat dekhi gee.

prakritik sansadhan

koyala, lauh ayash‍k, maiganij ayash‍k, maika, b aaukh‍sait, petroliyam, taitaniyam ayash‍k, kromait, prakritik gais, maiganesait, choona path‍thar, arabal lenh‍d, dolomait, maoolin, jiph‍sam, apadait, phosaphorait, sh‍titail, phlorait adi.

bhaugolik visheshataean

desh ka mukhh‍y bhoobhag char kshetroan mean vibhajit hai-

• mahaparvat himalay ka kshetr,
• ganga aur siandhu nadi ke maidani kshetr
• maroosh‍thali kshetr aur
• dakshini prayadvip.

himalay ki tin shrriankhalaean haian, jo lagabhag samanaantar haian. isake bich b de - b de pathar aur ghatiyaan haian, inamean kashh‍mir aur kulh‍loo jaisi kuchh ghatiyaan upajaoo aur prakritik sauandary se bharapoor haian. sansar ki sabase ooanchi chotiyoan mean se kuchh chotiyaan inh‍hian parvat shrriankhalaoan mean haian. bahut adhik ooanchaee hone ke karan avagaman keval kuchh hi darroan se hota hai, jinamean mukhh‍y haian -

• chuanbi ghati se hote hue mukhh‍y bharat-tibh‍bat vh‍yapar marg par jelap la aur nathoo-la darre,
• uttar-poorv darjiliang tatha kalh‍pana (kinh‍naur) ke uttar - poorv mean sataluj ghati mean shipaki la darra.
• parvatiy divar lagabhag 2,400 ki.mi. ki doori tak phaili hai jo 240 ki.mi. se 320 ki.mi. tak chau di hai. poorv mean bharat tatha mh‍yaanmar aur bharat evan bangaladesh ke bich mean paha di shrriankhalaoan ki ooanchaee bahut kam hai.

marush‍thali kshetr ko do bhagoan mean baanta ja sakata hai-

1. b da marush‍thal jo kachh‍chh ke ran ki sima se luni nadi ke uttari or age tak phaila hai. rajash‍than aur siandh ki poori sima isi se hokar gujarati hai.
2. chhota marush‍thal luni se jaisalamer aur jodhapur ke bich uttari bhoobhag tak phaila hua hai.

b de aur chhote marush‍thal ke madhy yah kshetr bilh‍kul hi banjar hai jisamean choone ke path‍thar ki parvat mala dvara prithak kiya hua patharila bhoobhag hai.