राष्ट्रपति

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bharatiy sanvidhan par briten ke sanvidhan ka vyapak prabhav hai. briten ke sanvidhan ka anukaran karate hue bharat mean sanvidhan dvara sansadiy shasan ki sthapana ki gayi hai. jis tarah briten mean shasan ki pramukh vahaan ki samrajni hoti hai, usi prakar se bharat mean rajy ka pramukh rashtrapati hota hai. briten ki samrajni ki tarah bharat ka rashtrapati rajy ka aupacharik pramukh hota hai aur sangh ki vastavik shakti sangh mantrimandal mean nihit hoti hai. in donoan deshoan ke pramukhoan mean moolabhoot antar yah hai ki briten ki samrajni ka pad vanshanugat hota hai, jabaki bharat ka rashtrapati ek nirvachit mandal dvara nirvachit kiya jata hai. isi antar ke karan bharat ko prajataantrik ganatantr kaha jata hai. bharat mean rashtrapati ka pad sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 52 dvara upabandhit hai.

rashtrapati pad ki yogyata

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 58 ke anusar koee bhi vyakti rashtrapati hone ke yogy tab hoga, jab vah–

1. bharat ka nagarik ho.
2. paiantis varsh ki ayu poori kar chuka ho.
3. lok sabha ka sadasy nirvachit kiye jane ke yogy ho, tatha
4. bharat sarakar ke ya kisi rajy sarakar ke adhin athava in donoan sarakaroan mean se kisi ke niyantran mean kisi sthaniy ya any pradhikari ke adhin labh ka pad n dharan karata ho. yadi koee vyakti rashtrapati ya uparashtrapati ke pad par ya sangh athava kisi rajy ke mantriparishad ka sadasy ho, to yah nahian mana jaega ki vah labh ke pad par hai.

rashtrapati ka nirvachan

rashtrapati ka chunav 'apratyaksh nirvachan' ke dvara kiya jata hai. rashtrapati pad ke nirvachan mean abhyarthi hone ke lie avashyak hai ki koee vyakti nirvachan ke lie apana namaankan karate samay 15,000 rupaye ki dharohar (zamanat dhanarashi) nirvachan adhikari ke samaksh jama kare aur usake namaankan patr ka prastav kam se kam 50 matadataoan ke dvara kiya jana chahie tatha kam se kam 50 matadataoan dvara usake namaankan patr ka samarthan bhi kiya jana chahie.

rashtrapati ke nirvachan ke lie nirvachak mandal

anuchchhed 54 ke anusar rashtrapati ka nirvachan aise nirvachak mandal ke dvara kiya jaega, jisamean sansad (lokasabha tatha rajyasabha) tatha rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke nirvachit sadasy shamil hoange. rashtrapati ke nirvachak mandal mean sansad ke manonit sadasy, rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke manonit sadasy tatha rajy vidhan parishadoan ke sadasy (nirvachit evan manonit donoan) shamil nahian kiye jate. sangh rajy kshetroan ki vidhanasabhaoan ke sadasyoan ko bhi 70vean sanvidhan sanshodhan ke poorv rashtrapati ke nirvachak mandal mean shamil nahian kiya jata tha. lekin 70vean sanvidhan sanshodhan dvara yah vyavastha kar di gayi hai ki do sangh rajy kshetroan, yatha pandicheri tatha rashtriy rajadhani rajyakshetr dilli ki vidhanasabhaoan ke sadasy rashtrapati ke nirvachak mandal mean shamil kiye jayeange. yahaan par yah ullekhaniy hai ki keval in donoan sangh rajy kshetroan mean hi vidhanasabha ka gathan hua hai.

nirvachak mandal mean rikt sthan ka rashtrapati ke chunav par prabhav

sanvidhan sabha mean rashtrapati ke nirvachan prakriya par vichar karate samay yah dhyan nahian diya gaya tha ki nirvachak mandal mean se koee sthan rikt ho to rashtrapati ka chunav kaise hoga? 1957 mean jab rashtrapati ka chunav kiya gaya to nirvachak mandal mean kuchh sthan khali the. isalie rashtrapati ke chunav ko is adhar par chunauti di gee ki nirvachak mandal mean sthan rikt hone ke karan rashtrapati ka chunav avaidh hai. bad mean 1961 mean gyaharavaan sanvidhan sanshodhan ke tahat yah vyavastha ki gayi ki nirvachak mandal mean sthan rikt hote hue bhi rashtrapati ka chunav kaise karaya ja sakata hai.

rashtrapati ke nirvachan ki paddhati

rashtrapati ke nirvachan paddhati ke sambandh mean sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 55 mean pravadhan kiya gaya hai, jisake anusar rashtrapati ke nirvachan mean do siddhantoan ko apanaya jata hai–

samaroopata tatha samatulyata ka siddhant

is siddhant, jo anuchchhed 55 ke khand (1) tatha (2) varnit haian, ke anusar rajyoan ke pratinidhitv ke mapaman mean ekaroopata tatha sabhi rajyoan aur sangh ke pratinidhitv mean samatulyata hogi. is siddhant ka tatpary yah hai ki sabhi rajyoan ki vidhanasabhaoan ka pratinidhitv ka man nikalane ke lie ek hi prakriya apanayi jaegi tatha sabhi rajyoan ki vidhanasabhaoan ke sadasyoan ke mat mooly ka yog sansad ke sabhi sadasy ke mat mooly ke yog ke samatuly arthath saman hoga. rajyoan ki vidhanasabhaoan ke sadasyoan ke matamooly tatha sansad ke sadasyoan ke matamooly ko nirdharit karane ke lie nimnalikhit prakriya apanayi jaegi.

vidhanasabha ke sadasy ke mat mooly ka nirdharan

pratyek rajy ki vidhanasabha ke sadasy ke matoan ki sankhya nikalane ke lie us rajy ki kul janasankhya (jo pichhali janaganana ke anusar nirdharit hai) ko rajy vidhanasabha ki kul nirvachit sadasy sankhya se vibhajit karake bhagaphal ko 1000 se vibhajit kiya jata hai. is prakar bhajanaphal ko ek sadasy ka mat mooly man lete haian. yadi ukt vibhajan ke parinamasvaroop shesh sankhya 500 se adhik aye, to pratyek sadasy ke matoan ki sankhya mean ek aur jo d diya jata hai. rajy vidhan sabha ke sadasyoan ka mooly nimn prakar nikala jata hai–

rajy ki vidhanasabha ke ek sadasy ka mat mooly = rajy ki kul janasankhya / rajy vidhanasabha ke nirvachit X 1 / 1000 sadasyoan ki kul sankhya

sansad sadasy ke mat mooly ka nirdharan

sansad sadasy ka mat mooly nirdharit karane ke lie rajyoan ki vidhanasabhaoan ke sadasyoan ke mat moolyoan ko jo dakar sansad ke donoan sadanoan ke nirvachit sadasyoan ke yog ka bhag diya jata hai. sansad sadasy ka mat mooly nimn prakar nikala jata hai–

sansad sadasy ka mat mooly = kul rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke nirvachit sadasyoan ke mat moolyoan ka yog / sansad ke donoan sadanoan ke nirvachit sadasyoan ka yog

is prakar rashtrapati ke chunav mean yah dhyan rakha jata hai ki sabhi rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke nirvachit sadasyoan ke matoan ke mooly ka yog sansad ke nirvachit sadasyoan ke matoan ke mooly ka yog barabar rahe aur sabhi rajyoan ki vidhan sabhaoan ke nirvachit sadasyoan ke mat mooly ka nirdharan karane ke lie ek saman prakriya apanayi jae. ise anupatik pratinidhitv ka siddhant bhi kahate haian.

ekal sankramaniy siddhant

is siddhant ka tatpary hai ki yadi nirvachan mean ek se adhik ummidavar hoan, to matadataoan dvara matadan variyata kram se diya jae. isaka ashay yah hai ki matadata matadan patr mean ummidavaroan ke nam ya chunav chihn ke samaksh apana variyata kram likhega.

mataganana

rashtrapati ke chunav ke bad usi vyakti ko nirvachit ghoshit kiya jata hai, jo dale gaye kul vaidh matoan mean se adhe se adhik mat prapt kare. jab rashtrapati ke nirvachan ke bad matoan ki ganana prarambh hoti hai, to sarvapratham avaidh matapatroan ko nirast karake shesh vaidh mat patroan ka mat mooly nikala jata hai aur nikale ge mat mooly mean 2 ka bhag dekar bhagaphal mean ek jo dakar nirvachit ghoshit kiye jane vale ummidavar ka kota nikala jata hai. yadi mataganana ke pratham daur mean kisi ummidavar ko niyat kiye gaye kota ke barabar mat mooly prapt ho jata hai, to use nirvachit ghoshit kar diya jata hai. yadi kisi ummidavar ko niyam kota ke barabar mat mooly nahian prapt hota hai, to mataganana ka doosara daur prarambh hota hai. doosare daur ke mataganana mean jis ummidavar ko pratham variyata ka sabase kam mat mila hota hai, usako ganana se bahar karake usake dvitiy variyata ke mat mooly ko any ummidavaroan ko sthanantarit kar diya jata hai. yadi dvitiy daur ki ganana mean bhi kisi ummidavar ko niyat kiye gaye kota ke barabar mat mooly nahian prapt hota hai, to tisare daur ki ganana hoti hai. tisare daur ki ganana mean us ummidavar ko ganana se bahar kar diya jata hai, jo ki doosare daur ki ganana mean sabase kam mooly pata hai aur is ummidavar ke tritiy variyata mat mooly ko shesh ummidavaroan ke paksh mean sthanantarit kar diya jata hai. yah prakriya tab tak apanayi jati hai, jab tak ki kisi ummidavar ko niyat kiye gaye kota ke mat mooly ke barabar mat mooly prapt nahian ho jata hai.

bharat mean rashtrapati ka chunav

bharat mean ab tak 12 vyakti rashtrapati ka pad grahan kar chuke haian, jinamean se pratham rashtrapati d aau. rajeandr prasad ne 2 bar is pad ko sushobhit kiya hai. rashtrapati ki padavadhi 5 varsh ki hoti hai. lekin rajendr prasad 10 varsh se adhik ki avadhi tak rashtrapati ka pad dharan kiye tha. isaka karan yah tha ki 1952 mean rashtrapati ke pratham chunav ke poorv hi 24 janavari, 1950 ko sanvidhan sabha ke dvara rashtrapati ke roop mean d aau. rajeandr prasad ka chunav kar liya gaya tha. sanvidhan ke pravartan ki tithi arthath 26 janavari, 1950 se lekar 12 mee, 1952 tak rajendr prasad rashtrapati ke pad par rahe.

bharat mean ab tak 13 bar rashtrapati ke chunav hue haian, jinamean se ek bar, arthath 1977 mean, shri nilam sanjiv reddi nirvirodh rashtrapati chune gaye the. shesh 12 bar rashtrapati pad ke chunav mean ek se adhik ummidavar the. ab tak keval d aau. rajeandr prasad, fakharuddin ali ahamad, nilam sanjiv reddi tatha jnani zail sianh ko chho dakar any sabhi rashtrapati poorv mean uparashtrapati ke pad ko sushobhit kar chuke the. d aau. es. radhakrishnan lagatar do bar uparashtrapati tatha ek bar rashtrapati ke pad par asin hue. nirdaliy ummidavar ke roop mean vi.vi. giri aise rashtrapati nirvachit hue the, jinhoanne kaangres ka spasht bahumat hote hue bhi usake ummidavar ko parajit kiya tha. ab tak nilam sanjiv reddi ekamatr aise rashtrapati hue haian, jo ek bar chunav mean parajit hue tatha bad mean nirvirodh nirvachit hue.

19 julaee, 2007 ko sampann 13vean rashtrapati ke chunav ke lie nirvachak mandal mean 4,896 sadasy the, jisamean 776 saansad aur 4,120 vidhayak shamil haian. in sabaka kul mat mooly 10,98,882 tha. vartaman mean pratyek saansad ka mat mooly 708 hai. saansadoan ka kul mat mooly 5,49,408 aur vidhayakoan ka kul mat mooly 5,49,474 hai. rajyoan mean uttar pradesh vidhanasabha ka mat mooly sarvadhik 83,824 hai. isake bad kramash: maharashtr vidhanasabha ka mat mooly 50,400, pashchim bangal ka 44,394, aandhr pradesh ka 43,512 aur bihar vidhanasabha ka mat mooly 42,039 hai. sikkim vidhanasabha ka mat mooly sabase kam 224 hai.

matadan sthal

rashtrapati ke chunav mean rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke sadasy apane-apane rajyoan ki rajadhaniyoan mean matadan karate haian aur sansad sadasy dilli mean ya apane rajy ki rajadhani mean matadan kar sakate haian. yadi koee sansad sadasy apane rajy ki rajadhani mean matadan karana chahata hai to use isaki soochana 10 din poorv hi chunav ayog ka deni chahie.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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