मतिराम
matiram riti kal ke mukhy kaviyoan mean se ek the. ve chiantamani tatha bhooshan ke bhaee paranpara se prasiddh the. matiram ki rachana ki sabase b di visheshata hai, usaki saralata aur atyant svabhavikata. usamean na to bhavoan ki kritrimata hai aur na hi bhasha ki. bhasha shabdadanbar se sarvatha mukt hai. bhasha ke hi saman matiram ke bhav na to kritrim haian aur na hi vyanjak vyapar aur cheshtaean haian. nayika ke virah tap ko lekar bihari ke saman atishayoktipoorn varnan inhoanne nahian kiya hai.
parichay
matiram ka janm tikavaanpur, zila kanapur mean sanvat 1674 ke lagabhag hua tha. ye bahut dinoan tak jivit rahe aur lamba jivan vyatit kiya. matiram booandi ke maharav bhavasianh ke yahaan bahut samay tak rahe aur unhian ke ashray mean apana 'lalit lalam' namak alankar ka granth sanvat 1716 aur 1745 ke bich kisi samay banaya.
matiram satasee
inaka 'chhandasar' namak piangal granth maharaj shanbhunath solanki ko samarpit hai. inaka param manohar granth 'rasaraj' kisi ko samarpit nahian hai. inake atirikt inake do granth aur haian, 'sahityasar' aur 'lakshan shrriangar'. bihari satasee ke dhang par inhoanne ek 'matiram satasee' bhi banaee, jo hindi pustakoan ki khoj mean mili hai. isake dohe sarasata mean bihari ke dohoan ke saman hi haian.
rachanaoan ki visheshata
matiram ki rachana ki sabase b di visheshata hai, usaki saralata aur atyant svabhavikata. usamean na to bhavoan ki kritrimata hai aur na hi bhasha ki. bhasha shabdadanbar se sarvatha mukt hai. keval anupras ke chamatkar ke lie ashakt shabdoan ka prayog kahian nahian hai. jitane bhi shabd aur vaky haian, ve sab bhavavyanjana mean hi prayukt haian. riti granth ke kaviyoan mean is prakar ki svachchh, chalati aur svabhavik bhasha kam hi kaviyoan mean milati hai, par kahian kahian vah anupras ke jal mean jak di huee lagati hai. saraansh yah ki matiram ke jaisi rasasnigdh aur prasadapoorn bhasha ka anusaran kam hi milata hai.
bhavoan ki saralata
bhasha ke hi saman matiram ke bhav na to kritrim haian aur na hi vyanjak vyapar aur cheshtaean haian. nayika ke virah tap ko lekar bihari ke saman atishayoktipoorn varnan inhoanne nahian kiya hai. inaki bhavavyanjak shrriankhala sidhi aur saral hai, bihari ke saman nahian. shabd vaichitray ko ye vastavik kavy se prithakh vastu manate the, usi prakar vicharoan ki jhoothi soch ko bhi. inaka sachcha kavi hriday tha. matiram yadi samay ki pratha ke anusar riti ki bandhi likoan par chalane ke lie vivash n hote aur apani svabhavik prerana ke anusar chal pate, to aur bhi svabhavik aur sachchi bhavavibhooti dekhane ko milati, isamean koee sandeh nahian. bharatiy jivan se lie hue inake marmasparshi chitroan mean jo bhav bhare haian, ve saman roop se sabaki anubhooti ke aang haian.
granth
'rasaraj' aur 'lalit lalam' matiram ke ye do granth bahut prasiddh haian, kyoanki ras aur alankar ki shiksha mean inaka upayog hota aya hai. apane vishay ke ye anupam granth haian. udaharanoan ki ramaniyata se anayas rasoan aur alankaroan ka abhyas hota chalata hai. 'rasaraj' to ati uttam granth hai. 'lalit lalam' mean bhi alankaroan ke udaharan bahut saras aur spasht haian. isi sarasata aur spashtata ke karan ye donoan granth itane sarvapriy rahe haian. riti kal ke pratinidhi kaviyoan mean padmakar ko chho d aur kisi kavi mean matiram ki si bhasha aur saral vyanjana nahian milati. bihari ki prasiddhi ka karan vagvaidagdhy hai. doosare bihari ne keval dohe kahe haian, isase unamean vah 'nad sauandary' nahian a saka hai jo kavitt savaiye ki lay ke dvara sanghatit hota hai -
kuandan ko rang phiko lagai, jhalakai ati aangani charu goraee.
aauankhin mean alasani chitauni mean manju vilasan ki sarasaee
ko binu mol bikat nahian matiram lahe musakani mithaee.
jyoan jyoan niharie nere hvai nainani tyauan tyauan khari nikarai si nikaee
kyoan in aauankhin soan nihasank hvai mohan ko tan panip pijai.
neku nihare kalank lagai yahi gaanv base kahu kaise kai jijai
hot rahai man yoan matiram kahooan ban jay b do tap kijai.
hvai banamal hie lagie aru hvai murali adhararas pijai
keli kai rati aghane nahian din hi mean lala puni ghat lagaee.
pyas lagi, kou pani dai jaiyo, bhitar baithi kai bat sunaee
jethi pathaee gee dulahi hansi heri haraian matiram bulaee.
kanh ke bol pe kan n dinhian sugeh ki dehari pai dhari aee
dooo anand so aauangan maanjh birajai asadh ki saanjh suhaee.
pyari ke boojhat aur tiya ko achanak nam liyo rasikaee
aee unai muanh mean hansi, kohi tiya puni chap si bhauanh chadhaee.
aauankhin tean gire aauansun ke booand, suhas gayo u di hans ki naee
sooban ko meti dilli des dalibe ko chamoo,
subhat samooh nisi vaki umahati hai.
kahai matiram tahi rokibe ko sangar mean,
kahoo ke n himmat hie mean ulahati hai
satrusal nand ke pratap ki lapat sab,
garab ganim baragin ko dahati hai.
pati patasah ki, ijati umaravan ki,
rakhi raiya rav bhavasianh ki rahati hai
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