शान्तिदेव बौद्धाचार्य
maghyamik acharyoan mean achary shantidev ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. inaki rachanaean, atyant pranjal evan bhavapravan haian, jo pathak ke hriday ka sparsh karati haian aur use prabhavit karati haian. madhyamik darshan aur mahayan dharm ke prasar mean inaka apoorv yogadan hai.
darshanik manyata
madhyamikoan mean saiddhantik drishti se svatantrik evan prasangik bhed atyant prasiddh hai. svatantrik madhyatikoan mean bhi sootrachar svatantrik aur yogachar svatantrik ye do bhed haian. achary shantidev prasangik mat ke prabal samarthak haian. vicharoan aur tarkoan mean ye achary chandrakirti ka poornataya anugaman karate haian. unaki rachanaoan mean bodhicharyavatar pramukh hai. isamean das parichchhed haian. nauvean prajnaparichchhed mean inaki darshanik manyataean parisphutit huee haian. is parichchhed mean sanvriti aur paramarth in do satyoan ka inhoanne suspasht niroopan kiya hai. is niroopan mean inaka chandrakirti se kuchh bhi antar pratit nahian hota.
mool saiddhantik adhar par hi madhyamikoan k do varg haian. pratham varg mean ve madhyamik darshanik ate haian, jo padarthoan ki svalakshanasatta svikar karate haian aur paramarthat: unaki ni:svabhavata manate haian, jise ve 'shoonyata' kahate haian. doosare varg mean ve darshanik pariganit hote haian, jo svalakshanasatta kathamapi svikar nahian karate aur us ni:svalakshana ko hi 'shoonyata' kahate haian. inamean pratham varg ke madhyamik darshanik svatantrik tatha doosare varg ke madhyamik prasangik kahalate haian. in donoan ki manyataoan mean yah adharabhoot antar hai, jisaki or jijnasuoan ka dhyan jana chahie, anyatha madhyamik darshan ki nigoodh arth parijnat nahian hoga. vyavahar mean kisi dharm ka astitv ya usaki satta ko svikar karana ya n karana moolabhoot antar nahian hai, apitu us nishedhy ke svaroop mean jo moolabhoot antar hai, vah mahattvapoorn hai, jis (nishedhy) ka nishedh shoonyata kahalati hai tatha jisake nishedh se sari vyavasthaean sampann hoti haian. vastut: svatantr anuman ya svatantr hetuoan ka prayog ya aprayog bhi isi nishedhy par ashrit hai. shoonyata ke samyakh parijnan ke lie usake nishedhy ko sarvapratham janana paramavashyak hai, anyatha us (shoonyata) ka abhrantajnan asambhav hai. bina nishedhy ko thik se jane shoonyata ka vichar nirarthak hoga aur aisi sthiti mean shoonyata ka arth atyant tuchchhata ya nitant alikata ke arth mean grahan karane ki sambhavana ban jati hai. isalie achary nagarjun ne bhi agah kiya hai.
vinashayati rdudrashtashoonyata mandamedhasamh.
sarpo yatha durgahito vidya va dushprasadhita॥[1]
jab svabhavasatta ya svalakshanasatta ka nishedh kiya jata hai to usaka yah arth qatee nahian hota hai ki svalakshan satta kahian ho aur samane sthit kisi dharm mean, yatha- ghat ya pat mean usaka nishedh kiya jata ho. athava shash (kharagosh) kahian ho aur shrring (siang) bhi kahian ho, kintu un donoan ki kisi ek sthan mean vidyamanata ka nishedh kiya jata ho, apitu sabhi dharmoan arthath vastumatr mean svalakshanasatta ka nishedh kiya jata hai. kahane ka ashay yah hai ki ghat svayan (svat:) ya pat svayan svalakshanattavanh nahian hai. isi tarah koee bhi dharm svabhavat: sath ya svat: sath nahian hai. isaka yah bhi arth nahian hai ki vastu kisi bhi roop mean nahian hai. svabhavat: sath nahian hone par bhi vastu ka apalap nahian kiya jata, apitu isaka sapeksh ya ni:svabhav astitv svikar kiya jata hai aur usi ke adhar par kary-karan, bandh-moksh adi sari vyavasthaean sucharutaya sampann hoti haian. yadyapi sabhi dharm svalakshanat: ya svabhavat: sath nahian haian, phir bhi ve avidya ke karan svabhavat: sath ke roop mean drishtigochar hote haian aur svabhavat: sath ke roop mean unake prati abhinivesh bhi hota hai. dharm jaise pratit hote haian, vastut: unaka vaisa astitv nahian hota. unake yathadarshan ya pratiti ke anuroop astitv mean tarthik badhaean haian, at: avidya ke vishay ko badhit karana hi nishedh ka tatpary hai.
is tarah ni:svabhavata ke adhar par achary shantidev ne janm-maran, pap-puny, poorvapar janm adi ki vyavaharik satta ka pratipadan kiya hai. isi tarah atyant saral evan prasad gunayukt bhasha mean unhoanne svasanvedanapratyaksh ke bina smaran ki utpatti, vyavahritarth ka anveshan karane par usaki anupalabdhi tatha avicharit ramaniy lokaprasiddhi ke adhar par sari vyavasthaoan ka sundar niroopan kiya hai. vyavaharik satta par unaka sarvadhik zor isalie bhi hai ki jagatik vyavasthaean sucharoo roop se sampann ho sakean.
jivan parichay
achary shantidev satavian shatabdi ke mane jate haian. ye saurashtr ke nivasi the. buston ke anusar ye vahaan ke raja kalyanavarma ke putr the. inake bachapan ka nam shanti varma tha. yadyapi ve yuvaraj the, kintu bhagavati tara ki prerana se unhoanne rajy ka parityag kar diya. kaha jata hai ki svayan bodhisattv manjushri ne yogi ke roop mean unhean diksha di thi aur ve bhikshu ban ge.
rachanaean
prasiddh itihasakar lama taranath ke anusar unaki tin rachanaean prasiddh haian, yatha- bodhicharyavatar, shikshasamuchchay evan sootrasamuchchay. bodhicharyavatar sambhavat: unaki antim rachana hai, kyoanki any do granthoan ka ullekh svayan unhoanne bodhicharyavatar mean kiya hai. sarvapratham bodhicharyavatar ka prakashan roosi vidvanh aee.pi. minayev ne kiya. tadanantar m.m. haraprasad shastri ne buddhist tekst sosaiti ke janaral mean ise prakashit kiya. phreanch anuvad ke sath prajnakar mati ki tika 'la vali pooanse' ne bibliothika indika mean sanh 1902 mean prakashit ki. naanjiyoan ke kaitalag mean bodhicharyavatar ki ek bhinn vyakhya hai, usamean tin talapatr upalabdh hue, jinamean shantidev ka jivan charit diya hua hai. isake anusar shantidev kisi raja ke putr the. raja ka nam manjuvarma likha hua hai, kintu taranath ke anusar ve saurashtr ke raja ke putr the. bhot bhasha mean bodhicharyavatar ka pranjal evan hridayavarjak anuvad hai.
achary shantidev paramitayan ke sath-sath mantranay ke bhi prakand pandit the. itana hi nahian, ve mahanh sadhak bhi the. chaurasi siddhoan mean inaki ganana ki jati hai. tantrashastr par inaki mahattvapoorn rachanaean haian. hamesha sote evan khate rahane ke karan inaka nam 'bhusuku' p d gaya tha. vastut: 'bhusuku' namak samadhi mean sarvada samapann rahane ke karan ye 'bhusuku' kahalate the. sanskrit mean inake 'shri guhyasamajamahayogatantr-balividhi' namak tantragranth ki soochana hai. charyacharyavinishchay se jnat hota hai ki bhusuku ne vajrayan ke kee granth likhe. bangali ya apabhransh mean inake kee gan bhi pae jate haian. ye git bauddh dharm ke sahajiya sampadray mean prachalit haian.
shant, maun evan vinodi svabhav ke karan log unaki vidvata se kam parichit the. nalanda ki sthaniy parampara ke anusar jyeshth mas ke shukl paksh mean prativarsh dharmacharya ka ayojan hota tha. nalanda ke adhyeta yuvakoan ne ek bar unake jnan ki pariksha karane ka karyakram banaya. unaka khyal tha ki achary shantidev kuchh bhi bol nahian paeange aur achchha maja aega. ve achary ke pas ge aur dharmasan par baithakar dharmopadesh karane ka unase agrah kiya. achary ne nimantran svikar kar liya. nalanda mahavihar ke uttar poorv mean ek dharmagar tha. usamean pandit ekatr hue aur shantidev ek ooanche sianhasan par baithae ge. unhoanne tatkal poochha- 'maian arsh (bhagavanh buddh dvara upadisht) ka path karooan ya artharsh (acharyoan dvara vyakhyayit) ka path karooan? pandit log ashcharyachakit hue aur unhoanne artharsh ka path sunane ko kaha. unhoanne (shantidev ne) socha ki svarachit tin granthoan mean se kisaka path karooan? ant mean unhoanne bodhicharyavatar ko pasand kiya aur padhane lage.
sugatanh sasutanh sadharmakayanh
pranipatyadaratoakhilaanshch vandyanh[2]
yahaan se lekar-
yada n bhavo nabhavo mate: santishthate pur:.
tadanyagatyabhaven niralamba prashamyati॥[3]
tak pahuanche tab bhagavanh sammukh pradurbhoot hue aur shantidev ko apane lok mean le ge. yah varnan uparyukt talapatroan se prapt hota hai. pandit log ashcharyachakit hue tadanantar unaki padhu-kuti dhooanti gee, jisamean unhean unake tinoan granth prapt hue.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
- kram var soochi