राष्ट्रभाषा

rashtrabhasha rashtr dvara manyataprapt bhasha jo ek desh ki sanskriti ka abhinn hissa hoti hai, jise sampoorn rashtr mean bhasha karyoan mean (jaise likhana, padhana aur vartalap) ke lie pramukhata se prayog mean laya jata hai. vah bhasha jisamean rashtr ke kam kie jaean. rashtr ke kamadham ya sarakari kamakaj ke liye svikrit bhasha hi rashtrabhasha kahalati hai. any shabdoan mean 'rashtrabhasha' vah bhasha hai, jise rashtr ke samagr nagarik any bhasha bhashi hote hue bhi janate samajhate hoan aur usaka vyavahar karate hoan. mahatma gaandhi ji ki adhyakshata mean 1918 mean indaur mean 'hindi sahity sammelan' ayojit hua aur usi mean parit ek prastav ke dvara hindi rashtrabhasha mani gayi. is prastav ke svikrit hone ke bad dakshin bharat mean hindi ke prachar prasar ke liye dakshin bharat hindi prachar sabha ki bhi sthapana huee jisaka mukhyalay madras mean tha.

itihas

1947 mean ajadi milane ke bad jab bharatiy sanvidhan lagoo hua to usake anuchchhed 343 ke dvara bharatiy sangh ki bhasha hindi aur lipi devanagari nirdharit ki gayi parantu sanvidhan lagoo hone ke varsh 1950 se 15 varsh tak ki avadhi 1965 tak ke liye sangh ki bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ka prayog kiya ja sakata tha. bharatiy sansad ko yah adhikar diya gaya tha ki vah chahe to sangh ki bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ke prayog ki avadhi ko badha sakati thi. varsh 1963 mean sansad mean rajabhasha adhiniyam 1963 parit karate huye yah vyavastha kar di thi ki 1971 tak bharatiy sangh ke roop mean aangreji bhasha ka upayog hota rahega. kalantar mean 1971 ki kalavadhi samapt kar anishchitakal ke liye is vyavastha ko lagoo kiya gaya. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 344 ke dvara 22 bhashaoan ko rajabhasha ki manyata pradan ki gayi hai. jinake nam is prakar hai:-

1. asamiya
2. baangla
3. gujarati
4. hindi
5. kann d
6. kashmiri
7. koankani
8. malayalam
9. manipuri
10. marathi
11. nepali
12. u diya
13. panjabi
14. sanskrit
15. siandhi
16. tamil
17. urdoo
18. telugu
19. bodo
20. dogari
21. maithili
22. santhali.

• sanh 2001 ki janaganana ke anusar, lagabhag 25.79 karo d bharatiy hiandi ka upayog matribhasha ke roop mean karate haian.

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poornata

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