महाश्वेता देवी
mahashveta devi
| |
| janm | 14 janavari, 1926 |
| janm bhoomi | dhaka |
| mrityu | 28 julaee, 2016 |
| mrityu sthan | kolakata |
| abhibhavak | pita- manish ghatak, mata- dharitri devi |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | sahityakar, upanyasakar, nibandhakar |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'agnigarbh', 'jangal ke davedar', '1084 ki maan', 'maheshvar', 'gram baangla', 'jhaansi ki rani', 'matrichhavi' aur 'jak dan' adi. |
| bhasha | hindi, baangla |
| vidyalay | 'vishvabharati vishvavidyalay', shaantiniketan; kalakatta vishvavidyalay |
| shiksha | bi.e., em.e., aangrezi sahity mean mastar digri |
| puraskar-upadhi | 'megsese puraskar' (1977), 'sahity akadami puraskar' (1979), 'padmashri' (1986), 'jnanapith puraskar' (1996), 'padm vibhooshan' (2006) |
| prasiddhi | samajik karyakarta aur lekhika |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | mahashveta devi ki kritiyoan par kee filmoan ka nirman bhi hua, jaise- 1968 mean 'sangharsh', 1993 mean 'rudali', 1998 mean 'hajar chaurasi ki maan' tatha 2006 mean 'mati maee' adi. |
| adyatan | 12:30, 30 julaee, 2016 (IST) |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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mahashveta devi (aangrezi: Mahasweta Devi, janm- 14 janavari, 1926, dhaka; mrityu- 28 julaee, 2016, kolakata) bharat ki prasiddh samajik karyakarta aur lekhika thian. unhoanne baangla bhasha mean behad sanvedanashil tatha vaicharik lekhan ke madhyam se upanyas tatha kahaniyoan se sahity ko samriddhashali banaya. apane lekhan kary ke sath-sath mahashveta devi ne samaj seva mean bhi sadaiv sakriyata se bhag liya aur isamean poore man se lagi rahian. stri adhikaroan, dalitoan tatha adivasiyoan ke hitoan ke lie unhoanne joojhate hue vyavastha se sangharsh kiya tatha inake lie suvidha tatha nyay ka rasta banati rahian. 1996 mean unhean 'jnanapith puraskar' se sammanit kiya gaya tha. mahashveta ji ne kam umr mean hi lekhan kary shuroo kar diya tha aur vibhinn sahityik patrikaoan ke lie laghu kathaoan ka mahattvapoorn yogadan diya.
parichay
14 janavari, 1926 ko mahashveta devi ka janm avibhajit bharat ke dhaka mean jiandabahar len mean hua tha. unake janm ke samay maan dharitri devi mayake mean thian. maan ki umr tab 18 varsh aur pita manish ghatak ki 25 varsh thi. pita manish ghatak khyati prapt kavi aur sahityakar the. maan dharitri devi bhi sahity ki ganbhir adhyeta thian. ve samaj seva mean bhi sanlagn rahati thian. mahashveta ne jab bachapan mean saph-saph bolana shuroo kiya to unhean jo jis nam se pukarata, ve bhi usi nam se use pukaratian. pita unhean 'tutul' kahate the to ye bhi pita ko tutul hi kahatian. ajivan pita unake lie 'tutul' hi rahe.[1] bharat ke vibhajan ke samay kishor avastha mean hi unaka parivar pashchim bangal mean akar rahane laga tha. isake uparaant unhoanne 'vishvabharati vishvavidyalay', shaantiniketan se bi.e. aangrezi vishay ke sath kiya. phir 'kalakatta vishvavidyalay' se em.e. bhi aangrezi mean kiya. mahashveta devi ne aangrezi sahity mean mastar ki digri prapt ki thi. isake bad ek shikshak aur patrakar ke roop mean unhoanne apana jivan prarambh kiya. isake turant bad hi kalakatta vishvavidyalay mean aangrezi vyakhyata ke roop mean apane naukari prapt kar li. san 1984 mean unhoanne sevanivritti le li.
prarambhik shiksha tatha natakhat svabhav
bachapan se hi mahashveta matribhakt rahian. tho di b di hueean to dhaka ke 'ianden maantesari skool' mean bharti karaya gaya. char varsh ki umr mean hi baangla likhana-padhana sikh gee thian. pita ko naukari mil gee thi. kee bar badali huee. tabadale par unhean dhaka, manamanasianh, jalapaeegu di, dinajapur aur pharidapur jana p da. dhaka ke jiandabahar len mean mahashveta ka nanihal tha aur natoon bhoreanga mean pita ka gaanv. nanihal ana-jana laga rahata tha. durga pooja ki chhuttiyaan to nanihal mean hi katatian. bachapan mean mahashveta natakhat thian. itani ki ek bar nanihal mean rahate hue bhoreanga ki durga pooja dekhane gee thian. char bhaee-bahanoan ke sath. bhaee bahanoan ko lekar ve ek snan ghat se utarian. snan karane aur tairane ka maza kaphoor ho gaya, jab charoan bachche doobane se bache. us din saptami ki pooja thi. ghar aeean to khoob daant p di thi.
- shaantiniketan mean shiksha
1935 mean mahashveta ji ke pita ka tabadala medinipur hua to mahashveta ka vahaan ke mishan skool mean dakhila karaya gaya, lekin usake agale varsh hi medinipur se nata toot gaya; kyoanki unhean shaantiniketan bhejane ka phaisala kiya gaya. tab ve das varsh ki thian. shaantiniketan ke niyamanusar lal rang ke kinare vali sa di, bistar, lota, gilas vagairah kharida gaya. shaantiniketan mean mili nee jagah, suandar bhavan, laibreri adi mean mahashveta ko unmukt prakriti mili. nee saheliyaan milian. ashram ki dinacharya aisi thi ki sabhi chhatr subah se der rat tak vyast rahate. shiksha ka madhyam baangla hone ke bavajood aangrezi anivary thi.
shaantiniketan mean mahashveta ka jaldi hi man lag gaya. vahaan unhean shreshth shikshak mile. bakaul mahashveta, ‘achary hazariprasad dvivedi hiandi padhate the. sabhi ashramavasi unhean 'chhota pandit' ji kahate the. 1937 mean gurudev raviandranath thakur ne bhi baangla ki kaksha li thi. tab satavian kaksha ki chhatra mahashveta ke lie yah avismaraniy ghatana thi. gurudev ne path parichay se balaee padhaya tha. isake pahale 1936 mean bankim shatavarshiki samaroh mean raviandranath ka bhashan suna tha mahashveta ne.[1]
kalakatta agaman
mahashveta shaantiniketan mean tin sal hi rah sakian, kyoanki 1939 mean unhean kalakatta bula liya gaya. shaantiniketan jane par ve jitana roee thian, usase jyada usake chhootane par roee thian. 1939 mean shaantiniketan se lautane ke bad kalakatta ke 'belatala balika vidyalay' mean athavian kaksha mean mahashveta ka dakhila hua. usi sal unake kaka rritvik ghatak bhi ghar akar rahane lage. ve 1941 tak yahaan rahe. 1939 mean belatala skool mean mahashveta ki shikshika thian aparna sen. unake b de bhaee khegeandranath sen ‘rangamashal’ nikalate the. unhoanne ek din raviandranath ki pustak ‘chhelebela’ dete hue mahashveta se us par kuchh likhakar dene ko kaha. mahashveta ne likha aur vah ‘rangamashal’ mean chhapa bhi. yah mahashveta ki pahali rachana thi. skooli jivan mean hi mahashveta ne rajalakshmi aur dhiresh bhattachary ke sath milakar ek alpayu svahastalikhit patrika nikali – ‘chhannachha da.’
nani, dadi v maan ne mahashveta ko achchhe sahity padhane ke sanskar die. koee qitab padhane ke bad koee prasang dadi maan poochh bhi leti thian. bachapan mean dadi ki laibreri se hi lekar mahashveta ne ‘tam kakar kutir’ padha tha. ghar ka poora mahaul hi shiksha aur sanskritamay tha. isalie likhane-padhane ka ek niyamit abhyas chhutapan mean hi ho gaya. hem-bandhu-bankim-navin-rangalal ko unhoanne 12 varsh ki umr mean hi padh liya.
maan desh prem aur itihas ki pustakean padhane ko detian aur kahatian- "abhi in pustakoan ko padhana zaroori hai. bad mean apani ichchha se padhana." pita ki bhi b di samriddh laibreri thi. tab ke 'nobel puraskar' prapt kee lekhakoan ki rachanaean mahashveta ne pita ki laibreri se hi lekar padhi thian. 1939-1944 ke dauran mahashveta ke pita ne kalakatta mean sat bar ghar badale. 1942 mean ghar ke sare kamakaj karate hue mahashveta ne maitrik ki pariksha pas ki. us varsh (1942) 'bharat chho do aandolan' ne mahashveta ke kishor man ko bahut udvelit kiya. 1943 mean akal p da. tab 'mahila atmaraksha samiti' ke netritv mean unhoanne rahat aur seva karyoan mean badh-chadhakar hissa liya tha. akal ke bad mahashveta ne kamyunist parti ke mukhapatr ‘pipuls var’ aur ‘janayuddh’ ki bikri bhi ki thi, par parti ki sadasy ve kabhi nahian hueean.[1]
vyavasayik shuruat
kishoravay mean hi kandhe par a chuke parivarik dayitv ko nibhane ke prati bhi mahashveta sada sajag rahatian. maan ke jivan ke akhiri varshoan mean mahashveta ne purani silaee mashin chalakar kap doan ki silaee ki. 1944 mean mahashveta ne kalakatta ke 'ashutosh k aaulej' se iantaramidiet kiya. parivarik dayitv se kuchh mukti mili yani vah bhar chhoti bahan mitul ne sanbhala to mahashveta phir shaantiniketan geean k aaulej ki padhaee karane. vahaan ‘desh’ ke sanpadak sagaramay ghosh ate-jate the. unhoanne mahashveta se ‘desh’ mean likhane ko kaha. tab mahashveta bi.e. tritiy varsh mean thian. us dauran unaki tin kahaniyaan ‘desh’ mean chhapian. har kahani par das rupaye ka parishramik mila tha. tabhi unhean bodh hua ki likh-padhakar bhi gujara sanbhav hai. unhoanne shaantiniketan se 1946 mean aangrezi mean aaunars ke sath snatak kiya.
usake sal bhar bad 1947 mean prakhyat rangakarmi vijan bhattachary se unaka vivah hua. 1948 mean padamapukur ianstityooshan mean adhyapan kar mahashveta ne ghar ka kharcha chalaya. usi varsh putr navarun bhattachary ka janm hua. 1949 mean mahashveta ko keandr sarakar ke dipti ekauantet janaral, post eand teligraph aauphis mean apar divijan klark ki naukari mili. lekin ek varsh ke bhitar hi, chooanki pati kamyunist the, so unaki naukari chali gee. mahashveta atul gupt ke pas geean. unaki notis ke dabav mean mahashveta ki phir bahali huee lekin is bar mahashveta ki daraj mean marks aur lenin ki kitabean rakhakar kamyunist hone ka arop lagakar aur asthayi hone ke chalate dubara naukari se unhean hata diya gaya. naukari jane ke bad jivan-sangram jyada kathin ho gaya. mahashveta ne kap da saph karane ke sabun ki bikri se lekar tyooshan karake ghar ka kharcha chalaya. yah kram 1957 mean ramesh mitr balika vidyalay mean mastari milane tak chala. vijan bhattachary se vivah hone se hi mahashveta jivan sangram ka yah paksh mahasoos kar sakian aur ek sushikshit, susanskrit parivar ki l daki hone ke bavajood svechchha se sangrami jivan ka rasta chun sakian.
'jhaansi ki rani' ki rachana
sangharsh ke in dinoan ne hi lekhika mahashveta ko bhi taiyar kiya. us dauran unhoanne khoob rachanaean padhian. vishv ke mashahoor lekhakoan-chiantakoan ki rachanaean, iliya erenabarg, eleksi t aaulast aauy, maiksim gorki, chekhav, soljhenitsin, mayakovॅski aur roos ke kee any lekhakoan ki pustakean padhian. usi samay vijan bhattachary ko ek hiandi film ki kahani likhane ke silasile mean muanbee jana p da. unake sath mahashveta bhi geean. muanbee mean mahashveta ke b de mama sachin chaudhari the. mama ke yahaan hi mahashveta ne padha – vi.di. savarakar, 1857. usase itani prabhavit hueean ki unake man mean bhi isi tarah ka kuchh likhane ka vichar aya. tay kiya ki 'jhaansir rani' (jhaansi ki rani) par ve kitab likheangi. un par jitani kitabean thian, sab jutakar padha. muanbee se ane ke bad tyooshan vagairah to chal hi raha tha, lekhan ko bhi jivika ka sadhan banane ka vichar dridh hota gaya.
mahashveta ne pratul gupt ko apane man ki bat bataee ki ve jhaansi ki rani par likhana chahati haian. mahashveta ne jhaansi ki rani ke bhatije goviand chiantamani se patr vyavahar shuroo kiya. samagri jutane aur padhane ke sath-sath utsahit hokar mahashveta ne likhana bhi shuroo kar diya. phataphat char sau pej likh dale. par itana likhane ke bad unake man ne kaha – yah to kuchh bhi nahian hua. unhoanne use pha dakar pheank diya. jhaansi ki rani ke bare mean aur janana p dega. to isake lie chhah varsh ke bete navarun bhattachary aur pati ko kalakatta mean chho dakar aantatah jhaansi hi chali geean. tab n pati ke pas naukari thi aur n hi unake pas. jaise-taise shubhachiantakoan se paise lekar ve 1954 mean jhaansi ki yatra par nikalian. akele unhoanne buandelakhand ke chappe-chappe ko apane kadamoan se napa. vahaan ke lokagitoan ko qalamabaddh kiya. tab jhaansi ki rani ki jivani likhane vale vrindavanalal varma jhaansi kantonameant mean rahate the. unase bhi ve milian. unake paramarsh ke mutabik jhaansi ki rani se ju de kee sthanoan ka daura kiya. buandelakhand se lautakar mahashveta ne ne sire se ‘jhaansi ki rani’ likhi aur ‘desh’ mean yah rachana dharavahik chhapane lagi. nyoo ej ne ise pustak ke roop mean chhapane ke lie mahashveta ko paanch sau rupaye die. is tarah mahashveta ki pahali qitab 1956 mean aee.[1] ‘jhaansi ki rani’ (1956) ke bad mahashveta ki doosari pustak ‘nati’ 1957 mean aee. usi k di mean ‘jali thi agnishikha’ aee. ye tinoan kitabean 1857 ke mahasangram par keandrit haian. hyooroj ne hi kaha hai ki- "samay aur yug ki sabhi roodhiyoan ko to dakar lakshmibaee ne apane ko ek yogy v saksham senanayak siddh kiya tha." hyooroj ke is kathan ko mahashveta ne ‘jali thi agnishikha’ mean bhi uddhrit kiya hai.[1]
- pati se sambandh vichchhed
sath ka dashak mahashveta ke jivan ke lie b da uthal-puthal vala raha. 1962 mean vijan bhattachary se unaka vivah-vichchhed ho gaya. asit gupt se doosara vivah hua. kiantu unase bhi 1975 mean vivah-vichchhed ho gaya. usake bad unhoanne lekhan aur adivasiyoan ke bich kary kar hamesha srijanatmak karyoan mean apane ko vyast rakha. yah bhi gaur karane yogy hai ki mahashveta kabhi kartavy se chyut nahian hueean. ghar mean beti, didi, patni, maan aur dadi maan ki bhoomika unhoanne bakhoobi nibhaee. mahashveta aranbh se hi alag kism ki mahila rahian. isalie do-do bar vivah-vichchhed hone ke bavajood unake samman par koee aanch nahian aee. ve vahi mahashveta rahian. mahashveta ka unake pati bhi bahut samman karate the. isalie vivah-vichchhed ke bad bhi vijan ya asit ne mahashveta ke viruddh ya mahashveta ne un donoan ke viruddh kabhi kuchh nahian kaha. vijan ki mutyu ke bad mahashveta din bhar vahaan rahian. vahaan mahashveta ki upasthiti ko bahut samman diya gaya.
upanyas 'aranyer adhikar' ka lekhan
apane upanyas ‘aranyer adhikar’ (jangal ke davedar) mean mahashveta devi samaj mean vyapt manaviy shoshan aur usake viruddh ubalate vidroh ko umda tarike se rakhaankit karati haian. ‘aranyer adhikar’ mean us birasa muanda ki katha hai, jisane sadi ke mo d par british samrajyavad ke viruddh janajatiy vidroh ka bigul bajaya. muanda janajati mean samanata, nyay aur ajadi ke aandolan ka sootrapat birasa ne aangrezoan ke khilaph kiya tha. ‘aranyer adhikar’ adivasiyoan ke sashakt vidroh ki mahagatha hai jo manaviy moolyoan se sarabor hai. mahashveta ne mukhy mudde par uangali rakhi hai. masalan birasa ka vidroh sirph aangrezi shasan ke viruddh nahian tha, apitu samakalin samanti vyavastha ke viruddh bhi tha. birasa muanda ke in pakshoan ko sahejakar sahity aur itihas mean prakashit karane ka shrey mahashveta ko hi hai. ‘aranyer adhikar’ likhane ke pichhe ki kahani ye hai ki 1974 mean philm nirmata shaanti chaudhari ne mahashveta se birasa muanda par kuchh likhakar dene ko kaha. shri chaudhari, birasa par philm banana chahate the. birasa par likhane ke lie mahashveta ne pahale to kumar suresh sianh ki kitab padhi. phir dakshin bihar geean, vahaan ke logoan se milian. kee tathy sangrah kie. phir likha ‘aranyer adhikar’. 1979 mean jab is kitab par sahity akadami puraskar mila to adivasiyoan ne jagah-jagah dhak baja-bajakar gaya tha- ‘hamean sahity akadami mila hai.’ tab muanda nam se hi unamean asim gaurav bodh jaga tha. jo muanda bhoomij nam se sarakari rekard mean darj the, unhoanne upane ko muanda nam se darj karane ki prashasan se darakhast ki thi. sahity akadami milane par muandaoan ne mahashveta ka abhinandan karane ke lie unhean apane yahaan (medinipur mean) bulaya. 1979 ki us sabha mean adivasi vaktaoan ne kaha tha- "mukhyadhara ne hamean kabhi svikriti nahian di. ham itihas mean nahian the. tumhare likhane se hamean svikriti mili." sahity akadami pane par mahashveta ko jitani khushi nahian huee, usase jyada in adivasiyoan ki prasannata se huee. mahashveta ko laga, adivasiyoan ke bare mean unaka dayitv aur badh gaya hai. unhoanne adivasiyoan ke lie yathasanbhav kam karate jane aur unake bare mean aur bhi janane ki koshish jari rakhi.[1]
rachanaean
mahashveta devi ne vibhinn sahityik patrikaoan ke lie laghu kathaoan adi ka yogadan diya. unaka pratham upanyas 'nati' 1957 mean prakashit kiya gaya tha. 'jhaansi ki rani' mahashveta devi ki pratham rachana hai, jo 1956 mean prakashit huee. unhoanne svayan hi apane shabdoan mean kaha tha ki- "isako likhane ke bad maian samajh paee ki maian ek kathakar banooangi." is pustak ko mahashveta ji ne kolakata mean baithakar nahian, balki sagar, jabalapur, poona, iandaur aur lalitapur ke jangaloan; sath hi jhaansi, gvaliyar aur kalapi mean ghatit tamam ghatanaean yani 1857-1858 mean itihas ke manch par jo kuchh bhi hua, sabako sath lekar likha. apani nayika ke alava lekhika ne kraanti ke tamam agradootoan aur yahaan tak ki aangrez afasar tak ke sath nyay karane ka prayas kiya hai. mahashveta ji kahati thian- "pahale meri mool vidha kavita thi, ab kahani aur upanyas haian." unaki kuchh mahattvapoorn kritiyoan mean 'agnigarbh', 'jangal ke davedar' aur '1084 ki maan', 'maheshvar' aur 'gram baangla' adi haian. pichhale chalis varshoan mean unaki chhoti-chhoti kahaniyoan ke bis sangrah prakashit kiye ja chuke haian aur sau upanyasoan ke qarib prakashit ho chuke haian.[2] unaki kritiyoan par philmean bhi banian. 1968 mean 'sangharsh', 1993 mean 'roodali', 1998 mean 'hajar chaurasi ki maan', 2006 mean 'mati maee'.[3] mahashveta devi ki kuchh pramukh rachanaean nimnalikhit haian-
- laghukathaean - miloo ke lie, mastar sab
- kahaniyaan - svaha, riportar, vanted
- upanyas - nati, agnigarbh, jhaansi ki rani, mardarar ki maan, 1084 ki maan, matrichhavi, jali thi agnishikha, jak dan
- atmakatha umrakaid, aklaant kaurav
- alekh - krishna dvadashi, amrit sanchay, ghaharati ghataean, bharat mean bandhua mazadoor, untisavian dhara ka aropi, gram baangla, jangal ke davedar, adivasi katha
- yatra sansmaran - shri shri ganesh mahima, eeant ke oopar eeant
- natak - terodaiktil, daulati[2]
pramukh rachanaoan ki kathavastu
- mahashveta devi ne ‘shalagirah ki pukar par’ kriti mean santhal jivan aur aangrezoan ke viruddh unake aitihasik sangram ko darj kiya hai.
- ‘chotti muanda aur usaka tir’ mean adivasi samaj ki hakikat ko darshaya gaya hai.
- ‘amrit sanchay’ upanyas 1857 se tho da pahale praranbh hota hai. 'amrit sanchay’ mean pratikool sthitiyoan mean bhi jivan ke prati jo lalak hai aur pratirodh ki jo chetana hai, us chetana par mahashveta ki barabar najar rahi hai. gauroan ke viruddh hi vah chetana nahian thi, balki azad bharat mean bhi pratirodh ki chetana rahi hai, jise mahashveta poore sahas ke sath abhivyakt karati haian.
- ‘apareshan basaeetudu’, 'jagamohan ki mrityu' mean mahashveta ki vedana aur sangharsh ki smriti bhi sanchit hai. mahashveta itihas, mithak aur vartaman rajanaitik yatharth ke tane-bane ko sanjote hue samajik parivesh ki manaviy pi da ko svar deti haian.
- ‘agnigarbh’ mean mahashveta devi poochhati haian- "jab bataeedari-adhiya jaisi ghrinit pratha mean kisan pis rahe hoan, khetihar majadooroan ko nyoonatam majadoori n mile, bij-khad-pani-bijali ke lale p de hoan, unaka astitv daanv par ho, aise mean vah samanti hiansa ke viruddh hiansa ko chun le to kya ashchary? 'agnigarbh' mean un sangharshashil logoan ki katha hai, jinhoanne samajik nyay ke lie apane pran utsarg kar die.
- sarkas ki prishthabhoomi par likha ‘prematara’ prem ki katha hai, phir bhi usaki prishthabhoomi mean sipahi vidroh rahata hai.
- ‘aklaant kaurav’ ki katha chhoti hai, lekin apane garbh mean visphotak tathy chhipae hai.
- shoshan aur utpi dan ke khilaph nirantar sangharsh karane vale garib aur samarpit skool mastar ki katha ke jarie sath-sattar ke dashak mean apane naksal aandolan ke vaicharik sarokaroan aur logoan mean ati pratirodh ki chetana ko lekhika ne ‘mastar sab’ upanyas mean darshaya hai. yah ek jivaniparak, vicharottejak aur marmik upanyas hai.
- mahashveta ne ‘hajar chaurasi ki maan’ mean naksal aandolan ko maan ki najar se dekha. naksal aandolan ki ve sakshi rahi thian. janasangharshoan ne unake jivan ko bhi parivartit kiya aur lekhan ko bhi. ‘hajar chaurasi ki maan’ us maan ki marmasparshi kahani hai, jisane jan liya hai ki usake putr ka shav pulis hirasat mean kaise aur kyoan hai.
- apane upanyas ‘nil chhavi’ mean unhoanne rochak dhang se bataya hai ki drags aur bloo philmean kis tarah samaj ko bhitar se khokhala kar rahi haian aur kala-jagat, patrakarita aur uchch v nimn madhy varg kin vidanbanaoan ka shikar hai? poori aur buri tarah upabhokta sanskriti mean jak da samaj kis tarah apani vilasita aur mahatvakaanksha ki poorti ke lie sare manaviy aur naitik moolyoan ko tilaanjali de chuka hai.
- ‘kavi vaidyaghoti giner jivan aur mrityu’ mean mahashveta ne nichali jati ke yuvak ke manavadhikar hasil karane ke sangharsh ko vani di hai.[1]
samaj seva
bihar, madhy pradesh tatha chhattisagadh ke adivasi ilake mahashveta devi ke karyakshetr rahe. vahaan unaka dhyan lodha tatha shabara adivasiyoan ki din dasha ki or adhik raha. isi tarah bihar ke palamoo kshetr ke adivasi bhi unake sarokar ka vishay bane. inamean striyoan ki dasha aur bhi dayaniy thi. mahashveta devi ne is sthiti mean sudhar karane ka sankalp liya. 1970 se mahashveta devi ne apane uddeshy ke hit mean vyavastha se sidha hastakshep shuroo kiya. unhoanne pashchim bangal ki audyogik nitiyoan ke khilaf bhi aandolan chhe da tatha vikas ke prachalit kary ko chunauti di.
adivasiyoan ki sangharsh gathaean
mahashveta devi ne apane kee upanyasoan ki tarah apani anek kahaniyoan mean bhi sadiyoan se mukhyadhara se bahar dhakeli gee adivasi asmita ke prashn ko shiddat se uthaya hai. mahashveta ki kee kahaniyaan adivasiyoan ki pramanik sangharsh gathaean haian balki unhean mahagathaean kahana jyada uchit hoga. in mahagathaoan mean adivasi samaj ki chianta kadachit pahali bar bechaini ke sath prakat huee. apani kathakritiyoan mean hashie par dhakele ge adivasi ko nayak banakar mahashveta devi hiandi mean premachand to baangla mean tarashankar bandyopadhyay aur manik bandyopadhyay se bhi age nikal geean. premachand aur tarashankar kisan ko nayak bana chuke the to manik baboo machhuaroan ko. usase kafi age jakar mahashveta ne janajatiyoan aur adivasiyoan ke vidrohi nayakoan ko apani kathakritiyoan ka nayak banaya. mahashveta apani kahaniyoan mean samaj ko shoshan, dohan aur utpi dan se mukt karate sangharshashil nayakoan ka sandhan karati haian. in sangharshashil adivasi nayakoan ka sandhan mahashveta ki kahani ‘badh’ mean bagadi ke roop mean ‘baanyen’ mean dom ‘sham savere ki maan’ mean pakhamara ‘shikar’ mean oraanv ‘bij’ mean ganjoo ‘mool adhikar aur bhikhari dusadh’ mean dusadh ‘behula’ mean mal ya ojha aur ‘draupadi’ mean santhal ke roop mean sahaj hi ho jata hai.
san 1984 mean prakashit apane shreshth galp ki bhoomika mean mahashveta devi ne likha hai- "sahity ko keval bhasha-shaili aur shilp ki kasauti par rakhakar dekhane ke mapadand galat haian. sahity ka moolyaankan itihas ke pariprekshy mean hona chahie. kisi lekhak ke lekhan ko usake samay aur itihas ke pariprekshy mean rakhakar n dekhane se usaka vastavik moolyaankan nahian kiya ja sakata hai. maian purakatha pauranik charitr aur ghatanaoan ko vartaman ke pariprekshy mean phir se yah batane ke lie likhati hooan ki vastav mean lok-kathaoan mean atit aur vartaman ek avichchhinn dhara ke roop mean pravahit hote haian. yah avichchhinn dhara bhi vayaviy nahian hai balki jat-paant khet aur jangal par adhikar aur sabase oopar satta ke vistar tatha usake kayam rakhane ki paddhati ko keandr mean rakhakar nimn varg ke manushy ke shoshan ka kramik itihas hai."
- kahaniyoan ke vishay
mahashveta ki kahaniyoan mean samanti takatoan ke shoshan, utpi dan, chal-chhadm ke viruddh pi ditoan aur shoshitoan ka sangharsh anavarat jari rahata hai. sangharsh mean vah mar bhi khata hai par thakakar baith nahian jata. kroorata aur barbarata mean bhi pi dit tabaka tike rahata hai. kee upanyasoan ki tarah unaki kahaniyoan mean bhi adim janajatiy srotoan se prapt katha to hai hi, jivan aur samaj ke doosare jvalant muddoan ko bhi unhoanne sadhikar sparsh kiya hai. ‘rudali’ ki kahani mean mahashveta ne aurat ki asmita ka prashn umda tarike se uthaya to ‘aklaant kaurav’ mean vikas aur chhadm pragativad ki tikhi alochana ki.
'vartika' ka sampadan
palamoo ke bandhua majadooroan ke bich kam karate hue mahashveta ne kee tathy ekatrit kie the. usi ke adhar par nirmal ghosh ke sath milakar unhoanne ‘bharat ke bandhua majadoor’ namak pustak likhi thi. vibhinn patr-patrikaoan mean adivasi aanchaloan ke sukh-du:kh ke bare mean unhoanne samay-samay par jo likha, ve bhi sankalit hokar pustak roop mean chhap chuki haian- ‘dast an rod’. mahashveta ki tippaniyoan ke is sankalan ko maitreee ghatak (mahashveta ke chhote bhaee) ne sanpadit kiya hai. 1980 mean unhoanne patrika ‘vartika’ ka sanpadan shuroo kiya tha. usake pahale unake pita manish ghatak use sanpadit karate the. pita ka 1979 mean nidhan ho gaya to mahashveta ne patrika ka charitr hi badal dala. vartika ek aisa manch ban gaya, jisamean chhote kisan, khet majadoor, adivasi, karakhanoan mean kam karane vale majadoor, riksha chalak apani samasyaoan aur jivan ke bare mean likhate. ab bhi likhate haian. ‘vartika’ mean medinipur ke lodha aur puruliya ke khe diya shabar adivasiyoan ne bahut kuchh likha. isake jarie adivasiyoan ne jivan mean pahali bar kisi prakashan mean likha. pahali lodha snatak l daki chuni kotal ne bhi 1982 mean vartika mean likha tha apane jivan sangharsh ke bare mean. is tarah vartika ke jarie mahashveta ne baangla mean vaikalpik sahityik patrakarita ki disha mean mahattvapoorn prayas kie. mahashveta ne bandhua majadoor, kisan, phaiktari majadoor, eeant bhattha majadoor, adivasiyoan ko jamin se bedakhal kie jane aur bangal ke harek adivasi samuday par vartika ke vishesh aank nikale. unhoanne baangla desh aur amerika ke adivasiyoan par bhi vishesh aank nikale. vartika ne apani gahari sanpadakiy drishti aur sanpadakiy vivek ka parichay diya.
puraskar v samman
[[chitr:Mahasweta-Devi-Google-Doodle.png|thumb|250px|mahashveta devi ke samman mean googal-doodal (2018)]] 1977 mean mahashveta devi ko 'megsese puraskar' pradan kiya gaya. 1979 mean unhean 'sahity akadami puraskar' mila. 1996 mean 'jnanapith puraskar' se vah sammanit ki geean. 1986 mean 'padmashri' tatha phir 2006 mean unhean 'padmavibhooshan' samman pradan kiya gaya.
googal doodal
sahityakar mahashveta devi ke janmadin (14 janavari) par googal ne unhean doodal ke jariye samman diya. mahashveta devi poori jiandagi lekhan ke sath mahilaoan, dalitoan aur adivasiyoan ke adhikaroan ke lie jamin par sangharsh karati rahian. 14 janavari, 1926 ko aj ke baangladesh ki rajadhani dhaka mean paida hueean mahashveta devi ko googal ne apane shanadar doodal ke jariye shraddhaanjali di hai. googal dvara pesh doodal mean bangali shaili mean dhoti yani sa di pahane mahashveta devi kuchh likhati najar a rahi haian. doodal mean unake pichhe alag-alag sabhyata, sanskriti, bhasha, parivesh ke logoan ka chehara najar a raha hai. jo is bat ko iangit karata hai ki mahashveta devi na sirph apani lekhani mean balki dharatal par bhi poori jiandagi samaj ke har tabake ke lie sangharsh karati rahian.
nidhan
mahashveta devi ka nidhan 28 julaee, 2016 ko kolakata mean hua. unhean 22 mee ko kolakata ke bel vyoo narsiang hom mean bharti karaya gaya tha. unake sharir ke kee mahatvapoorn aangoan ne kam karana band kar diya tha. dil ka daura p dane ke bad unaka nidhan ho gaya.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 mahashveta devi ka jivan aur sahity (hindi) literaturepoint.com. abhigaman tithi: 30 julaee, 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 mahashveta devi (hindi). . abhigaman tithi: 20 sitambar, 2012.
- ↑ mahashveta devi (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 6 janavari, 2014.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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