लोक सभा

[[chitr:Sansad-Bhavan-2.jpg|thumb|300px|sansad bhavan, nee dilli]]

pratham lokasabha ka gathan 17 aprail, 1952 ko hua tha. isaki pahali baithak 13 mee, 1952 ko huee thi. lokasabha ke gathan ke sambandh mean sanvidhan ke do anuchchhed, yatha 81 tatha 331 mean pravadhan kiya gaya hai. mool sanvidhan mean lokasabha ki sadasy sankhya 500 nirdharit ki gayi thi, kintu bad mean isamean vriddhi ki gayi. 31vean sanvidhan sanshodhan, 1974 ke dvara lokasabha ki adhikatam sadasy sankhya 547 nishchit ki gayi. vartaman mean gova, daman aur div punargathan adhiniyam, 1987 dvara yah abhinirdharit kiya gaya hai ki lokasabha adhikatam sadasy sankhya 552 ho sakati hai. anuchchhed 81(1) (k) tatha (kh) ke anusar lokasabha ka gathan rajyoan mean pradeshik nirvachan kshetroan se pratyaksh nirvachan dvara chune hue 530 se adhik n hone vale sadasyoan tatha sangh rajy kshetroan ka pratinidhitv karane vale 20 se adhik n hone vale sadasyoan ke dvara kiya jaega. is prakar lokasabha mean bharat ki janasankhya dvara nirvachit 550 sadasy ho sakate haian. anuchchhed 331 ke anusar yadi rashtrapati ki ray mean lokasabha mean aangl bharatiy samuday ko paryapt pratinidhitv n mila ho to vah aangl bharatiy samuday ke do vyaktiyoan ko lokasabha ke lie namanirdeshit kar sakata hai. at: lokasabha ki adhikatam sadasy sankhya 552 ho sakati hai. yah sankhya lokasabha ke sadasyoan ki saiddhantik ganana hai aur vyahavaharat: vartaman samay mean lokasabha ki prabhavi sankhya 530 (rajyoan ke pratinidhi) + (sangh kshetroan ke pratinidhi) + 2 rashtrapati dvara nam nirdeshit = 545 hai.

sthanoan ka abantan

lokasabha mean sthanoan ko abantit karane ke lie do prakriya apanayi jati haian-

1. pahala pratyek rajy ko lokasabha mean sthanoan ka abantan aisi riti se kiya jata hai ki sthanoan ki sankhya se us rajy ki janasankhya ka anupat sabhi rajyoan ke lie yathasadhy ek hi ho, tatha
2. doosara pratyek rajy ko pradeshik nirvachan kshetroan mean aisi riti se vibhajit kiya jata hai ki pratyek nirvachan kshetr ki janasankhya ka usako abantit sthanoan ki sankhya se anupat samast rajy mean yathasadhy ek hi ho.

aank doan ka adhar

ukt donoan kary aise pradhikari dvara aisi riti se, jise sansad vidhi dvara sunishchit kare, pratyek janaganana ki samapti par prakashit susangat aank doan ke adhar par kiye jate haian. lekin 42vean sanvidhan sanshodhan, 1976 ke dvara yah pravadhan kar diya gaya hai ki jab tak 2001 ki janaganana ke aank de prakashit nahian ho jate, tab tak lokasabha ki sadasy sankhya 545 hi rahegi. 91vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan adhiniyam 2001 ke dvara ab yah vyavastha 2026 tak yathavat bani rahegi.

parisiman adhiniyam

lokasabha mean rajyoan ke sthanoan ke abantan tatha rajyoan ko pradeshik kshetroan mean vibhajit karane ke lie sansad dvara parisiman adhiniyam, 1952 parit kiya gaya hai. parisiman adhiniyam, 1952 mean pravadhan kiya gaya hai ki sansad pratyek janaganana ke susangat aank doan ke prakashan ke bad parisiman ayog ka gathan karegi. is parisiman adhiniyam ke adhin trisadasyiy parisiman ayog ka gathan kiya jata hai, jise navinatam janaganana ke aank doan ke adhar par lokasabha mean vibhinn rajyoan ko sthanoan ke abantan ko, pratyek rajy ki vidhanasabhaoan ke kul sthanoan ka tatha lokasabha aur rajy ki vidhan sabha ke nirvachanoan ke prayojan ke lie pratyek rajy ko pradeshik nirvachan kshetroan mean vibhajan ka pun: samayojan karane ka kartavy sauanpa jata haian is prakar gathit ayog ne 1974 mean lokasabha mean rajyoan tatha sangh rajy kshetroan ke sthanoan ka abantan kiya tha, jisake anusar 530 sthan rajyoan ke lie tatha 13 sthan sangh rajyakshetroan ke lie abantit kiye gaye the.

chautha parisiman ayog

lokasabha v vidhanasabhaoan ke nirvachan kshetroan ka parisiman karane ke liy nyayamoorti kuladip sianh ki adhyakshata mean chautha parisiman ayog ka gathan varsh 2001 mean kiya gaya. ayog ne apana kary 2004 mean prarambh kiya. prarambh mean parisiman ka kary 1991 ki janaganana ke adhar par kiya jana tha, parantu 23 aprail, 2002 ko kendriy mantrimandal ne isase sambandhit ek sanshodhan vidheyak ko anumodit karate hue yah nirdharit kiya ki nirvachan kshetroan ka parisiman ab 2001 ki janaganana ke adhar par kiya jaega. isake lie parisiman (87vaan sanshodhan) adhiniyam, 2003 ko adhiniyantrit kiya gaya. nirvachan kshetroan ka yah parisiman 30 varshoan ke pashchath nyayamoorti kuladip sianh ki adhyakshata vale chauthe parisiman ayog ne apana karyakal 31 mee, 2008 ko samapt ghoshit kiya. halaanki ayog ka karyakal 31 julaee, 2008 tak nirdharit tha. ayog ne apane karyakal mean lokasabha ke 543 evan 24 vidhanasabhaoan ke 4120 nirvachan kshetroan ka parisiman kiya hai. paanch rajyoan asam, arunachal pradesh, manipur, nagalaind aur jharakhand mean parisiman nahian kiya ja saka hai, jabaki jammoo-kashmir ke lie ise lagoo nahian kiya gaya tha. in chh: rajyoan ko chho dakar shesh sabhi rajyoan mean naye parisiman ke adhar par matadata soochiyaan taiyar ki gee haian.

parisiman ayog ne sarakar se yah sanstuti ki hai ki anusoochit jati ke lie arakshit sitoan ke lie roteshan lagoo karana chahie. isake lie 2002 ke parisiman adhiniyam ke sath-sath sanvidhan mean bhi sanshodhan karana hoga. isake sath hi ayog ne ab prati 10 varsh bad nee janaganana ke adhar par parisiman karane ki sifarish ki hai. ayog ne lokatantr ke tinoan charanoan panchayat, vidhan sabha aur lokasabha ke nirvachan kshetroan ka parisiman sugam banaye rakhane ke lie agami janaganana panchayat ke adhar par karane ki sanstuti ki hai. ayog ki yah sifarish usaki riport ka bhag nahian hai, at: yah sarakar ke lie badhyakari nahian hai. desh mean pahala parisiman ayog 1952 mean, doosara 1962 mean aur tisara aisa ayog 1973 mean gathit kiya gaya tha.

sitoan ki sankhya aur prakar

• samany/am nirvachan kshetr - 423
• anusoochit jati hetu arakshit nirvachan kshetr - 79
• anusoochit janajati hetu arakshit nirvachan kshetr - 41
• aangl bharatiy samuday ke manonayan ke lie nirdharit sit - 2

kul sitean = 545 (543+2)

sthanoan ka arakshan

anuchchhed 330 ke tahat lokasabha mean anusoochit jatiyoan, anusoochit janajatiyoan aur anuchchhed 331 ke tahat aangl bharatiy samuday ke logoan ke lie sthanoan ke arakshan ka pravadhan hai. kisi rajy athava sangh shasit kshetr mean anusoochit jatiyoan ya janajatiyoan ke lie arakshit sthanoan ki sankhya up rajy ke lie lokasabha mean abantit sthanoan ki kul sankhya aur sambandhit rajy mean anusoochit jatiyoan ya janajatiyoan ki kul sankhya ke anupat ke barabar hogi.

anusuchit jatiyoan, janajatiyoan v aangl bharatiyoan ke lie lokasabha mean sitoan ke arakshan sambandhi pravadhan sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 334 ke aantargat moolat: 10 varshoan ke lie kiya gaya tha, jise 1960 ke athavean sanvidhan sanshodhan, 1969 ke 23vean sanvidhan sanshodhan, 1980 ke 45vean sanvidhan sanshodhan, 1989 ke 62vean sanshodhan tatha 1999 ke 79vean sanvidhan sanshodhan adhinayam ke dvara kramash: 10-10 varsh ke lie badhaye gaye. 1999 ke 79vean sanvidhan sanshodhan adhiniyam ke dvara badhaee gee 10 varsh ki avadhi 25 janavari, 2010 ko samapt hone se poorv sansad dvara agast, 2009 mean 190vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan vidheyak parit karate hue lokasabha mean anusoochit jatiyoan, janajatiyoan v aangl bharatiyoan ki sitoan ka yah arakshan agami 10 varshoan arthath janavari 2020 tak upalabdh rahega. is sanshodhan ke tahat anuchchhed 334 mean 60 varshoan ke sthan par 70 varsh shamil kiya gaya hai.

nirvachan

lokasabha ke sadasy bharat ke un nagarikoan dvara chune jate haian, jo ki vayask ho gaye haian. 61vean sanvidhan sanshodhan adhiniyam, 1989 ke poorv un nagarikoan ko vayask mana jata tha, jo ki 21 varsh ki ayu poori kar lete the, lekin is sanshodhan ke dvara yah vyavastha kar di gee ki 18 varsh ki ayu poori karane vala nagarik lokasabha ya rajy vidhanasabha ke sadasyoan ko chunane ke lie vayask mana jaega. lokasabha ke sadasyoan ka chunav vayask matadan ke adhar par hota hai. bharat mean 1952 se lekar ab tak ki avadhi mean 15 lokasabha chunav hue haian. 15 lokasabha chunav hue haian.

avadhi

lokasabha ka gathan apane pratham adhiveshan ki tithi se paanch varsh ke lie hota hai, lekin pradhanamantri ki salah par lokasabha ka vighatan rashtrapati dvara 5 varsh ke pahale bhi kiya ja sakata hai. pradhanamantri ki salah par lokasabha ka vighatan jab kar diya jata hai, tab lokasabha ka madhyavadhi chunav hota hai, kyoanki sanvidhan ke anusar lokasabha vighatan ki sthiti mean 6 mas se adhik nahian rah sakati. aisa isilie bhi avashyak hai, kyoanki lokasabha ke do baithakoan ke bich ka samayantaral 6 mas se adhik nahian hona chahie. ab tak lokasabha ka usake gathan ke bad 5 varsh ke bhitar char bar arthath 1970 mean tatkalin pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ki salah par, 1979 mean tatkalin pradhanamantri charan sianh ki salah par, 1991 mean tatkalin pradhanamantri chandrashekhar ki salah par, 1998 mean tatkalin pradhanamantri indrakumar gujaral ki salah par aur 1999 mean pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi ki salah par vighatan hua aur is prakar madhyavadhi chunav karaye gaye.

vishesh paristhiti mean lokasabha ki avadhi 1 varsh ke lie badhayi ja sakati hai. parantu lokasabha ki avadhi ek bar mean 1 varsh se adhik nahian badhayi ja sakati aur kisi bhi sthiti mean apatakal ki udaghoshana ki samapti ke bad lokasabha ki avadhi 6 mah se adhik nahian badhayi ja sakati hai, arthath apat udaghoshana ki samapti ke bad 6 mah ke andar lokasabha ka samany chunav karakar usaka gathan avashyak hai. bharat mean paanchavian lokasabha ki avadhi 6 faravari, 1976 ko 1 varsh ke lie arthath 18 march, 1976 se 18 march, 1977 tak tatha bad mean navambar, 1976 mean 18 march, 1977 se 18 march, 1978 tak ke lie badha di gayi thi, lekin janavari, 1977 ko hi pradhanamantri ki salah par lokasabha ka vighatan kar diya gaya aur march, 1977 mean chhathavian lokasabha ka chunav karaya gaya.

adhiveshan

lokasabha ka adhiveshan 1 varsh mean kam se kam do bar hona chahie lekin lokasabha ke pichhale adhiveshan ki antim baithak ki tithi tatha agami adhiveshan ke pratham baithak ki tithi ke bich 6 mas se adhik ka antaral nahian hona chahie, lekin yah antaral 6 mah se adhik ka tab ho sakata hai, jab agami adhiveshan ke pahale hi lokasabha ka vighatan kar diya jae. anuchchhed 85 ke tahat rashtrapati ko samay-samay par sansad ke pratyek sadan, rajyasabha evan lokasabha ko ahut karane, unaka satravasan karane tatha lokasabha ka vighatan karane ka adhikar prapt hai.

vishesh adhiveshan

rashtriy apatakal ki ghoshana ko namanzoor karane ke lie lokasabha ka vishesh adhiveshan tab bulaya ja sakata hai, jab lokasabha ke adhiveshan mean n rahane ki sthiti mean kam se kam 110 sadasy rashtrapati ko adhiveshan bulane ke lie likhit soochana dean ya jab adhiveshan chal raha ho, tab lokasabha ko is ashay ki likhit soochana dean. aisi likhit soochana adhiveshan bulane ki tithi ke 14 din poorv deni p dati hai. aisi soochana par rashtrapati ya lokasabhadhyaksh adhiveshan bulane ke lie badhy haian.

padadhikari

lokasabha ke nimnalikhit do padadhikari hote haian-

1. adhyaksh aur
2. upadhyaksh.

lokasabhadhyaksh

lokasabha adhyaksh lokasabha ka pramukh padadhikari hota hai aur lokasabha ki sabhi karyavahiyoan ka sanchalan karata hai- 

nirvachan

lokasabha adhyaksh ka nirvachan lokasabha ke sadasyoan ke dvara kiya jata hai. nirvachan kis tithi ko hoga, ise rashtrapati nishchit karata hai aur rashtrapati ke dvara nishchit ki gayi tithi ki soochana lokasabha ka mahasachit sadasyoan ko deta hai. rashtrapati ke dvara nishchit ki gayi tithi ke poorv din ke madhyahn se pahale koee bhi sadasy kisi any sadasy ko adhyaksh chune jane ka prastav mahasachiv ko likhit roop mean deta hai tatha is prastav ka anumodan tisare sadasy dvara diya jata hai. is prastav ke sath us sadasy, jise adhyaksh chune jane ka prastav kiya jata hai, ka yah kathan sanlagn hota hai ki vah adhyaksh ke roop mean kary karane ke lie taiyar hai. is tarah se ek ya kee prastav kiye jate haian. yadi ek hi prastav pesh kiya jata hai, to chunav sarvasammat hota hai aur yadi ek se adhik prastav pesh kiye jate haian, to chunav matadan ke dvara hota hai.

shapath grahan

lokasabhadhyaksh lokasabha ke adhyaksh ke roop mean shapath nahian leta hai balki vah samany sadasy ke roop mean shapath leta hai. use lokasabha ka karyakari adhyaksh lokasabha ke sadasy ke roop mean shapath grahan karata hai. karyakari adhyaksh ke roop mean us vyakti ko namajad kiya jata hai, jo lokasabha mean sabase adhik umr ho hota hai.

vetan evan bhatte

lokasabha ke adhyaksh ko rajyasabha ke sabhapati (uparashtrapati) ke saman 1.25 rupaye masik vetan evan any bhatte milate haian. 14 mee, 2002 ko sansad dvara parit ek sanshodhan vidheyak ke anusar yadi lokasabha ke adhyaksh ki mrityu usake pad par rahane ki avadhi mean hi ho jati hai to usake parivar yani pati ya patni ko peanshan, avas aur svasthy suvidhaean mila kareangi. dhyatavy hai ki yah suvidha ab tak rashtrapati evan uparashtrapati padoan ke lie hi thian. sath hi lokasabhadhyaksh ko kendriy mantri ke saman bhatta dene ka bhi pravadhan kiya gaya hai.

padavadhi

lokasabhadhyaksh ek bar adhyaksh chune jane ke bad agami lokasabha chunav ke gathan ke bad usake pratham adhiveshan ki pratham baithak tak apane pad par bana rahata hai. lekin vah nimnalikhit sthitiyoan mean adhyaksh pad se mukt ho sakata hai-

1. yadi vah kisi karan lokasabha ka sadasy nahian rah jata,
2. yadi vah upadhyaksh ko apana tyagapatr de deta hai,
3. yadi vah lokasabha ke sadasyoan ke bahumat se parit sankalp dvara apane pad se hata diya jata hai. aisa koee sankalp lokasabha mean pesh karane ke ashay ki soochana 14 din poorv hi di jani chahie.

jab lokasabha mean aise kisi sankalp par bahas hoti hai, to lokasabha ki adhyakshata upadhyaksh ya usaki anupasthiti mean any vyakti, jise lokasabha ki prakriya tatha kary sanchalan niyam dvara nirdharit kiya jata hai, dvara ki jati hai. 18 disambar, 1954 ko pahali bar lokasabha ke pratham adhyaksh ganesh vasudev mavalankar ke viruddh unhean pad se hatane ke lie ek prastav laya gaya tha. halaanki yah prastav parit nahian ho saka tha.

kary evan shaktiyaan

lokasabhadhyaksh ka kary evan shaktiyaan lokasabha ke sambandh mean kafi adhik hai, jinaka varnan nimn prakar kiya ja sakata hai-

vyavastha sambandhi shaktiyaan

lokasabhadhyaksh ko lokasabha mean vyavastha banaye rakhane ke sambandh mean nimnalikhit shaktiyaan pradan ki gayi haian-

1. karravaee sanchalit karane ke lie sadan mean vyavastha v maryada banae rakhana.
2. sadan ki karravaee ke lie samay ka nirdharan karana.
3. sanvidhan aur sadan ke prakriya sambandhi niyamoan ki vyakhya karana.
4. vivadaspad vishayoan par matadan karana aur nirnay ki ghoshana karana.
5. matadan mean paksh tatha vipaksh mean barabar mat p dane ki sthiti mean nirnayak mat dena dena.
6. prastav, prativedan aur vyavastha ke prashnoan ko svikar karana.
7. mantriparishad ke kisi sadasy ko padatyag karane ki sthiti mean use sadan ke samaksh apana vaktavy dene ki anumati dena.
8. sadasyoan ko janakari prapt karane ke lie vicharadhin mahattvapoorn vishayoan ki ghoshana karana.
9. sanvidhan sambandhi mamaloan par apani sammati dena.
10. ganapoorti ke abhav mean sadan ki baithak ko sthagit karana.
11. kisi sadasy ko apani matribhasha mean bolane ki anumati dena tatha usake bhashan ke hindi aur aangrezi anuvad ki vyavastha karana.
12. sadan ke neta ke anurodh par sadan ki gupt baithak ko ayojit karane ki svikriti pradan karana.

  nirikshan tatha bhartsana sambandhi shaktiyaan

adhyaksh ki nirikshan tatha bhartsana sambandhi shaktiyaan nimnalikhit haian-

1. sansadiy samitiyoan ki adhyakshata karana.
2. sansadiy samitiyoan ke adhyakshoan ko nirdesh dena.
3. sarvajanik hit mean sadan ya samiti ko avashyak janakari pradan karane ke lie sarakar ko nirdesh dena.
4. sadan mean asansadiy tatha anavashyak vichar-vimarsh ko rokana.
5. sadan mean bole gaye asansadiy tatha ashlil sandarbhoan ko sadan ki karravaee se nikalana.
6. sadan mean bolane ke lie sadasyoan ko anumati dena.
7. sadan ke kisi sadasy ko asansadiy vyavahar ke karan nishkasit karana athava use marshal dvara bahar nikalavana.
8. sadan mean avyavastha ki sthiti utpann hone par sadan ki karyavahi ko sthagit kana.
9. sadan ke simakshetr ke aantargat sadan ke kisi sadasy ki giraphtari ya usake viruddh karravaee karane ki anumati dena.
10. sadan mean pesh kiye gaye visheshadhikar prastav ko svikar karana tatha jisake oopar visheshadhikar hanan ka arop lagaya gaya hai, usake viruddh giraphtari ka adesh jari karana.
11. kisi vyakti ko sadan ki avamanana karane ya usake visheshadhikar ke ullaghann karane par sadan dvara kiye gaye nirnay ko lagoo karana॥

  prashasan sambandhi shaktiyaan

adhyaksh ko sadan ke prashasan ke sambandh mean nimnalikhat shaktiyaan pradan ki gayi haian-

1. lokasabha ke sachivalay par niyatrann rakhana.
2. lokasabha ki darshak dirgha aur pres dirgha par niyantran rakhana.
3. lokasabha sadasyoan ke lie avas tatha any suvidhaoan ki vyavastha karana.
4. lokasabha tatha usaki samitiyoan ki baithakoan ki vyavastha karana.
5. sansadiy karravaee ke abhilekhoan ko surakshit rakhane ki vyavastha karana.
6. lokasabha ke sadasyoan tatha karmachariyoan ke jivan aur sadan ki sampatti ki suraksha ki upayukt vyavastha karana.
7. lokasabha ke sadasyoan ka tyagapatr svikar karana athava use is adhar par asvikar karana ki tyagapatr vivashata ke karan diya gaya hai.

  vidhayi tatha any kary

vidhayi tatha any karyoan ke sambandh mean adhyaksh ko nimnalikhat shaktiyaan prapt haian-

1. lokasabha dvara parit vidheyak ko pramanit karana.
2. koee vidheyak dhan vidheyak hai ya nahian, isaka nirnay karana.
3. lokasabha tatha rajyasabha ki sanyukt baithakoan ki adhyakshata karana.
4. rashtrapati tatha lokasabha ke bich sampark sootr ke roop mean kary karana.
5. arntasansadiy sangh mean bharatiy sansadiy dal ke neta ke roop mean kary karana.
6. bharat mean vidhayikaoan ke pithasin adhikariyoan ke sammelan ki adhyakshata karana.
7. videsh jane vale sansadiy shishtamandal ke lie sadasyoan ko manonit karana.
8. lokasabha ke dvara parit vidheyak ki spasht trutiyoan ka door karana.
9. dal badal qanoon ka ullaghann karane vale lokasabha ke sadasyoan ko sadan ki sadasyata ke ayogy ghoshit karana.

lokasabha upadhyaksh

lokasabha ke sadasy sadan ke upadhyaksh ka chunav karate haian. upadhyaksh ke chunav mean vahi prakriya apanayi jati hai, jo adhyaksh ke chunav mean apanayi jati hai. upadhyaksh tab tak apane pad par bana rahata hai, jab tak vah sadan ka sadasy rahata hai. vah lokasabha adhyaksh ko tyagapatr dekar apana pad chho d sakata hai, apane pad se lokasabha ke sadasyoan ke dvara parit sankalp ke adhar par hataya ja sakata hai. upadhyaksh ko usake pad se hatane ke lie koee sankalp lokasabha mean pesh karane ke 14 din poorv usaki soochana use di jani chahie.

lokasabha ki shaktiyaan

lokasabha ko nimnalikhit shaktiyaan pradan ki gayi haian-

adhyaksh tatha upadhyaksh ka nirvachan tatha unhean pad se hatana

lokasabha ke adhyaksh tatha upadhyaksh ko nirvachit karane tatha unhean pad se mukt karane ka adhikar keval lokasabha ke sadasyoan ko pradan kiya gaya hai. adhyaksh tatha upadhyaksh ko sankalp parit karake padamukt kiya ja sakata hai. abhi tak lokasabha ke kisi bhi adhyaksh ko sankalp parit karake padamukt nahian kiya gaya hai, lekin 18 disambar, 1954 ko tatkalin lokasabha adhyaksh ji. vi. mavalankar, 1966 mean tatkalin adhyaksh hukam sianh aur 1988 mean lokasabhadhyaksh balaram jakh d ko padamukt karane ke lie lokasabha mean sankalp pesh kiya gaya tha.

mantriparishadh par niyantran

mantriparishadh sanyukt roop se lokasabha ke prati uttaradayi hai aur lokasabha mantriparishadh par paryapt niyantran rakhati hai. yadi lokasabha mantriparishadh ke viruddh avishvas prastav parit kare de, to mantriparishad ko tyagapatr dena p data hai ya rashtrapati mantriparishadh ko barkhast kar deta hai. abhi tak lokasabha mean keval tin bar mantriparishadh ke viruddh avishvas prastav parit ho chuka hai. halaanki is tarah ka prastav kee bar pesh kiya gaya hai. 1979 mean shri moraraji desaee mantriparidh ke viruddh avishvas prastav parit kiye jane ki prabal sambhavana thi, lekin moraraji desaee ne avishvas prastav ke parit hone ki sambhavana ke karan tyagapatr de diya tha. 1979 mean chaudhari charan sianh mantriparishadh ke viruddh avishvas prastav parit hone ki sambhavana thi, charan sianh ne tyagapatr dekar lokasabha ko bhang karane ki sifarish kar di thi. pahali bar 1989 mean rashtriy morcha ki sarakar, jisake pradhanamantri vi. pi. sianh the, ke viruddh avishvas prastav parit hua tha aur mantriparishadh ko tyagapatr dena p da tha.

isi prakar 1997 mean ech. di. devagau da ke netritv vali sanyukt morcha ki sarakar ko kaangres ke dvara samarthan vapas lene ke bad vishvasamat prapt nahian hone ke karan tyagapatr dena p da tha. lekin bad mean sanyukt morcha sarakar ke hi indr kumar gujaral ke kaangres dvara samarthan vapasi ke mudde par pradhanamantri pad se tyagapatr dete hue lokasabha bhang karane ki sifarish ki thi. isi prakar aprail, 1999 mean bharatiy janata parti gathabandhan sarakar, jisake pradhanamantri atal bihari vajapeyi the, dvara matr ek mat ke antar se lokasabha ka vishvas prapt karane mean asaphal rahane ke karan mantriparishadh ko tyagapatr dena p da. yadi lokasabha sarakar ke dvara pesh kiye gaye bajat ko namanzoor kar de ya rashtrapati ke abhibhashan ke lie usake dhanyavad prastav ko asvikrit kar de, to bhi mantriparishadh ko tyagapatr dena p data hai.

vitt par niyantran

lokasabha ka vitt par poorn niyantran rahata hai tatha rajyasabha ko is sambandh mean bahut simit adhikar haian. vitt vidheyak lokasabha mean hi pesh kiye jate haian. lokasabha dvara parit kiye jane par jab use rajyasabha ko pesh kiya jata hai, tab rajyasabha use keval 14 din tak apane pas rok sakati hai aur yadi rajyasabha vitt vidheyak ko parit karake 14 din ke andar lokasabha ko nahian bhejati hai, to vidheyak ko parit mana jata hai. yadi rajyasabha vitt vidheyak mean koee sanshodhan karati hai, to lokasabha ke vivek par nirbhar hai ki sanshodhan ko svikar kare ya asvikar kare.

sadan mean sthan rikt ghoshit karana

yadi lokasabha ka koee sadasy lokasabha ki anumati ke bina sadan se 60 din tak anupasthit rahe, to lokasabha us sthan ko rikt ghoshit kar sakati hai. lekin is 60 din ki avadhi ki ganana karate samay us avadhi ko nahian shamil kiya jata, jab sadan ka satr lagatar char din tak sthagit rahe ya sadan ka satravasan rahe.

rashtriy apat ki udaghoshana

lokasabha anuchchhed 352 ke adhin rashtrapati dvara jari rashtriy apat ki udaghoshana ko bhi namanzoor kar sakati hai. aisi namanzoori lokasabha ka vishesh adhiveshan bulakar ki jati hai. sadan ka vishesh adhiveshan lokasabha adhyaksh, jab sadan ka adhiveshan chal raha ho, ya rashtrapati, jab lokasabha ka adhiveshan n chal raha ho, ko sadan ke 10% sadasyoan ke dvara 14 din poorv likhit soochana dekar bulaya ja sakata hai. aisi soochana ki prapti par lokasabha adhyaksh ya rashtrapati vishesh adhiveshan bulane ke lie badhy haian.

sadan se sadasy ko nishkasit karana tatha sadasy ke nishkasan ko radd karana

yadi lokasabha ka koee sadasy apane karyoan se lokasabha ki garima ka ullanghan karata hai ya sadan ke visheshadhikaroan ka ullanghan karata hai, to lokasabha us sadasy ko sadan se nishkasit kar sakati hai. 1993 tak lokasabha ne ab tak is adhikar keval do bar prayog kiya hai. udaharanarth, 1954 mean ech. ji. budgal, jin par rishvat lekar lokasabha mean prashn poochhane ka arop tha, ke nishkasan ka prastav tatkalin pradhanamantri javahar lal neharoo ke dvara pesh kiya gaya tha, lekin nishkasan ki karravaee poora hone ke pahale hi unhoanne lokasabha ki sadasyata se tyagapatr de diya. lokasabha ne doosari bar is adhikar ka prayog shrimati iandira gaandhi ke viruddh kiya tha aur unhean lokasabha ki sadasyata se isalie nishkasit kar diya gaya tha ki unhoanne maruti udyog ke sambandh mean soochana ekatrit karane ke kary mean vyavadhan upasthit kiya tha. lokasabha ko sadasy ke nishkasan ko radd karane ka adhikar bhi hai. 1980 mean lokasabha ne shrimati iandira gaandhi, jinhean 1978 mean nishkasit kiya gaya tha, ka nishkasan radd kiya tha.

jel bhejan ki shakti

jo vyakti lokasabha ke visheshadhikaroan ka ullanghan karata hai, use lokasabha ke dvara jal bheja ja sakata hai. is adhikar ka prayog sabase pahale 1977 mean kiya gaya tha, jab indradev sianh ko lokasabha mean parche pheankane ke karan tiha d jel bheja gaya tha. jab shrimati iandira gaandhi ko 1978 mean lokasabha ki sadasyata se nishkasit kiya gaya tha, tab unhean bhi sansad ke adhiveshan, jisamean unhean nishkasit kiya gaya tha, tak ke lie bhej gaya tha.

niyam banane tatha nilambit karane ki shakti

lokasabha ko sadan ki karravaee sanchalit karane ke lie prakriya sambandhi niyam banane ki shakti prapt hai. sath hi vah in niyamoan ko nilambit bhi kar sakati hai.

vighatan ka prabhav

lokasabha ke vighatan ke nimnalikhit prabhav hote haian–

1. lokasabha ke samaksh lambit sabhi vidheyak pas ho jate haian aur yadi in vidheyakoan ko parit karana hai, to unhean agale lokasabha ke samaksh pun: pesh karana hoga.
2. rajyasabha mean lambit vidheyak, jise lokasabha ne parit nahian kiya hai, samapt ho jaeange, lekin rajyasabha mean lambit vidheyak, jise lokasabha ne parit kar diya hai, samapt nahian hoange, yadi rashtrapati ghoshana kar deta hai ki us vidheyak ke sambandh mean donoan sadano ki sanyukt baithak hogi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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